Top

Gepubliceerd in:

07-08-2015 | Empirical Research

Model Minority Stereotyping, Perceived Discrimination, and Adjustment Among Adolescents from Asian American Backgrounds

Auteurs: Lisa Kiang, Melissa R. Witkow, Taylor L. Thompson

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 7/2016

Abstract

The model minority image is a common and pervasive stereotype that Asian American adolescents must navigate. Using multiwave data from 159 adolescents from Asian American backgrounds (mean age at initial recruitment = 15.03, SD = .92; 60 % female; 74 % US-born), the current study targeted unexplored aspects of the model minority experience in conjunction with more traditionally measured experiences of negative discrimination. When examining normative changes, perceptions of model minority stereotyping increased over the high school years while perceptions of discrimination decreased. Both experiences were not associated with each other, suggesting independent forms of social interactions. Model minority stereotyping generally promoted academic and socioemotional adjustment, whereas discrimination hindered outcomes. Moreover, in terms of academic adjustment, the model minority stereotype appears to protect against the detrimental effect of discrimination. Implications of the complex duality of adolescents’ social interactions are discussed.

vorige artikel Loneliness and Ethnic Composition of the School Class: A Nationally Random Sample of Adolescents

volgende artikel Advancing Understanding of Acculturation for Adolescents of Asian Immigrants: Person-Oriented Analysis of Acculturation Strategy Among Korean American Youth

Ambady, N., Shih, M., Kim, A., & Pittinsky, T. L. (2001). Stereotype susceptibility in children: Effects of identity activation on quantitative performance. Psychological Science, 12, 385–390. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00371.CrossRefPubMed

Ambady, N., Shih, M., & Pittinsky, T. L. (1999). Stereotype susceptibility: Identity salience and shifts in quantitative performance. Psychological Science, 10, 80–83. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00111.CrossRef

Andresen, E. M., Malmgren, J. A., Carter, W. B., & Patrick, D. L. (1994). Screening for depression in well older adults: Evaluation of a short form of the CES-D. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 10(2), 77–84. doi:10.1037/t10141-000.PubMed

Asian American Federation. (2014). The state of Asian American children. New York, NY: Asian American Federation.

Benner, A. D., & Graham, S. (2011). Latino adolescents’ experiences of discrimination across the first 2 years of high school: Correlates and influences on educational outcomes. Child Development, 82, 508–519. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01524.x.CrossRefPubMed

Bryk, A. S., & Raudenbush, S. W. (1992). Hierarchical linear models. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Chang, D. F., & Demyan, A. (2007). Teachers’ stereotypes of Asian, Black, and White students. School Psychology Quarterly, 22(2), 91–114. doi:10.1037/1045-3830.22.2.91.CrossRef

Cheryan, S., & Bodenhausen, G. V. (2000). When positive stereotypes threaten intellectual performance: The psychological hazards of model minority status. Psychological Science, 11, 399–402. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00277.CrossRefPubMed

Cocchiara, F. K., & Quick, J. C. (2004). The negative effects of positive stereotypes: Ethnicity-related stressors and implications on organizational health. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(6), 781–785. doi:10.1002/job.263.CrossRef

Eccles, J. S. (1983). Expectancies, values, and academic behaviors. In J. T. Spence (Ed.), Achievement and achievement motivation (pp. 75–146). San Francisco: Freeman.

Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: Norton.

Fishbein, H. D. (1996). Peer prejudice and discrimination: Evolutionary, cultural, and developmental dynamics. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Fuligni, A., Kiang, L., Witkow, M., & Baldelomar, O. (2008). Stability and change in ethnic labeling among adolescents from Asian and Latin American immigrant families. Child Development, 79, 944–956. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01169.x.CrossRefPubMed

Fuligni, A. J., Witkow, M., & Garcia, C. (2005). Ethnic identity and the academic adjustment of adolescents from Mexican, Chinese, and European backgrounds. Developmental Psychology, 41(5), 799–811. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.41.5.799.CrossRefPubMed

Garcia Coll, C., Crnic, K., Lamberty, G., Wasik, B. H., Jenkins, R., Garcia, H. V., & McAdoo, H. P. (1996). An integrative model for the study of developmental competencies in minority children. Child Development, 67(5), 1891–1914. doi:10.2307/1131600.CrossRefPubMed

Greene, M. L., Way, N., & Pahl, K. (2006). Trajectories of perceived adult and peer discrimination among Black, Latino, and Asian American adolescents: Patterns and psychological correlates. Developmental Psychology, 42, 218–238. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.2.218.CrossRefPubMed

Harter, S. (1999). The construction of the self: A developmental perspective. New York: Guilford Press.

