Top

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

Gepubliceerd in:

01-05-2008 | Original Paper

Mind-Reading in Young Adults with ASD: Does Structure Matter?

Auteurs: Koen Ponnet, Ann Buysse, Herbert Roeyers, Armand De Clercq

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 5/2008

Abstract

This study further elaborates on the mind-reading impairments of young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The hypothesis is that differences in mind-reading abilities between subjects with ASD and control subjects become more apparent when they have to infer thoughts and feelings of other persons in a less structured or more chaotic conversation, than when they have to do so in a more structured conversation. Conform to the empathic accuracy design, subjects viewed two videotaped interactions depicting two strangers and attempted to infer thoughts and feelings. One of the videotaped conversations was less structured than in the other. The results underscore the significance of structure to the mind-reading abilities of young adults with ASD.

vorige artikel Effectiveness of a Manualized Summer Social Treatment Program for High-Functioning Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

volgende artikel Typical Emotion Processing for Cartoon but not for Real Faces in Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

Sample sentences uttered by the targets in the second videotape were: “We have to know each other very well, so tell me everything about your studies”, “What’s the next question on the list?” or “Do we share some interests?” (see Appendix A).

The 13 items were synonyms or were connected semantically with each other (e.g. “structured”, “organized“, “surveyable”, “coherent”, and “predictable”).

A non-parametric test (Mann–Whitney U) revealed similar results, with z = −3.35, p ≤ 0.001 for video 1 and z = −1.66, ns, for video 2. The mean rank for the controls was 28.98 on video 1 and 25.70 on video 2, while the mean rank for the ASD group was 16.02 on video 1 and 19.30 on video 2.

\( \begin{aligned}{} z_{1} - z_{2} \\ \overline{{{\sqrt {{\frac{1} {{n_{1} - 3}} + \frac{1} {{n_{2} - 3}}} }}}} . \\ \end{aligned} \)

American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed., rev.). Washington, DC: Author.

American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., rev.). Washington, DC: Author.

Baron-Cohen S. (2003). The essential difference: The truth about the male and female brain. NY: Basic Books.

Baron-Cohen, S., Jolliffe, T., Mortimore, C., & Robertson, M. (1997). Another advanced test of theory of mind: Evidence from high-functioning adults with autism or Asperger syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 813–822.PubMedCrossRef

Baron-Cohen, S., Tager-Flusberg, H., & Cohen, J. (2000). Understanding other minds: Perspectives from developmental cognitive neuroscience. Oxford: University Press.

Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Hill, J., Raste, Y., & Plumb, I. (2001). The “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” Test revised version: A study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42, 241–253.PubMedCrossRef

Bauminger, N., & Kasari, C. (1999). Brief report: Theory of mind in high-functioning children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29, 81–86.PubMedCrossRef

Bauminger, N., & Shulman, C. (2003). The development and maintenance of friendship in high-functioning children with autism. Maternal perceptions. Autism, 7, 81–97.

Bishop, D. (2000). What’s so special about Asperger syndrome ? The need for further exploration of the borderlands of autism. In A. Klin, F. Volkmar, & S. Sparrow (Eds.), Asperger syndrome (pp. 254–277). New York: Guilford Press.

Bowler, D. M. (1992). ‘Theory of mind’ in Asperger’s syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 33, 877–893.PubMedCrossRef

Boucher, J. (1989). The theory of mind hypothesis of autism: Explanation, evidence and assessment. British Journal of Disorders of Communication, 24, 181–198.PubMedCrossRef

Buysse, A., & Ickes, W. (1999). Topic-relevant cognition and empathic accuracy in laboratory discussions of safer sex. Psychology and Health, 14, 351–366.CrossRef

Dahlgren, S., & Trillingsgaard, A. (1996). Theory of mind in non-retarded children with autism and Asperger’s syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37, 759–763.PubMedCrossRef

De Clercq, A., Buysse, A., Roeyers, H., Ickes, W., Ponnet, K., & Verhofstadt, L. (2001). VIDANN: A video annotation system. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 33, 159–166.PubMed

Dziobek, I., Fleck, S., Kalbe, E., Rogers, K., Hassenstab, J., Brand, M., Kessler, J., Woike, J., Wolf, T., & Convit, A. (2006). Introducing MASC: A movie for the assessment of social cognition. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 623–636.PubMedCrossRef

Eisenberg, N., Murphy, B., & Shepard, S. (1997). The development of empathic accuracy. In Ickes, W. (Ed.), Empathic accuracy (pp. 73–116). New York: Guilford Press.

