Top

Mindfulness

Gepubliceerd in:

31-01-2022 | ORIGINAL PAPER

Mindfulness, Self-compassion, Self-injury, and Suicidal thoughts and Behaviors: a Correlational Meta-analysis

Auteurs: Megan Per, Emma Schmelefske, Kyla Brophy, Sara Beth Austin, Bassam Khoury

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 4/2022

Abstract

Objectives

While extant research indicates an inverse association between self-compassion and mindfulness with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs), estimates of magnitude remain unknown. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aim to quantify the relationship between self-compassion and mindfulness with engagement in NSSI and STBs.

Methods

Literature searches in four electronic databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Scopus, ProQuest Dissertations, and Theses Global) were conducted. Effect sizes were estimated using pooled correlation coefficients and a random effects model. Meta-regressions with mixed-effect models were used to determine the moderators of the associations.

Results

Sixty-eight independent samples from 62 different articles (N = 53,797) met inclusion criteria. Analyses yielded a medium negative correlation between self-compassion and mindfulness with both NSSI and STBs. Among mindfulness facets, the nonjudging, acting with awareness, and describing facets demonstrated the largest significant correlations with both STBs and NSSI. The self-coldness dimension (vs self-warmth dimension) of self-compassion demonstrated the largest correlation to STBs. There was a stronger negative correlation between self-compassion and mindfulness with engagement in NSSI and STBs in adolescent samples (than in clinical and college student samples) and with STBs’ recency (reported within the past 12 months vs lifetime). Associations between NSSI and STBs with self-compassion and mindfulness were greater in lower-quality studies and studies with younger or male samples, although effect sizes remained modest.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that self-compassion and mindfulness may buffer against NSSI and STBs. Future study regarding the efficacy and effectiveness of self-compassion and mindfulness-based interventions among NSSI and STB populations is warranted.

Meta-analysis registration

PROSPERO CRD42020167823.

vorige artikel Mindful Parent Training for Parents of Children Aged 3–12 Years with Behavioral Problems: a Scoping Review

volgende artikel Clarifying the Relationship Between Self-Compassion and Mindfulness: an Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

^*Aalsma, M. C., Jones, L. D., Staples, J. K., Garabrant, J. M., Gordon, J. S., Cyr, L. R., Salgado, G. F., & Salyers, M. P. (2020). Mind-body skills groups for adolescents with depression in primary care: A pilot study. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 34(5), 462-469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2020.05.003

^*Ali, A. (2014). We matter too! Suicidal thoughts and behaviors among youth at a therapeutic day school. Dissertation: Chicago School of Professional Psychology

^*Anastasiades, M. H., Kapoor, S., Wootten, J., & Lamis, D. A. (2017). Perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation in undergraduate women with varying levels of mindfulness. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 20(1), 129-138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-016-0686-5

Andover, M. S., Morris, B. W., Wren, A., & Bruzzese, M. E. (2012). The co-occurrence of non-suicidal self-injury and attempted suicide among adolescents: Distinguishing risk factors and psychosocial correlates. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 6(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1753-2000-6-11CrossRef

Angelakis, I., & Gooding, P. (2020). Obsessive–compulsive disorder and suicidal experiences: The role of experiential avoidance. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 50(2), 359–371. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12593CrossRefPubMed

Angelakis, I., & Gooding, P. (2021). Experiential avoidance in non-suicidal self-injury and suicide experiences: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12784

^*Argento, A., Simundic, A., Mettler, J., Mills, D. J., & Heath, N. L. (2020). Evaluating the effectiveness of a brief mindfulness activity in university students with non-suicidal self-injury engagement. Archives of Suicide Research, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1841052

Baer, M. M., Tull, M. T., Forbes, C. N., Richmond, J. R., & Gratz, K. L. (2020). Methods matter: Nonsuicidal self-injury in the form of cutting is uniquely associated with suicide attempt severity in patients with substance use disorders. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 50(2), 397–407. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12596CrossRefPubMed

^*Basharpoor, S., Daneshvar, S., & Noori, H. (2016). The relation of self-compassion and anger control dimensions with suicide ideation in university students. International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.26165

Basharpoor, S., Mowlaie, M., & Sarafrazi, L. (2021). The relationships of distress tolerance, self-compassion to posttraumatic growth, the mediating role of cognitive fusion. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 30(1), 70–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2019.1711279CrossRef

Batejan, K. L., Jarvi, S. M., & Swenson, L. P. (2015). Sexual orientation and non-suicidal self-injury: A meta-analytic review. Archives of Suicide Research, 19(2), 131–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2014.957450CrossRefPubMed

Bender, T. W., Anestis, M. D., Anestis, J. C., Gordon, K. H., & Joiner, T. E. (2012). Affective and behavioral paths toward the acquired capacity for suicide. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 31(1), 81–100. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2012.31.1.81CrossRef

Bentley, K. H., Nock, M. K., Sauer-Zavala, S., Gorman, B. S., & Barlow, D. H. (2017). A functional analysis of two transdiagnostic, emotion-focused interventions on nonsuicidal self-injury. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(6), 632. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000205CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Bertolote, J. M., & Fleischmann, A. (2002). A global perspective in the epidemiology of suicide. Suicidologi, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.5617/suicidologi.2330

Bewick, B., Koutsopoulou, G., Miles, J., Slaa, E., & Barkham, M. (2010). Changes in undergraduate students’ psychological well-being as they progress through university. Studies in Higher Education, 35(6), 633–645. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070903216643CrossRef

Bluth, K., & Blanton, P. W. (2014). Mindfulness and self-compassion: Exploring pathways to adolescent emotional well-being. Journal of Child and Family studies, 23(7), 1298–1309. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2007.00537.xCrossRefPubMed

Bluth, K., & Blanton, P. W. (2015). The influence of self-compassion on emotional well-being among early and older adolescent males and females. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(3), 219–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.936967CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

^*Bock, R. C., Berghoff, C. R., Baker, L. D., Tull, M. T., & Gratz, K. L. (2021). The relation of anxiety to nonsuicidal self injury is indirect through mindfulness. Mindfulness, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-021-01660-2

Borenstein, M., & Rothstein, H. (1999). Comprehensive meta-analysis. Biostat.

