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2014 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

4. Prenataal verworven kwetsbaarheid

Auteur : Bea Van den Bergh

Gepubliceerd in: Handboek klinische ontwikkelingspsychologie

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

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Genoom en epigenoom

Door toenemend inzicht en integratie van onderzoeksresultaten wijzen de ontwikkelingsneurowetenschappen steeds duidelijker op de kwetsbaarheid van een organisme in de prenatale levensperiode. Zij bieden ook cruciale informatie om problemen in de regulatie van cognities, emoties en gedrag in een zeer vroeg stadium, dit wil zeggen in de zwangerschap of nog vroeger, preventief aan te pakken. In dit hoofdstuk beschrijven we wat prenataal verworven kwetsbaarheid inhoudt. Na een korte weergave van de fasen in de typische prenatale ontwikkeling, die bepaald worden door het genoom, beschrijven we het belang van het epigenoom, dat kan worden opgevat als een tweede set van instructies die de originele werking van genen kan overschrijven. We gaan in op risicofactoren (zoals drugs, polluenten…) en schetsen hoe ze de prenatale (hersen)ontwikkeling negatief beïnvloeden. De mogelijk ontwikkeling en prognose van individuen die prenataal een kwetsbaarheid opliepen wordt geschetst voor nakomelingen van vrouwen die drugverslaafd zijn en voor nakomeling van vrouwen die hoogangstig zijn tijdens de zwangerschap. Ten slotte worden diverse pathogenetische mechanismen samengebracht in een model van ontwikkeling dat veerkracht of kwetsbaarheid als voorlopig eindpunt van het ontwikkelingspad ziet.
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Metagegevens
Titel
Prenataal verworven kwetsbaarheid
Auteur
Bea Van den Bergh
Copyright
2014
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-0495-0_4