Eisenberg, N., Shea, C. L., Carlo, G., & Knight, G. (1991). Empathy-related responding and cognition: A “chicken and the egg” dilemma. In W. Kurtines, & J. Gewirtz (Eds.), Handbook of moral behavior and development: Vol. 2. Research (pp. 63–68). Hillsdale NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Gillberg, C., Nordin, V., & Ehlers, S. (1996). Early detection of autism. Diagnostic instrument for clinicians. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 5, 67–74.CrossRef

Golan, O., Baron-Cohen, S., & Hill, J. (2006). The Cambridge mindreading (CAM) face-voice battery: Testing complex emotion recognition in adults with and without Asperger syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 169–183.PubMedCrossRef

Grossman, J., Klin, A., Carter, A., & Volkmar, F. (2000). Verbal bias in the recognition of facial emotions in children with Asperger syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 41, 369–379.CrossRef

Happé, F. (1994a). An advanced test of theory of mind: Understanding of story characters’ thoughts and feelings by able autistic, mentally handicapped, and normal children and adults. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 129–154.PubMedCrossRef

Happé, F. (1994b). Autism: An introduction to psychological theory. London: University College London Press.

Happé, F. (1995). The role of age and verbal ability in the theory of mind task performance of subjects with autism. Child Development, 66, 843–855.PubMedCrossRef

Hays, W. L. (1994). Statistics. Fifth edition. Orlando: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.

Heavey, L., Phillips, W., Baron-Cohen, S., & Rutter, M. (2000). The awkward moment test: A naturalistic measure of social understanding in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 225–236.PubMedCrossRef

Howlin, P. (1997). Autism: Preparing for Adulthood. New York: Routledge.

Ickes, W. (1993). Empathic Accuracy. Journal of Personality, 61, 587–610.CrossRef

Ickes, W., Bissonnette, V., Garcia, S., & Stinson, L. L. (1990a). Implementing and using the dyadic interaction paradigm. In C. Hendrick, & M. S. Clark (Eds.), Review of personality and social psychology: Research methods in personality and social psychology (Vol. 11, pp. 16–44). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Ickes, W., Buysse, A., Pham, H., Rivers, K., Erickson, J., Hancock, M., Kelleher, J., & Gesn, P. (2000). On the difficulty of distinguishing ‘good’ and ‘poor’ perceivers: A social relations analysis of empathic accuracy data. Personal Relationships, 7, 219–234.CrossRef

Ickes, W., Stinson, L., Bissonnette, V., & Garcia, S. (1990b). Naturalistic social cognition: Empathic accuracy in mixed-sex dyads. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 730–742.CrossRef

Ickes, W., Robertson, E., Tooke, W., & Teng, G. (1986). Naturalistic social cognition: Methodology, assessment and validation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 66–82.CrossRef

Kenny, D. (1994). Interpersonal perception: A social relations analysis. New York: Guilford Press.

Kleinman, J., Marciano, P., & Ault, R. (2001). Advanced theory of mind in high-functioning adults with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31, 29–36.PubMedCrossRef

Klin, A., & Jones, W. (2006). Attributing social and physical meaning to ambiguous visual displays in individuals with higher-functioning autism spectrum disorders. Brain and Cognition, 61, 40–53.PubMedCrossRef

Klin, A, Jones, W., Schultz, R., Volkmar, F., & Cohen, D. (2002). Visual fixation patterns during viewing of naturalistic social situations as predictors of social competence in individuals with autism. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59, 809–816.PubMedCrossRef

Lord, C. (1993) The complexity of social behaviour in autism. In S. Baron-Cohen, H. Tager-Flusberg, & D. Cohen (Eds.), Understanding other minds (pp. 292–316). New York: Oxford University Press.