Brailovskaia, J., Forkmann, T., Glaesmer, H., Paashaus, L., Rath, D., Schönfelder, A., Juckel, G., & Teismann, T. (2019). Positive mental health moderates the association between suicide ideation and suicide attempts. Journal of Affective Disorders, 245, 246–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.005CrossRefPubMed

^*Bravo, A. J., Pearson, M. R., & Kelley, M. L. (2018). Mindfulness and psychological health outcomes: A latent profile analysis among military personnel and college students. Mindfulness, 9(1), 258-270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0771-5

Brenner, R. E., Heath, P. J., Vogel, D. L., & Credé, M. (2017). Two is more valid than one: Examining the factor structure of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). Journal of Counseling Psychology, 64(6), 696. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000211CrossRefPubMed

Brenner, R. E., Vogel, D. L., Lannin, D. G., Engel, K. E., Seidman, A. J., & Heath, P. J. (2018). Do self-compassion and self-coldness distinctly relate to distress and well-being? A theoretical model of self-relating. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 65(3), 346. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000257CrossRefPubMed

Brereton, A., & McGlinchey, E. (2020). Self-harm, emotion regulation, and experiential avoidance: A systematic review. Archives of Suicide Research, 24(sup1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2018.1563575CrossRefPubMed

^*Brooks, J. R., Lebeaut, A., Zegel, M., Walker, R. L., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2021). Anxiety sensitivity and suicide risk: Mindfulness as a psychological buffer for Black adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 289, 74-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.012

Brown, R. C., & Plener, P. L. (2017). Non-suicidal self-injury in adolescence. Current Psychiatry Reports, 19(3), 20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-017-0767-9CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

^*Buitron, V., Hill, R. M., & Pettit, J. W. (2017). Mindfulness moderates the association between perceived burdensomeness and suicide ideation in adults with elevated depressive symptoms. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 47(5), 580-588. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12314

Carpenter, T. P., & Law, K. C. (2021). Optimizing the scientific study of suicide with open and transparent research practices. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 51(1), 36–46. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/edawpCrossRefPubMed

Carpenter, J. K., Conroy, K., Gomez, A. F., Curren, L. C., & Hofmann, S. G. (2019). The relationship between trait mindfulness and affective symptoms: A meta-analysis of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Clinical Psychology Review, 74, 101785. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/edawpCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Castilho, P., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Duarte, J. (2015). Evaluating the multifactor structure of the long and short versions of the self-compassion scale in a clinical sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 71(9), 856–870. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22187CrossRefPubMed

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2018) Suicide rates rising across the US. https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2018/p0607-suicide-prevention.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2021) Facts about Suicide. https://www.cdc.gov/suicide/facts/index.html

Cha, C. B., Franz, P. J., Guzmán, M. E., Glenn, C. R., Kleiman, E. M., & Nock, M. K. (2018). Annual research review: Suicide among youth–epidemiology, (potential) etiology, and treatment. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59(4), 460–482. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12831CrossRefPubMed

Chang, E. C., Martos, T., Sallay, V., Chang, O. D., Wright, K. M., Najarian, A. S.-M., & Lee, J. (2017). Examining optimism and hope as protective factors of suicide risk in Hungarian college students: Is risk highest among those lacking positive psychological protection? Cognitive Therapy and Research, 41(2), 278–288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-016-9810-0CrossRef

^*Chassagne, J., Bronchain, J., Raynal, P., & Chabrol, H. (2020). L’effet modérateur de la pleine conscience dispositionnelle dans la relation entre symptomatologie dépressive, troubles de la personnalité limite et idéations suicidaires chez le jeune adulte. L'Encéphale, 46(2), 110-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2019.11.002

Cheng, H.-L., Mallinckrodt, B., Soet, J., & Sevig, T. (2010). Developing a screening instrument and at-risk profile for nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior in college women and men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 57(1), 128. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018206CrossRefPubMed

^*Cheng, S., Banks, K., Bartlett, B. A., San Miguel, G., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2018). Posttraumatic stress and mindfulness facets in relation to suicidal ideation severity among psychiatric inpatients. Mindfulness, 9(3), 761-772. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0814-y

^*Chesin, M. S., & Cascardi, M. (2019). Cognitive-affective correlates of suicide ideation and attempt: Mindfulness is negatively associated with suicide attempt history but not state suicidality. Archives of Suicide Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2018.1480984

Chesin, M. S., & Jeglic, E. L. (2016). Factors associated with recurrent suicidal ideation among racially and ethnically diverse college students with a history of suicide attempt: The role of mindfulness. Archives of Suicide Research, 20(1), 29–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2015.1004488CrossRefPubMed

^*Chesin, M. S., Benjamin-Phillips, C. A., Keilp, J., Fertuck, E. A., Brodsky, B. S., & Stanley, B. (2016). Improvements in executive attention, rumination, cognitive reactivity, and mindfulness among high–suicide risk patients participating in adjunct mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: Preliminary findings. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 22(8), 642-649. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2015.0351

Chu, J., Robinett, E. N., Ma, J. K., Shadish, K. Y., Goldblum, P., & Bongar, B. (2019). Cultural versus classic risk and protective factors for suicide. Death Studies, 43(1), 56–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2018.1430085CrossRefPubMed

^*Cladder-Micus, M., van Aalderen, J., Donders, A., Spijker, J., Vrijsen, J., & Speckens, A. (2018). Cognitive reactivity as outcome and working mechanism of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for recurrently depressed patients in remission. Cognition and Emotion, 32(2), 371-378. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2017.1285753

^*Cleare, S. (2019). Exploring the role of self-compassion in self-harm and suicidal ideation. Dissertation: University of Glasgow.

