Top

Gepubliceerd in:

23-03-2019 | ORIGINAL PAPER

Mindfulness Training Offered In-person and in a Virtual World—Weekly Self-reports of Stress, Energy, Pain, and Sleepiness among US Military Active Duty and Veteran Personnel

Auteurs: Valerie J. Rice, Baoxia Liu, Stephen C. Allison, Paul J. Schroeder

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 9/2019

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this paper is to present research findings on the effects of mindfulness meditation training on four weekly self-report measures among three groups: those receiving training delivered in-person (M-IP) or in a virtual world (M-VW), and a waitlist control group (WLC).

Methods

Participants (n = 191) were US military active duty service members and veterans. The M-IP and M-VW groups reported their stress, energy, pain, and sleepiness before/after each mindfulness training class, while the control group answered the same questions once a week for the 8-week duration of training.

Results

The M-IP and M-VW groups showed greater reductions in stress over the 8 weeks than the control group (1.70, 0.80, and 0.30 points, respectively; p = .028). Meaningful improvements (> 20%) pre- to post-training were seen for stress, pain, and sleepiness in the M-IP group, for pain only in the VW group, and for none in the WLC group. Those experiencing high levels of stress or pain before training experienced reductions in their stress or pain post mindfulness training, while those with lower initial levels did not (p < .001). Within class improvements were seen for both intervention groups; however, improvements were greater for those attending M-IP for energy, pain, and sleepiness (p < .034).

Conclusions

In-person mindfulness training yielded statistically and meaningfully superior results; however, both IP and VW delivery methods were effective in reducing stress among healthy US military active duty and veteran participants. Mindfulness was particularly helpful for those experiencing initially high levels of stress or pain.

vorige artikel Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Versus Treatment as Usual in Adults with ADHD: a Trial-Based Economic Evaluation

volgende artikel Mixed Experiences of a Mindfulness-Informed Intervention: Voices from People with Intellectual Disabilities, Their Supporters, and Therapists

American Thoracic Society (2018). Retrieved June 1, 2018, from http://www.thoracic.org/members/assemblies/assemblies/srn/questionaires/sss.php.

Baer, R. A. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 125–143. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpg015.CrossRef

Baer, R. A., Carmody, J., & Hunsinger, M. (2012). Weekly change in mindfulness and perceived stress in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(7), 755–765. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21865.CrossRefPubMed

Black, D. S., O'Reilly, G. A., Olmstead, R., Breen, E. C., & Irwin, M. R. (2015). Mindfulness meditation and improvement in sleep quality and daytime impairment among older adults with sleep disturbances: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine, 175(4), 494–501. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8081.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Brand, S., Holsboer-Trachsler, E., Naranjo, J. R., & Schmidt, S. (2012). Influence of mindfulness practice on cortisol and sleep in long-term and short-term meditators. Neuropsychobiology, 65, 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1159/000330362.CrossRefPubMed

Caddick, N., Cullen, H., Clarke, A., Fossey, M., Hill, M., McGill, G., et al. (2018). Ageing, limb-loss, and military veterans: A systematic review of the literature. Ageing and Society, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x18000119.

Carlson, L. E., Speca, M., Faris, P., & Patel, K. D. (2007). One year pre–post intervention follow-up of psychological, immune, endocrine and blood pressure outcomes of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) in breast and prostate cancer outpatients. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 21(8), 1038–1049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2007.04.002.CrossRefPubMed

Chokroverty, S., Allen, R. P., Walters, A. S., & Montagna, P. (Eds.). (2013). Sleep and movement disorders. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682003.001.0001.CrossRef

Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155–159. https://doi.org/10.20982/tqmp.03.2.p079.CrossRefPubMed

Creswell, J. D., & Lindsay, E. K. (2014). How does mindfulness training affect health? A mindfulness stress buffering account. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(6), 401–407. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414547415.CrossRef

Dahl, J., & Lundgren, T. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in the treatment of chronic pain. In R. A. Baer (Ed.), Mindfulness-based treatment approaches: A clinician's guide to evidence base and applications (pp. 285–308). New York: Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-088519-0.x5000-x.CrossRef