Ho, C., & Jackson, J. W. (2001). Attitudes toward Asian Americans: Theory and measurement. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31(8), 1553–1581. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb02742.x.CrossRef

Hughes, D., Rodriguez, J., Smith, E. P., Johnson, D. J., Stevenson, H. C., & Spicer, P. (2006). Parents’ ethnic–racial socialization practices: A review of research and directions for future study. Developmental Psychology, 42(5), 747–770. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.5.747.CrossRefPubMed

Hurh, W. M., & Kim, K. C. (1989). The ‘success’ image of Asian Americans: Its validity, and its practical and theoretical implications. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 12(4), 512–538. doi:10.1080/01419870.1989.9993650.CrossRef

Huynh, V. W., & Fuligni, A. J. (2010). Discrimination hurts: The academic, psychological, and physical well-being of adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20, 916–941. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00670.x.CrossRef

Huynh, V. W., & Fuligni, A. J. (2012). Perceived ethnic stigma across the transition to college. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41, 817–830. doi:10.1007/s10964-011-9731-x.CrossRefPubMed

Inhelder, B., & Piaget, J. (1958). The growth of logical thinking from childhood to adolescence. New York: Basic Books.CrossRef

Kiang, L., Witkow, M. R., & Champagne, M. C. (2013). Normative changes in ethnic and American identities and links with adjustment among Asian American adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 49(9), 1713–1722.CrossRefPubMed

Kim, J. (2001). Asian American identity development theory. In C. L. Wijeyesinghe & B. W. Jackson III (Eds.), New perspectives on racial identity development (pp. 67–90). New York: New York University Press.

Lee, S. J. (1996). Unraveling the “model minority” stereotype: Listening to Asian American Youth. New York: Teachers College Press.

Liang, B., Grossman, J. M., & Deguchi, M. (2007). Chinese American middle school youths’ experiences of discrimination and stereotyping. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 4, 187–205.CrossRef

Maas, C. J., & Hox, J. J. (2005). Sufficient sample sizes for multilevel modeling. Methodology, 1, 86–92.CrossRef

Ngo, B., & Lee, S. J. (2007). Complicating the image of model minority success: A review of Southeast Asian American education. Review of Educational Research, 77(4), 415–453. doi:10.3102/0034654307309918.CrossRef

Nishina, A., & Juvonen, J. (2005). Daily reports of witnessing and experiencing peer harassment in middle school. Child Development, 76(2), 435–450. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00855.x.CrossRefPubMed

Niwa, E. Y., Way, N., & Hughes, D. L. (2014). Trajectories of ethnic–racial discrimination among ethnically diverse early adolescents: Associations with psychological and social adjustment. Child Development, 85, 2339–2354. doi:10.1111/cdev.12310.PubMed

Niwa, E. Y., Way, N., Qin, D. B., & Okazaki, S. (2011). Hostile hallways: Asian American adolescents’ experiences of peer discrimination in school. In F. Leong, L. Juang, & D. B. Qin (Eds.), Asian American and Pacific Islander Children and Mental Health (pp. 193–217). Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.

Oyserman, D., & Sakamoto, I. (1997). Being Asian American: Identity, cultural constructs, and stereotype perception. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 33(4), 435–453. doi:10.1177/0021886397334002.CrossRef

Perreira, K. M., Fuligni, A., & Potochnick, S. (2010). Fitting in: The roles of social acceptance and discrimination in shaping the academic motivations of Latino youth in the US Southeast. Journal of Social Issues, 66(1), 131–153. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2009.01637.x.CrossRefPubMed

Peterson, W. (1966). Success story: Japanese-American style. New York Times Magazine, 9, 20–43.

Phinney, J. S., & Chavira, V. (1995). Parental ethnic socialization and adolescent coping with problems related to ethnicity. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 5, 31–53.CrossRef

Qin, D. B., Way, N., & Rana, M. (2008). The “model minority” and their discontent: Examining peer discrimination and harassment of Chinese American immigrant youth. In H. Yoshikawa & N. Way (Eds.), Beyond the family: Contexts of immigrant children’s development. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 212, 27–42.

Rosenberg, M. (1986). Conceiving the self. Malabar, FL: Krieger.