Cleare, S., Gumley, A., & O'Connor, R. C. (2019). Self-compassion, self-forgiveness, suicidal ideation, and self-harm: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 26(5), 511–530. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2372CrossRef

^*Collett, N., Pugh, K., Waite, F., & Freeman, D. (2016). Negative cognitions about the self in patients with persecutory delusions: An empirical study of self-compassion, self-stigma, schematic beliefs, self-esteem, fear of madness, and suicidal ideation. Psychiatry Research, 239, 79-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.043

^*Collins, K. R., Stritzke, W. G., Page, A. C., Brown, J. D., & Wylde, T. J. (2018). Mind full of life: Does mindfulness confer resilience to suicide by increasing zest for life? Journal of Affective Disorders, 226, 100-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.09.043

Cunha, M., Martinho, M. I., Xavier, A. M., & Espirito-Santo, H. (2014). Early memories of positive emotions and its relationships to attachment styles, self-compassion and psychopathology in adolescence. European Psychiatry, 28, 76444–76447. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(13)76444-7CrossRef

Di Giacomo, E., Krausz, M., Colmegna, F., Aspesi, F., & Clerici, M. (2018). Estimating the risk of attempted suicide among sexual minority youths: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 172(12), 1145–1152. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.2731CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

^*Dixon-Gordon, K. L., Chapman, A. L., & Turner, B. J. (2015). A preliminary pilot study comparing dialectical behavior therapy emotion regulation skills with interpersonal effectiveness skills and a control group treatment. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 6(4), 369-388. https://doi.org/10.5127/jep.041714

^*Dobbins, P. J. (2014). Five facets of mindfulness and deliberate self-harm in older adolescents. Dissertation: Fielding Graduate University

Downes, M. J., Brennan, M. L., Williams, H. C., & Dean, R. S. (2016). Development of a critical appraisal tool to assess the quality of cross-sectional studies (AXIS). BMJ Open, 6(12), e011458. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011458CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Ellis, T. E., & Rufino, K. A. (2016). Change in experiential avoidance is associated with reduced suicidal ideation over the course of psychiatric hospitalization. Archives of Suicide Research, 20(3), 426–437. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2015.1093983CrossRefPubMed

^*Fang, J. (2020). Interpersonal needs and suicidal ideation: Moderating effects of self-compassion. Dissertation: University of South Dakota

^*Fang, Y., Zeng, B., Chen, P., Mai, Y., Teng, S., Zhang, M., Zhao, J., Yang, X., & Zhao, J. (2019). Mindfulness and suicide risk in undergraduates: Exploring the mediating effect of alexithymia. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2106. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02106

Finlay-Jones, A. L., Rees, C. S., & Kane, R. T. (2015). Self-compassion, emotion regulation and stress among Australian psychologists: Testing an emotion regulation model of self-compassion using structural equation modeling. PloS one, 10(7), e0133481. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133481CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

^*Forkus, S. R., Breines, J. G., & Weiss, N. H. (2019). Morally injurious experiences and mental health: The moderating role of self-compassion. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 11(6), 630. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000446

Fox, K. R., Franklin, J. C., Ribeiro, J. D., Kleiman, E. M., Bentley, K. H., & Nock, M. K. (2015). Meta-analysis of risk factors for nonsuicidal self-injury. Clinical Psychology Review, 42, 156–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.09.002CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Fox, K. R., Huang, X., Guzmán, E. M., Funsch, K. M., Cha, C. B., Ribeiro, J. D., & Franklin, J. C. (2020). Interventions for suicide and self-injury: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials across nearly 50 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 146(2), 117–1145. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000305CrossRef

Franklin, J. C., Ribeiro, J. D., Fox, K. R., Bentley, K. H., Kleiman, E. M., Huang, X., Musacchio, K. M., Jaroszewski, A. C., Chang, B. P., & Nock, M. K. (2017). Risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A meta-analysis of 50 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 143(2), 187. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000084CrossRefPubMed

Gallagher, M. L., & Miller, A. B. (2018). Suicidal thoughts and behavior in children and adolescents: An ecological model of resilience. Adolescent Research Review, 3(2), 123–154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-017-0066-zCrossRefPubMed

^*Garisch, J. A., & Wilson, M. S. (2015). Prevalence, correlates, and prospective predictors of non-suicidal self-injury among New Zealand adolescents: Cross-sectional and longitudinal survey data. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 9(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-015-0055-6

Gilbert, P. (2017). Definitions and controversies. In P. Gilbert (Ed.), Compassion: Concepts, Research and Applications (pp. 3–15). Taylor and Francis.CrossRef

Gilbert, P., & Mascaro, J. (2017). Compassion: Fears, blocks, and resistances: An evolutionary investigation. The Oxford handbook of compassion science. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464684.013.29