Downie, W. W., Leatham, P. A., Rhind, V. M., Wright, V., Branco, J. A., & Anderson, J. A. (1978). Studies with pain rating scales. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 37(4), 378–381. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.37.4.378.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Erdfelder, E., Franz, F., & Buchner, A. (1996). GPOWER: A general power analysis program. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 28(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03203630.CrossRef

Ferraz, M. B., Quaresma, M. R., Aquino, L. R., Atra, E., Tugwell, P., & Goldsmith, C. H. (1990). Reliability of pain scales in the assessment of literate and illiterate patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Rheumatology, 17(8), 1022–1024.PubMed

Frank, J. L., Reibel, D., Broderick, P., Cantrell, T., & Metz, S. (2013). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on educator stress and well-being: Results from a pilot study. Mindfulness, 6(2), 208–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-013-0246-2.CrossRef

Greer, T. W. (2017). Career development for women veterans. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 19, 54–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422316682737.CrossRef

Gross, C. R., Kreitzer, M. J., Reilly-Spong, M., Wall, M., Winbush, N. Y., Patterson, R., Mahowald, M., & Cramer-Bornemann, M. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction versus pharmacotherapy for chronic primary insomniaa: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Explore, 7(2), 76–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2010.12.003.CrossRefPubMed

Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57, 35–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3999(03)00573-7.CrossRefPubMed

Henriksson, J., Wasara, E., & Rönnlund, M. (2016). Effects of eight-week-web-based mindfulness training on pain intensity, pain acceptance, and life satisfaction in individuals with chronic pain. Psychological Reports, 119(3), 586–607. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294116675086.CrossRefPubMed

Herscovitch, J., & Broughton, R. (1981). Sensitivity of the Stanford sleepiness scale to the effects of cumulative partial sleep deprivation and recovery oversleeping. Sleep, 4(1), 83–92. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/4.1.83.CrossRefPubMed

Hilton, L., Hempel, S., Ewing, B. A., Apaydin, E., Xenakis, L., Newberry, S … Maglione, M. A. (2017). Mindfulness meditation for chronic pain: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 51(2), 199–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-016-9844-2.

Hoddes, E., Zarcone, V., Smythe, H., Phillips, R., & Dement, W. C. (1973). Quantification of sleepiness: A new approach. Psychophysiology, 10(4), 431–436. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00801.x.CrossRefPubMed

Jha, A. P., Morrison, A. B., Drainer-Best, J., Parker, S., Rostrup, N., & Stanley, E. A. (2015). Minds "at attention": Mindfulness training curbs attentional lapses in military cohorts. PLoS One, 10(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116889.CrossRef

Johnson, D. C., Thom, N. J., Stanley, E. A., Haase, L., Simmons, A. N., Shih, P. B., . . . Paulus, M. P. (2014). Modifying resilience mechanisms in at-risk individuals: A controlled study of mindfulness training in marines preparing for deployment. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 171(8), 844–853. doi: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13040502.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kabat-Zinn, J. (2013). Full Catastrophe Living, revised edition: How to Cope with Stress, Pain and Illness using Mindfulness Meditation. Hachette: Bantam Books.

Kabat-Zinn, J., & Chapman-Waldrop, A. (1988). Compliance with an outpatient stress reduction program: Rates and predictors of program completion. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 11(4), 333–352. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00844934.CrossRefPubMed

Kearney, D. J., Simpson, T. L., Malte, C. A., Felleman, B., Martinez, M. E., & Hunt, S. C. (2016). Mindfulness-based stress reduction in addition to usual care is associated with improvements in pain, fatigue and cognitive failures among veterans with gulf war illness. The American Journal of Medicine, 129(2), 204–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.09.015.CrossRefPubMed

Khoury, B., Sharma, M., Rush, S. E., & Fournier, C. (2015). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for healthy individuals: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 78, 519–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.03.009.CrossRefPubMed