Marangoni, C., Garcia, S., Ickes, W., & Teng, G. (1995). Empathic accuracy in a clinically relevant setting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 854–869.PubMedCrossRef

Mayes, S., & Calhoun, S. (2001). Non-significance of early speech delay in children with autism and normal intelligence and implications for DSM-IV Asperger’s disorder. Autism, 5, 81–94.PubMedCrossRef

Mesibov, G. (1992). Treatment issues with high-functioning adolescents and adults with autism. In E. Schopler, & G. Mesibov (Eds.), High-functioning individuals with autism (pp. 143–156). New York: Plenum Press.

Mesibov, G., & Shea, V. (2001). Understanding Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Perner, J., & Wimmer, H. (1985). “John thinks tha Mary thinks that...“ Attribution of second order beliefs by 5–10 year old children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 39, 437–471.CrossRef

Ponnet, K., Roeyers, H., Buysse, A., De Clercq, A., & Van der Heyden, E. (2004). Advanced mind-reading in adults with Asperger syndrome. Autism, 8, 249–266.PubMedCrossRef

Premack, D., & Woodruff, G. (1978). Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? Behavioural and Brain Sciences, 4, 515–526.CrossRef

Prior, M. R., Dahlstrom, B., & Squires, T. L. (1990). Autistic children’s knowledge of thinking and feeling states in other people. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 31, 587–601.PubMedCrossRef

Roeyers, H., Buysse, A., Ponnet, K., & Pichal, B. (2001). Advancing advanced mind-reading tests: Empathic accuracy in adults with a pervasive developmental disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42, 271–278.PubMedCrossRef

Rutterford, M. D., Baron-Cohen, S., & Wheelwright, S. (2002). Reading the mind in the voice: A study with normal adults and adults with Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32, 189–194.CrossRef

Simpson, J. A., Ickes, W., & Blackstone, T. (1995). When the head protects the heart: Empathic accuracy in dating relationship. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 629–641.CrossRef

Sodian, B., & Frith, U. (1992). Deception and sabotage in autistic, retarded and normal children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 33, 591–605.PubMedCrossRef

Stinson, L., & Ickes, W. (1992). Empathic accuracy in the interactions of male friends versus male strangers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 787–797.PubMedCrossRef

Tager-Flusberg, H., & Sullivan, K. (1995). Attributing mental states to story characters: A comparison of narratives produced by autistic and mentally retarded individuals. Applied Psycholinguistics, 16, 241–256.CrossRef

Wechsler, D. (2000). WAIS-III: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test (3rd ed.). Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger.

Yirmiya, N., Solomonica-Levi, D., Shulman, C., & Pilowsky, T. (1996). Theory of mind abilities in individuals with autism, down syndrome, and mental retardation of unknown etiology: The role of age and intelligence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 37, 1003–1014.CrossRef

Zager, D. (1999). Autism: Identification, education, and treatment (2nd ed.). New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Titel: Mind-Reading in Young Adults with ASD: Does Structure Matter?
Auteurs: Koen Ponnet
Ann Buysse
Herbert Roeyers
Armand De Clercq
Publicatiedatum: 01-05-2008
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 5/2008
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-007-0462-5

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 5/2008

Typical Emotion Processing for Cartoon but not for Real Faces in Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders

Brief Report: Human Figure Drawings by Children with Asperger’s Syndrome

Effectiveness of a Manualized Summer Social Treatment Program for High-Functioning Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Effects of the Use of Visual Strategies in Play Groups for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and their Peers

Theory of Mind in Williams Syndrome Assessed Using a Nonverbal Task

Play Behavior and Attachment in Toddlers with Autism