Gilbert, P., Catarino, F., Duarte, C., Matos, M., Kolts, R., Stubbs, J., Ceresatto, L., Duarte, J., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Basran, J. (2017). The development of compassionate engagement and action scales for self and others. Journal of Compassionate Health Care, 4(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40639-017-0033-3CrossRef

Goldberg, S. B., Tucker, R. P., Greene, P. A., Davidson, R. J., Wampold, B. E., Kearney, D. J., & Simpson, T. L. (2018). Mindfulness-based interventions for psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 59, 52–60. https://doi.org/10.31231/osf.io/etghnCrossRefPubMed

Goodfellow, B., Kõlves, K., & De Leo, D. (2020). Contemporary classifications of suicidal behaviors: A systematic literature review. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 41(3), 179. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12457CrossRef

Gu, J., Baer, R., Cavanagh, K., Kuyken, W., & Strauss, C. (2020). Development and psychometric properties of the Sussex-Oxford compassion scales (SOCS). Assessment, 27(1), 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191119860911CrossRefPubMed

Hamza, C. A., Stewart, S. L., & Willoughby, T. (2012). Examining the link between nonsuicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior: A review of the literature and an integrated model. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(6), 482–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.05.003CrossRefPubMed

Hanley, A. W., & Garland, E. L. (2017). The mindful personality: A meta-analysis from a cybernetic perspective. Mindfulness, 8(6), 1456–1470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0736-8CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

^*Hashemi, R., Moustafa, A. A., Rahmati Kankat, L., & Valikhani, A. (2018). Mindfulness and suicide ideation in Iranian cardiovascular patients: Testing the mediating role of patience. Psychological Reports, 121(6), 1037-1052. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294117746990

^*Hasking, P., Boyes, M. E., Finlay-Jones, A., McEvoy, P. M., & Rees, C. S. (2019). Common pathways to NSSI and suicide ideation: The roles of rumination and self-compassion. Archives of Suicide Research, 23(2), 247-260. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2018.1468836

^*Hatchel, T., Merrin, G. J., Espelage, & Dorothy. (2019). Peer victimization and suicidality among LGBTQ youth: The roles of school belonging, self-compassion, and parental support. Journal of LGBT Youth, 16(2), 134-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361653.2018.1543036

Hawton, K., & Harriss, L. (2008). The changing gender ratio in occurrence of deliberate self-harm across the lifecycle. Crisis, 29(1), 4–10. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.29.1.4CrossRefPubMed

Hawton, K., Bergen, H., Cooper, J., Turnbull, P., Waters, K., Ness, J., & Kapur, N. (2015). Suicide following self-harm: Findings from the multicentre study of self-harm in England, 2000–2012. Journal of Affective Disorders, 175, 147–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.062CrossRefPubMed

Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(6), 1152. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.64.6.1152CrossRefPubMed

Heath, N., Toste, J., Nedecheva, T., & Charlebois, A. (2008). An examination of nonsuicidal self-injury among college students. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 30(2), 137–156. https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.30.2.8p879p3443514678CrossRef

Hedegaard, H., & Warner, M. (2021). Suicide mortality in the United States, 1999-2019. 10.15620/cdc:101761

Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (2014). Statistical methods for meta-analysis. Academic press.

Horváth, L. O., Győri, D., Komáromy, D., Mészáros, G., Szentiványi, D., & Balázs, J. (2020). Nonsuicidal self-injury and suicide: The role of life events in clinical and non-clinical populations of adolescents. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 370. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00370CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

International Society for the Study of Self-Injury (ISSS) (2007). Definitional issues surrounding our understanding of self-injury. Conference proceedings from the annual meeting.

Inwood, E., & Ferrari, M. (2018). Mechanisms of change in the relationship between self-compassion, emotion regulation, and mental health: A systematic review. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 10(2), 215–235. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12127CrossRef

^*Jiang, Y., You, J., Zheng, X., & Lin, M.-P. (2017). The qualities of attachment with significant others and self-compassion protect adolescents from non suicidal self-injury. School Psychology Quarterly, 32(2), 143. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000187

John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2004). Healthy and unhealthy emotion regulation: Personality processes, individual differences, and life span development. Journal of Personality, 72(6), 1301–1334. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00298.xCrossRefPubMed

Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Constructivism in the Human Sciences, 8(2), 73.

^*Kaniuka, A. R., Job, S. A., Brooks, B. D., & Williams, S. L. (2020a). Gratitude and lower suicidal ideation among sexual minority individuals: Theoretical mechanisms of the protective role of attention to the positive. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2020.1818814

^*Kaniuka, A. R., Kelliher-Rabon, J., Chang, E. C., Sirois, F. M., & Hirsch, J. K. (2020b). Symptoms of anxiety and depression and suicidal behavior in college students: Conditional indirect effects of non-suicidal self-injury and self-compassion. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 34(4), 316-338. https://doi.org/10.1080/87568225.2019.1601048

Karyadi, K. A., VanderVeen, J. D., & Cyders, M. A. (2014). A meta-analysis of the relationship between trait mindfulness and substance use behaviors. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 143, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.07.014CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

^*Kelley, M. L., Bravo, A. J., Davies, R. L., Hamrick, H. C., Vinci, C., & Redman, J. C. (2019). Moral injury and suicidality among combat-wounded veterans: The moderating effects of social connectedness and self-compassion. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 11(6), 621. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000447

Kelliher-Rabon, J., Sirois, F. M., & Hirsch, J. K. (2018). Self-compassion and suicidal behavior in college students: Serial indirect effects via depression and wellness behaviors. Journal of American College Health, 66(2), 114–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2017.1382498CrossRefPubMed