Rosenbloom, S. R., & Way, N. (2004). Experiences of discrimination among African American, Asian Americans, and Latino Adolescents in an urban high school. Youth and Society, 35, 420–451. doi:10.1177/0044118x03261479.CrossRef

Rosenthal, R., & Jacobson, L. (1968). Pygmalion in the classroom. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.

Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069–1081. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069.CrossRef

Shih, M., Ambady, N., Richeson, J. A., Fujita, K., & Gray, H. M. (2002). Stereotype performance boosts: The impact of self-relevance and the manner of stereotype activation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(3), 638–647. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.83.3.638.CrossRefPubMed

Shih, M., Pittinsky, T. L., & Ambady, N. (1999). Stereotype susceptibility: Identity salience and Shifts in quantitative performance. Psychological Science, 10(1), 80–83. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00111.CrossRef

Snijders, T. A. B. (2005). Power and sample size in multilevel linear models. In B. S. Everitt & D. C. Howell (Eds.), Encyclopedia of statistics in behavioral science (Vol. 3, pp. 1570–1573). New York: Wiley.

Supple, A. J., & Plunkett, S. W. (2011). Dimensionality and validity of the Rosenberg self-esteem scale for use with Latino adolescents. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 33, 39–53.CrossRef

Suzuki, B. H. (2002). Revisiting the model minority stereotype: Implications for student affairs practice and higher education. New Directions for Student Services, 97, 21–32. doi:10.1002/ss.36.CrossRef

Syed, M., & Juan, M. J. D. (2012). Discrimination and psychological distress: Examining the moderating role of social context in a nationally representative sample of Asian American adults. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 3, 104–120. doi:10.1037/a0025275.CrossRef

Thompson, T. L., & Kiang, L. (2010). The model minority stereotype: Adolescent experiences and links with adjustment. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 1(2), 119–128. doi:10.1037/a0019966.CrossRef

Thompson, T. L., Kiang, L., & Witkow, M. R. (2015). “You’re Asian; you’re supposed to be smart”: Adolescents’ experiences with the model minority stereotype and longitudinal links with identity (under review).

Wang, C., & Atwal, K. (2014). School climate, discrimination, and depressive symptoms. Contemporary School Psychology, 18, 1–13. doi:10.1007/s40688-014-0040-8.CrossRef

Wang, J., Siy, J. O., & Cheryan, S. (2011). Racial discrimination and mental health among Asian American youth. In F. Leong, L. Juang, & D. B. Qin (Eds.), Asian American and Pacific Islander Children and Mental Health (pp. 219–242). Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.

Whaley, A. L., & Noel, L. T. (2013). Academic achievement and behavioral health among Asian American and African American adolescents: Testing the model minority and inferior minority assumptions. Social Psychology of Education, 16(1), 23–43. doi:10.1007/s11218-012-9206-2.CrossRef

Wong, F., & Halgin, R. (2006). The “model minority”: Bane or blessing for Asian Americans? Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 34, 38–49. doi:10.1002/j.2161-1912.2006.tb00025.x.CrossRef

Wong, Y. J., Owen, J., Tran, K. K., Collins, D. L., & Higgins, C. E. (2012). Asian American male college students’ perceptions of people’s stereotypes about Asian American men. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 13(1), 75–88. doi:10.1037/a0022800.CrossRef

Wu, F. (2002). Yellow: race in America beyond black and white. New York: Basic Books.

Yoo, H. C., Burrola, K. S., & Steger, M. F. (2010). A preliminary report on a new measure: Internalization of the Model Minority Myth (IM-4) and its psychological correlates among Asian American college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 57(1), 114–127. doi:10.1037/a0017871.CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Model Minority Stereotyping, Perceived Discrimination, and Adjustment Among Adolescents from Asian American Backgrounds
Auteurs: Lisa Kiang
Melissa R. Witkow
Taylor L. Thompson
Publicatiedatum: 07-08-2015
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 7/2016
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-015-0336-7

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 7/2016

Wanting to See People Like Me? Racial and Gender Diversity in Popular Adolescent Television

Conceptions of Adolescence: Implications for Differences in Engagement in School Over Early Adolescence in the United States and China

Money, Peers and Parents: Social and Economic Aspects of Inequality in Youth Wellbeing

Race, Ethnicity, and Adolescent Violent Victimization

The Everyday Implications of Ethnic-Racial Identity Processes: Exploring Variability in Ethnic-Racial Identity Salience Across Situations

The Impact of African American Parents’ Racial Discrimination Experiences and Perceived Neighborhood Cohesion on their Racial Socialization Practices