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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

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12-05-2017

Neural Correlates of Emotion Reactivity and Regulation in Young Children with ADHD Symptoms

Auteurs: Claudia Lugo-Candelas, Chaia Flegenheimer, Elizabeth Harvey, Jennifer M. McDermott

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 7/2017

Abstract

Emotion reactivity and regulation are frequently impaired in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), yet few studies have examined these factors in young children with ADHD, and none have explored the neural correlates of emotion reactivity and regulation in this group through event-related potentials (ERPs). Children aged 4 to 7 with (n = 25; 18 boys) and without (n = 29; 20 boys) ADHD symptoms completed an attention task composed of four blocks: baseline, frustration, suppression, and recovery. In the frustration and suppression blocks, negative affect was induced by false negative feedback. During the suppression block, children were asked to suppress emotional expressions. Neural reactivity, assessed via the N2 and P3 components, suggests that children with ADHD symptoms processed the emotional induction differently than typically developing (TD) children. TD children demonstrated decreased N2 and increased P3 amplitudes at frontal and frontocentral regions across task conditions whereas children with ADHD symptoms showed relatively stable N2 and P3 amplitudes. This pattern suggests that young children with ADHD symptoms are not as effective as their TD peers in modulating attention allocation and cognitive control in emotionally laden situations. The present study underscores that emotional contexts may exacerbate attentional control deficits in young children with ADHD symptoms.

vorige artikel Emotional Understanding, Reactivity, and Regulation in Young Children with ADHD Symptoms

volgende artikel Correspondence between Heart Rate Variability and Emotion Dysregulation in Children, Including Children with ADHD

A total of 68 children were recruited. Altogether, nine children (3 ADHD symptoms) were dropped due to equipment failure (n = 4), refusal to wear EEG cap (n = 1), excessive movement (n = 2), or having fewer than 15 usable ERP trials per block (n = 2). There were no group differences in the number of usable trials collected, t(52) = −1.38, p = .18 (ADHD symptoms: M = 47.76, SE = 7.81; TD: M = 50.67, SE = 7.71). On average, 13% of baseline, 17% of frustration, 17% of suppression, and 18% of recovery trials were excluded. Five additional children (3 with ADHD symptoms) were dropped from the final sample because they had outlier values (> 3.29 SDs away from mean; Tabachnick and Fidell 2013) on 5 or more P3 amplitude values of interest (all demonstrated 10 or more outlier values).

Analyses involving significant group differences or interactions (i.e., ERP analyses) were also run controlling for child age. There were no main effects of age for either component. For the P3 component, the Group X Block interaction remained significant when controlling for age. For the N2 component, the Group X Site X Block interaction became marginally significant, F(6, 306) = 2.05, p = .06. For both components, the within group repeated measures contrasts and between group ANOVAS remained significant when controlling for age.

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Titel: Neural Correlates of Emotion Reactivity and Regulation in Young Children with ADHD Symptoms
Auteurs: Claudia Lugo-Candelas
Chaia Flegenheimer
Elizabeth Harvey
Jennifer M. McDermott
Publicatiedatum: 12-05-2017
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 7/2017
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-017-0297-2

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