^*Kelliher-Rabon, J., Sirois, F. M., Barton, A. L., & Hirsch, J. K. (2021). Self-compassion and suicidal behavior: Indirect effects of depression, anxiety, and hopelessness across increasingly vulnerable samples. Self and Identity, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2021.1884592

Khoury, B. (2019). Compassion: Embodied and embedded. Mindfulness, 10(11), 2363–2374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01211-wCrossRef

Khoury, B., Lecomte, T., Fortin, G., Masse, M., Therien, P., Bouchard, V., Chapleau, M.-A., Paquin, K., & Hofmann, S. G. (2013a). Mindfulness-based therapy: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(6), 763–771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2013.05.005CrossRefPubMed

Khoury, B., Lecomte, T., Gaudiano, B. A., & Paquin, K. (2013b). Mindfulness interventions for psychosis: A meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research, 150(1), 176–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2013.07.055CrossRefPubMed

Kiekens, G., Hasking, P., Boyes, M., Claes, L., Mortier, P., Auerbach, R. P., Kessler, R. C., Myin-Germeys, I., Nock, M. K., & Bruffaerts, R. (2018). The associations between non-suicidal self-injury and first onset suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Journal of Affective Disorders, 239, 171–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.06.033CrossRefPubMed

Kirby, J. N., & Gilbert, P. (2019). Commentary regarding Wilson et al.(2018) “effectiveness of ‘self-compassion’ related therapies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.” All is not as it seems. Mindfulness, 10(6), 1006–1016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-1088-8CrossRef

Klonsky, E. D., May, A. M., & Glenn, C. R. (2013). The relationship between nonsuicidal self-injury and attempted suicide: converging evidence from four samples. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122(1), 231. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030278CrossRefPubMed

Klonsky, E. D., Saffer, B. Y., & Bryan, C. J. (2018). Ideation-to-action theories of suicide: a conceptual and empirical update. Current Opinion in Psychology, 22, 38–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.07.020CrossRefPubMed

Kuentzel, J. G., Arble, E., Boutros, N., Chugani, D., & Barnett, D. (2012). Nonsuicidal self-injury in an ethnically diverse college sample. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(3), 291. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01167.xCrossRef

^*Lamis, D. A., & Dvorak, R. D. (2014). Mindfulness, nonattachment, and suicide rumination in college students: The mediating role of depressive symptoms. Mindfulness, 5(5), 487-496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-013-0203-0

Lin, Y., Fisher, M. E., Roberts, S. M., & Moser, J. S. (2016). Deconstructing the emotion regulatory properties of mindfulness: an electrophysiological investigation. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10, 451. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00451CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Liu, R. T., Sheehan, A. E., Walsh, R. F., Sanzari, C. M., Cheek, S. M., & Hernandez, E. M. (2019). Prevalence and correlates of non-suicidal self-injury among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 74, 101783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101783CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

^*Liu, A., Wang, W., & Wu, X. (2020). Understanding the relation between self-compassion and suicide risk among adolescents in a post-disaster context: Mediating roles of gratitude and posttraumatic stress disorder. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1541. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01541

^*Lu, R., Zhou, Y., Wu, Q., Peng, X., Dong, J., Zhu, Z., & Xu, W. (2019). The effects of mindfulness training on suicide ideation among left-behind children in China: A randomized controlled trial. Child: Care, Health and Development, 45(3), 371-379. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12650

Luthar, S. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2000). The construct of resilience: Implications for interventions and social policies. Development and Psychopathology, 12(4), 857–885. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400004156CrossRefPubMedCentral

Lutz, J., Herwig, U., Opialla, S., Hittmeyer, A., Jäncke, L., Rufer, M., et al. (2014). Mindfulness and emotion regulation—An fMRI study. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9(6), 776–785. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nst043CrossRefPubMed

MacBeth, A., & Gumley, A. (2012). Exploring compassion: A meta-analysis of the association between self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(6), 545–552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.06.003CrossRefPubMed

^*MacIsaac, J. (2019). Group separation and classification of non-suicidal self-injury in a university student population. Dissertation: University of Windsor (Canada)

May, A. M., & Klonsky, E. D. (2016). What distinguishes suicide attempters from suicide ideators? A meta-analysis of potential factors. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 23(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0101735CrossRef

McIntyre, R. S., & Lee, Y. (2020a). Preventing suicide in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. World Psychiatry, 19(2), 250. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20767CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

McIntyre, R. S., & Lee, Y. (2020b). Projected increases in suicide in Canada as a consequence of COVID-19. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113492CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

^*McMain, S. F., Guimond, T., Barnhart, R., Habinski, L., & Streiner, D. L. (2017). A randomized trial of brief dialectical behaviour therapy skills training in suicidal patients suffering from borderline disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 135(2), 138-148. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12664

Miranda-Mendizabal, A., Castellví, P., Parés-Badell, O., Alayo, I., Almenara, J., Alonso, I., Blasco, M. J., Cebrià, A., Gabilondo, A., Gili, M., Lagares, C., Piqueras, J. A., Rodríguez-Jiménez, T., Rodríguez-Marín, J., Roca, M., Soto-Sanz, V., Vilagut, G., & Alonso, J. (2019). Gender differences in suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. International Journal of Public Health, 64(2), 265–283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-018-1196-1CrossRefPubMed

^*Mohammadkhani, P., Khanipour, H., Azadmehr, H., Mobramm, A., & Naseri, E. (2015). Trait mindfulness, reasons for living and general symptom severity as predictors of suicide probability in males with substance abuse or dependence. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 10(1), 56.