Kirchner, J. E., Farmer, M. S., Shue, V. M., Blevins, D., & Sullivan, G. (2011). Partnering with communities to address the mental health needs of rural veterans. The Journal of Rural Health, 27(4), 416–424. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0361.2011.00362.x.CrossRefPubMed

Kover, S. T., & Atwood, A. K. (2013). Establishing equivalence: Methodological progress in group-matching design and analysis. American Journal of Intellectual Developmental Disabilities, 118(1), 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-118.1.3.CrossRef

Lengacher, C. A., Johnson-Mallard, V., Post-White, J., Moscoso, M. S., Jacobsen, P. B., Klein, T. W … Kip, K. E. (2009). Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for survivors of breast cancer. Psycho-Oncology, 18(12), 1261–1272. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.1529.

Liu, B., & Rice, V. J. (2018). Characteristics of United States military personnel and veterans who completed mindfulness training. In V. Duffy & N. Lightner (Eds.), Advances in human factors and ergonomics in healthcare and medical devices (pp. 22–32). New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60483-1_3.CrossRef

Martinez, M. E., Kearney, D. J., Simpson, T., Felleman, B. I., Bernardi, N., & Sayre, G. (2015). Challenges to enrollment and participation in mindfulness-based stress reduction among veterans: A qualitative study. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 21(7), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2014.0324.CrossRef

Meland, A., Ishimatsu, K., Pensgaard, A. M., Wagstaff, A., Fonne, V., Garde, A. H., & Harris, A. (2015). Impact of mindfulness training on physiological measures of stress and objective measures of attention control in a military helicopter unit. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 25(3–4), 191–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508414.2015.1162639.CrossRefPubMed

Mobbs, M. C., & Bonanno, G. A. (2018). Beyond war and PTSD: The crucial role of transition stress in the lives of military veterans. Clinical Psychology Review, 59, 137–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.11.007.CrossRefPubMed

Morledge, T. J., Allexandre, D., Fox, E., Fu, A. Z., Higashi, M. K., Kruzikas, D. T., et al. (2013). Feasibility of an online mindfulness program for stress management—A randomized, controlled trial. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 46(2), 137–148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-013-9490-x.CrossRefPubMed

Rand Corporation. (2008). In Rand Corporation (Ed.), Invisible wounds of war: Psychological and cognitive injuries, their consequences, and services to assist recovery. Santa Monica.

Rice, V. J., Boykin, G. L., Overby, C. R., Jeter, A., & Villarreal, J. (2018a). A pilot study evaluating the utility, acceptability, and feasibility of an abbreviated mindfulness meditation program before and during Army warfighting training. In V. Duffy & N. Lightner (Eds.), Advances in human factors and ergonomics in healthcare and medical devices (pp. 53–63). New York: Springer International. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60483-1_6.CrossRef

Rice, V. J., Liu, B., & Schroeder, P. J. (2018b). Impact of in-person and virtual world mindfulness training on symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Military Medicine, 183, 413–420. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usx227.CrossRefPubMed

Rice, V. J., Tree, R., Boykin, G., Alfred, P., & Schroeder, P. J. (2018c). Trust in automation among volunteers participating in a virtual world telehealth mindfulness meditation training program. In D. Cassenti (Ed.), Advances in human factors in simulation and modeling (pp. 151–160). New York: Springer International. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94223-0_14.CrossRef

Serpa, S. J., Taylor, S. L., & Tillisch, K. (2014). Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) reduces anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation in veterans. Medical Care, 52, S19–S24. https://doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0000000000000202.CrossRefPubMed

Sharma, M., & Rush, S. E. (2014). Mindfulness-based stress reduction as a stress managment intervention for healthy individuals. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 19(4), 271–286. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156587214543143.CrossRef

Sharp, M. L., Fear, N. T., Rona, R. J., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., Jones, N., & Goodwin, L. (2015). Stigma as a barrier to seeking health care among military personnel with mental health problems. Epidemiologic Reviews, 37(1), 144–162. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxu012.CrossRefPubMed