Morgan, B. M. (2017). Stress management for college students: An experiential multi-modal approach. Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, 12(3), 276–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/15401383.2016.1245642CrossRef

Muehlenkamp, J. J., & Brausch, A. M. (2019). Protective factors do not moderate risk for past-year suicide attempts conferred by recent NSSI. Journal of Affective Disorders, 245, 321–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.013CrossRefPubMed

Muris, P., & Otgaar, H. (2020). The process of science: A critical evaluation of more than 15 years of research on self-compassion with the Self-Compassion Scale. Mindfulness, 11(6), 1469–1482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01363-0CrossRef

Muris, P., van den Broek, M., Otgaar, H., Oudenhoven, I., & Lennartz, J. (2018). Good and bad sides of self-compassion: A face validity check of the Self-Compassion Scale and an investigation of its relations to coping and emotional symptoms in non-clinical adolescents. Journal of Child and Family studies, 27(8), 2411–2421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1099-zCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

^*Nagy, L. M. (2017). An experimental investigation of the effects of self-compassion and self-criticism on implicit associations with non-suicidal self-injury. Dissertation: University of Kentucky

Neff, K. (2003a). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309032CrossRef

Neff, K. D. (2003b). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027CrossRef

Neff, K. D., & McGehee, P. (2010). Self-compassion and psychological resilience among adolescents and young adults. Self and Identity, 9(3), 225–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860902979307CrossRef

Nielssen, O., Wallace, D., & Large, M. (2017). Pokorny's complaint: The insoluble problem of the overwhelming number of false positives generated by suicide risk assessment. BJPsych Bulletin, 41(1), 18–20. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.115.053017CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Nock, M. K., Borges, G., Bromet, E. J., Cha, C. B., Kessler, R. C., & Lee, S. (2008). Suicide and suicidal behavior. Epidemiologic Reviews, 30(1), 133–154. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxn002CrossRefPubMed

Ogden, P., Minton, K., & Pain, C. (2006). Trauma and the body: A sensorimotor approach to psychotherapy (norton series on interpersonal neurobiology). WW Norton & Company.

Ouzzani, M., Hammady, H., Fedorowicz, Z., & Elmagarmid, A. (2016). Rayyan—A web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews, 5(1), 210. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Paez, A. (2017). Gray literature: An important resource in systematic reviews. Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 10(3), 233–240. https://doi.org/10.1111/jebm.12266CrossRefPubMed

Paul, E., Tsypes, A., Eidlitz, L., Ernhout, C., & Whitlock, J. (2015). Frequency and functions of non-suicidal self-injury: Associations with suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Psychiatry Research, 225(3), 276–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.12.026CrossRefPubMed

^*Paulus, D. J., Kauffman, B. Y., Garey, L., Jardin, C., Manning, K., Bakhshaie, J., Garza, M., Ochoa-Perez, M., Lemaire, C., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2018). Examining the synergistic effects of two transdiagnostic vulnerability factors in relation to anxiety and depressive symptoms and disorders among Latinos in a community health care setting. Behavior Modification, 42(5), 661-683. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445517725867

^*Per, M., Simundic, A., Argento, A., Khoury, B., & Heath, N. (2021). Examining the relationship between mindfulness, self-compassion, and emotion regulation in self-injury. Archives of Suicide Research, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2021.1885534

^*Possemato, K., Bergen-Cico, D., Treatman, S., Allen, C., Wade, M., & Pigeon, W. (2016). A randomized clinical trial of primary care brief mindfulness training for veterans with PTSD. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 72(3), 179-193. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22241

^*Rabon, J. K., Hirsch, J. K., Kaniuka, A. R., Sirois, F., Brooks, B. D., & Neff, K. (2019). Self-compassion and suicide risk in veterans: When the going gets tough, do the tough benefit more from self-compassion? Mindfulness, 10(12), 2544-2554. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01221-8

Rajappa, K., Gallagher, M., & Miranda, R. (2012). Emotion dysregulation and vulnerability to suicidal ideation and attempts. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36(6), 833–839. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-011-9419-2CrossRef

Ribeiro, J., Franklin, J., Fox, K. R., Bentley, K., Kleiman, E. M., Chang, B., & Nock, M. K. (2016). Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors as risk factors for future suicide ideation, attempts, and death: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Medicine, 46(2), 225–236. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291715001804CrossRefPubMed

^*Riquino, M. R. (2019). A mixed methods investigation of attention and mindfulness among young adults with a history of nonsuicidal self-injury. Dissertation: The University of Utah

Rosenthal, R., & Rubin, D. B. (1988). [Selection models and the file drawer problem]: comment: assumptions and procedures in the file drawer problem. Statistical Science, 3(1), 120–125. https://doi.org/10.1214/ss/1177013014CrossRef

^*Roush, J. F., Mitchell, S. M., Brown, S. L., & Cukrowicz, K. C. (2018). Thwarted interpersonal needs mediate the relation between facets of mindfulness and suicide ideation among psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatry Research, 265, 167-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.04.026

Ruch, D. A., Sheftall, A. H., Schlagbaum, P., Rausch, J., Campo, J. V., & Bridge, J. A. (2019). Trends in suicide among youth aged 10 to 19 years in the United States, 1975 to 2016. JAMA network open, 2(5), e193886–e193886. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.3886CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Rufino, N. C., Fidalgo, T. M., Dos Santos, J. P., Tardelli, V. S., Lima, M. G., Frick, L. P., Mirkovic, B., da Silveira, D. X., & Cohen, D. (2021). Treatment compliance and risk and protective factors for suicide ideation to completed suicide in adolescents: A systematic review. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1026

Schmelefske, E., Per, M., Khoury, B., & Heath, N. (2020). The effects of mindfulness-based interventions on suicide outcomes: A meta-analysis. Archives of Suicide Research, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1833796

^*Serrano, D. M., Rufino, K. A., Tran, J. K., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2020). Association between sleep disturbances and suicide risk among firefighters: The moderating role of mindfulness. Mindfulness, 11(12), 2793-2803. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01491-7

Serras, A., Saules, K. K., Cranford, J. A., & Eisenberg, D. (2010). Self-injury, substance use, and associated risk factors in a multi-campus probability sample of college students. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 24(1), 119. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017210CrossRefPubMed

^*Servaty-Seib, H. L., Williams, P., & Liew, C. H. (2021). Interpersonal and intrapersonal predictors of suicidal thoughts and actions in first-year college students. Journal of American College Health, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2021.1904950

Shahram, S. Z., Smith, M. L., Ben-David, S., Feddersen, M., Kemp, T. E., & Plamondon, K. (2021). Promoting “zest for life”: A systematic literature review of resiliency factors to prevent youth Ssuicide. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 31(1), 4–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12588CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Shepard, D. S., Gurewich, D., Lwin, A. K., Reed Jr., G. A., & Silverman, M. M. (2016). Suicide and suicidal attempts in the United States: Costs and policy implications. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 46(3), 352–362. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12225CrossRefPubMed

Sher, L. (2019). Resilience as a focus of suicide research and prevention. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 140(2), 169–180. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13059CrossRefPubMed

^*Shorey, R. C., Elmquist, J., Wolford-Clevenger, C., Gawrysiak, M. J., Anderson, S., & Stuart, G. L. (2016). The relationship between dispositional mindfulness, borderline personality features, and suicidal ideation in a sample of women in residential substance use treatment. Psychiatry Research, 238, 122-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.040

Silverman, M. M., Berman, A. L., Sanddal, N. D., O'carroll, P. W., & Joiner Jr., T. E. (2007). Rebuilding the tower of Babel: a revised nomenclature for the study of suicide and suicidal behaviors. Part 2: Suicide-related ideations, communications, and behaviors. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 37(3), 264–277. https://doi.org/10.1521/suli.2007.37.3.264CrossRefPubMed

^*Song, H. S., & Bae, S. M. (2020). The moderating effects of the facets of mindfulness on the relationship between daily life stress and suicidal ideation among Korean college students. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00345-6

^*Stanley, I. H., Boffa, J. W., Tran, J. K., Schmidt, N. B., Joiner, T. E., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2019). Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and mindfulness facets in relation to suicide risk among firefighters. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 75(4), 696-709. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22748

Strauss, C., Taylor, B. L., Gu, J., Kuyken, W., Baer, R., Jones, F., & Cavanagh, K. (2016). What is compassion and how can we measure it? A review of definitions and measures. Clinical Psychology Review, 47, 15–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.05.004CrossRefPubMed

Swannell, S. V., Martin, G. E., Page, A., Hasking, P., & St John, N. J. (2014). Prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury in nonclinical samples: Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 44(3), 273–303. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12070CrossRefPubMed

Taliaferro, L. A., & Muehlenkamp, J. J. (2014). Risk and protective factors that distinguish adolescents who attempt suicide from those who only consider suicide in the past year. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 44(1), 6–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12046CrossRefPubMed

^*Tanaka, M., Wekerle, C., Schmuck, M. L., Paglia-Boak, A., & Team, M. R. (2011). The linkages among childhood maltreatment, adolescent mental health, and self-compassion in child welfare adolescents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 35(10), 887-898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.07.003

Tang, J., Li, G., Chen, B., Huang, Z., Zhang, Y., Chang, H., Wu, C., Ma, X., Wang, J., & Yu, Y. (2018). Prevalence of and risk factors for non-suicidal self-injury in rural China: Results from a nationwide survey in China. Journal of Affective Disorders, 226, 188–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.09.051CrossRefPubMed

Teismann, T., Forkmann, T., Glaesmer, H., Egeri, L., & Margraf, J. (2016). Remission of suicidal thoughts: Findings from a longitudinal epidemiological study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 190, 723–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.066CrossRefPubMed

Tøllefsen, I. M., Hem, E., & Ekeberg, Ø. (2012). The reliability of suicide statistics: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry, 12(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244x-12-9CrossRef

Tomlinson, E. R., Yousaf, O., Vittersø, A. D., & Jones, L. (2018). Dispositional mindfulness and psychological health: A systematic review. Mindfulness, 9(1), 23–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0762-6CrossRefPubMed

^*Tucker, R. P., O’Keefe, V. M., Cole, A. B., Rhoades-Kerswill, S., Hollingsworth, D. W., Helle, A. C., DeShong, H. L., Mullins-Sweatt, S. N., & Wingate, L. R. (2014). Mindfulness tempers the impact of personality on suicidal ideation. Personality and Individual Differences, 68, 229-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.05.001

^*Tuna, E., & Gençöz, T. (2021). Pain perception, distress tolerance and self-compassion in Turkish young adults with and without a history of non-suicidal self-injury. Current Psychology, 40(8), 4143-4155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00634-2

Turner, B. J., Layden, B. K., Butler, S. M., & Chapman, A. L. (2013). How often, or how many ways: Xlarifying the relationship between non-suicidal self-injury and suicidality. Archives of Suicide Research, 17(4), 397–415. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2013.802660CrossRefPubMed