Smith, B. W., Shelley, B. M., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., & Bernard, J. (2008). A pilot study comparing the effects of mindfulness-based and cognitive-behavioral based stress reduction. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 14(3), 251–258. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2007.0641.CrossRefPubMed

Song, Y., & Lindquist, R. (2015). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on depression, anxiety, stress, and mindfulness in Korean nursing students. Nurse Education Today, 35(1), 86–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2014.06.010.CrossRefPubMed

Speca, M., Carlson, L. E., Goodey, E., & Angen, M. (2000). A randomized, wait-list controlled clinical trial: The effect of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction program on mood and symptoms of stress in cancer outpatients. Psychosomatic Medicine, 62(5), 613–622. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200009000-00004.CrossRefPubMed

Stanley, E. A., & Jha, A. P. (2009). Mind fitness and mental amor: Enhancing performance and building warrior resilience. Joint Force Quarterly, 55(4), 144–151.

Stanley, E. A., Schaldach, J. M., Kiyonaga, A., & Jha, A. P. (2011). Mindfulness-based mind fitness training: A case study of a high-stress predeployment military cohort. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 18(4), 566–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2010.08.002.CrossRef

Thomas, J. L., Wilk, J. E., Riviere, L. A., McGurk, D., Castro, C. A., & Hoge, C. W. (2010). Prevalence of mental health problems and functional impairment among active component and National Guard soldiers 3 and 12 months following combat in Iraq. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67(6), 614–623. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.54.CrossRefPubMed

Van der Riet, P., Rossiter, R., Kirby, D., Dluzewska, T., & Harmon, C. (2015). Piloting a stress management and mindfulness program for undergraduate nursing students: Student feedback and lessons learned. Nurse Education Today, 35, 44–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2014.05.003.CrossRefPubMed

Vujanovic, A. A., Niles, B., Pietrefesa, A., Schmertz, S. K., & Potter, C. M. (2011). Mindfulness in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder among military veterans. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 42(1), 24–31. https://doi.org/10.1037/2326-4500.1.s.15.CrossRef

Wisner, B. L., Krugh, M. E., Ausbrooks, A., Russell, A., Chavkin, N. F., & Selber, K. (2014). An exploratory study of the benefits of a mindfulness skills group for student veterans. Social Work in Mental Health, 13(2), 128–144. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332985.2014.972009.CrossRef

Zinzow, H. M., Britt, T. W., McFadden, A. C., Burnette, C. M., & Gillispie, S. (2012). Connecting active duty and returning veterans to mental health treatment: Interventions and treatment adaptations that may reduce barriers to care. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(8), 741–753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.09.002.CrossRefPubMed

Zinzow, H. M., Britt, T. W., Pury, C. L., Raymond, M. A., McFadden, A. C., & Burnette, C. M. (2013). Barriers and facilitators of mental health treatment seeking among active-duty army personnel. Military Psychology, 25(5), 514–535. https://doi.org/10.1037/mil0000015.CrossRef

Titel: Mindfulness Training Offered In-person and in a Virtual World—Weekly Self-reports of Stress, Energy, Pain, and Sleepiness among US Military Active Duty and Veteran Personnel
Auteurs: Valerie J. Rice
Baoxia Liu
Stephen C. Allison
Paul J. Schroeder
Publicatiedatum: 23-03-2019
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness / Uitgave 9/2019
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01129-3

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 9/2019

Validation of the Dutch Comprehensive Inventory of Mindfulness Experiences (CHIME) and Development of a Short Form (CHIME-SF)

The Role of Mindfulness in Psychological Outcomes for Children Following Hurricane Exposure

Mindfulness Practice and Stress Following Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction: Examining Within-Person and Between-Person Associations with Latent Curve Modeling

A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Caregivers of Veterans

Unshakeable Well-Being: Is the Buddhist Concept of Enlightenment a Meaningful Possibility in the Current Age

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Versus Treatment as Usual in Adults with ADHD: a Trial-Based Economic Evaluation