Turner, B. J., Austin, S. B., & Chapman, A. L. (2014). Treating nonsuicidal self-injury: A systematic review of psychological and pharmacological interventions. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 59(11), 576–585. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674371405901103CrossRefPubMed

^*Umphrey, L. R., Sherblom, J. C., & Swiatkowski, P. (2021). Relationship of self-compassion, hope, and emotional control to perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and suicidal ideation. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 42(2), 121. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000697

Van Geel, M., Vedder, P., & Tanilon, J. (2014). Relationship between peer victimization, cyberbullying, and suicide in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 168(5), 435–442. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.4143CrossRefPubMed

Van Vliet, K., & Kalnins, G. (2011). A compassion-focused approach to nonsuicidal self-injury. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 33(4), 295–311. https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.33.4.j7540338q223t417CrossRef

Victor, S. E., & Klonsky, E. D. (2014). Correlates of suicide attempts among self-injurers: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 34(4), 282–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2014.03.005CrossRefPubMed

^*Vigna, A. (2016). Self-compassion as a resilience factor in gender and sexual minority youth. Dissertation: The University of Wisconsin-Madison

Vujanovic, A. A., Bonn-Miller, M. O., Bernstein, A., McKee, L. G., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2010). Incremental validity of mindfulness skills in relation to emotional dysregulation among a young adult community sample. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 39(3), 203–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506070903441630CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

^*Wang, J., Häusermann, M., & Ambresin, A.-E. (2018). Mindfulness and other psycho-social resources protective against mental illness and suicidality among gay men. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 361. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00361

^*Warner, A. (2015). Mindfulness as a protective factor for the relationship between self-injury and suicide. Dissertation: The Florida State University

^*Watson-Singleton, N. N., Walker, J. H., LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). Psychometric evaluation of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in a clinical sample of African Americans. Mindfulness, 9(1), 312-324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0776-0

Weissman, M. M., Bland, R. C., Canino, G. J., Greenwald, S., Hwu, H.-G., Joyce, P. R., Karam, E. G., Lee, C.-K., Lellouch, J., Lepine, J.-P., Newman, S. C., Rubio-Stipec, M., Wells, J. E., Wickramaratne, P. J., Wittchen, H.-U., & Yeh, E.-K. (1999). Prevalence of suicide ideation and suicide attempts in nine countries. Psychological Medicine, 29(1), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291798007867CrossRefPubMed

Whitlock, J., Eckenrode, J., & Silverman, D. (2006). Self-injurious behaviors in a college population. Pediatrics, 117(6), 1939–1948. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-2543CrossRefPubMed

World Health Organization (2017). Preventing suicide: A resource for media professionals. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/258814

World Health Organization. (2018). National suicide prevention strategies: Progress, examples and indicators. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/279765.

^*Wu, N., Hou, Y., Chen, P., & You, J. (2019). Peer acceptance and nonsuicidal self-injury among Chinese adolescents: A longitudinal moderated mediation model. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48(9), 1806-1817. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-01093-0

^*Xavier, A., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Cunha, M. (2016). The protective role of self-compassion on risk factors for non-suicidal self-injury in adolescence. School Mental Health, 8(4), 476-485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-016-9197-9

Yarnell, L. M., Neff, K. D., Davidson, O. A., & Mullarkey, M. (2019). Gender differences in self-compassion: Examining the role of gender role orientation. Mindfulness, 10(6), 1136–1152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-1066-1CrossRef

You, J., Ren, Y., Zhang, X., Wu, Z., Xu, S., & Lin, M.-P. (2018). Emotional dysregulation and nonsuicidal self-injury: A meta-analytic review. Neuropsychiatry, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.4172/neuropsychiatry.1000399

^*Zeifman, R. J., Ip, J., Antony, M. M., & Kuo, J. R. (2021). On loving thyself: Exploring the association between self-compassion, self-reported suicidal behaviors, and implicit suicidality among college students. Journal of American college health, 69(4), 396-403. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2019.1679154

Zelkowitz, R. L., & Cole, D. A. (2019). Self-criticism as a transdiagnostic process in nonsuicidal self-injury and disordered eating: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 49(1), 310–327. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12436CrossRefPubMed

^*Zeng, W., Ma, Z., & Li, H. (2017). Mindfulness and suicidal ideation in Chinese older adults: Perceived stress as mediator. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 45(5), 733-740. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.5807

^*Zhang, H., Liu, M., & Long, H. (2021). Child maltreatment and suicide ideation in rural China: The roles of self-compassion and school belonging. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 38(3), 325-335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-020-00679-z

Titel: Mindfulness, Self-compassion, Self-injury, and Suicidal thoughts and Behaviors: a Correlational Meta-analysis
Auteurs: Megan Per
Emma Schmelefske
Kyla Brophy
Sara Beth Austin
Bassam Khoury
Publicatiedatum: 31-01-2022
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness / Uitgave 4/2022
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-021-01815-1

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Meta-analysis registration

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2022

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Intervention and Emotional Recovery in Borderline Personality Features: Evidence from Psychophysiological Assessment

Adult Attachment and Sleep Disturbance: the Role of the Facets of Mindfulness

Individual Differences in Dispositional Mindfulness Predict Attentional Networks and Vigilance Performance

Effects of a Mindfulness Program on Stress and Psychological Outcomes Among Cancer Survivors: a Quasi-Experimental Study

Interpersonal Mindfulness Questionnaire: Scale Development and Validation

Situating Mindfulness, Part 2: Early Buddhist Soteriology