Skip to main content
Top

2020 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

10. Andere verwerkingstechnieken bij trauma

Auteur : Martijn Stöfsel

Gepubliceerd in: Trauma en verwerkingstechnieken

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Samenvatting

In de vorige drie hoofdstukken zijn de drie grote verwerkingstechnieken beschreven: EMDR, IE en ImRs. In dit hoofdstuk worden tientallen andere verwerkingstechnieken besproken die genoemd worden in de Guidelines (2018) van de ISTSS. We bespreken alleen trauma focused technieken, gericht op individuele, voornamelijk volwassen cliënten (dus niet op paren of groepen) en geen zogenoemde ‘early interventions’. Bij elke verwerkingstechniek komen een korte beschrijving van de methode, het gebruik ervan in Nederland, recente wetenschappelijke publicaties en onderzoek aan de orde. Ook wordt besproken of de techniek is aanbevolen in de Nederlandse richtlijnen of de Guidelines van de ISTSS en worden de voornaamste werkingsmechanismen behandeld. De verwerkingstechnieken zijn geordend in een aantal categorieën: globale verwerkingstechnieken, cognitieve gedragstherapie, werkgeheugen belastende technieken, rescriptingachtige technieken, schrijfverwerkingstechnieken, combinatietechnieken, lichamelijk gerichte verwerkingstechnieken en een restcategorie.
Literatuur
go back to reference Arntz, A., Sofi, D., & Van Breukelen, G. (2013). Imagery rescripting as treatment for complicated PTSS in refugees: A multiple baseline case series study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51(6), 274–283.CrossRefPubMed Arntz, A., Sofi, D., & Van Breukelen, G. (2013). Imagery rescripting as treatment for complicated PTSS in refugees: A multiple baseline case series study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51(6), 274–283.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Bohlmeijer, E., Hulzinga, J., & Linssen, E. (2008). De verhalen die we leven. Draaiboek. Enschede: Universiteit van Twente. Bohlmeijer, E., Hulzinga, J., & Linssen, E. (2008). De verhalen die we leven. Draaiboek. Enschede: Universiteit van Twente.
go back to reference Bohlmeijer, E., & Westerhof, G. (2010). Op verhaal komen. Je autobiografie als bron van wijsheid. Amsterdam: Boom. Bohlmeijer, E., & Westerhof, G. (2010). Op verhaal komen. Je autobiografie als bron van wijsheid. Amsterdam: Boom.
go back to reference Brom, D., Stokar, Y., Lawi, C., Nuriel-Porat, V., Ziv, Y., Lerner, K., et al. (2017). Somatic experiencing for posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized controlled outcome study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 30, 304–312.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Brom, D., Stokar, Y., Lawi, C., Nuriel-Porat, V., Ziv, Y., Lerner, K., et al. (2017). Somatic experiencing for posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized controlled outcome study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 30, 304–312.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Butollo, W., Karl, R., König, J., & Rosner, R. (2016). A randomized controlled clinical trial of dialogical exposure therapy versus cognitive processing therapy for adult outpatients suffering from PTSD after type I trauma in adulthood. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 85, 16–26. Butollo, W., Karl, R., König, J., & Rosner, R. (2016). A randomized controlled clinical trial of dialogical exposure therapy versus cognitive processing therapy for adult outpatients suffering from PTSD after type I trauma in adulthood. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 85, 16–26.
go back to reference Church, D., & Feinstein, D. (2017). The manual stimulation of acupuncture points in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: A review of clinical emotional freedom techniques. Medical Acupuncture, 29(4), 194–205. Church, D., & Feinstein, D. (2017). The manual stimulation of acupuncture points in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: A review of clinical emotional freedom techniques. Medical Acupuncture, 29(4), 194–205.
go back to reference Church, D., Stern, S., Boath, E., Stewart, A., Feinstein, D., & Clond, M. (2017). Emotional freedom techniques to treat posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans: Review of the evidence, survey of practitioners, and proposed clinical guidelines. The Permanente Journal, 2017(21), 16–100. Church, D., Stern, S., Boath, E., Stewart, A., Feinstein, D., & Clond, M. (2017). Emotional freedom techniques to treat posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans: Review of the evidence, survey of practitioners, and proposed clinical guidelines. The Permanente Journal, 2017(21), 16–100.
go back to reference Cienfuegos, A., & Monelli, C. (1983). The testimony of political repression as a therapeutic instrument. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 53(1), 43–51.CrossRefPubMed Cienfuegos, A., & Monelli, C. (1983). The testimony of political repression as a therapeutic instrument. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 53(1), 43–51.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Cohen, J., Mannarino, A., & Deblinger, E. (Eds.). (2006). Trauma-focused CBT for children and adolescents: Treatment applications. New York: Guilford Press. Cohen, J., Mannarino, A., & Deblinger, E. (Eds.). (2006). Trauma-focused CBT for children and adolescents: Treatment applications. New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Cuijpers, P., Van Veen, S., Sijbrandij, M., Yoder, W., & Cristea, I. (2020). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for mental health problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 49(3), 165–180.CrossRefPubMed Cuijpers, P., Van Veen, S., Sijbrandij, M., Yoder, W., & Cristea, I. (2020). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for mental health problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 49(3), 165–180.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference De Roos, C., Van der Oord, S., Zijlstra, B., Lucassen, S., Perrin, S., Emmelkamp, P., et al. (2017). Comparison of EMDR therapy, cognitive behavioral writing therapy and wait-list in pediatric PTSD following single-incident trauma: A multi-center randomized clinical trial. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58(11), 1219‒1228. De Roos, C., Van der Oord, S., Zijlstra, B., Lucassen, S., Perrin, S., Emmelkamp, P., et al. (2017). Comparison of EMDR therapy, cognitive behavioral writing therapy and wait-list in pediatric PTSD following single-incident trauma: A multi-center randomized clinical trial. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58(11), 1219‒1228.
go back to reference Diepold, J. (2018). Integrating heart energy into psychotherapy: Heart assisted therapy (APA Poster Session, San Francisco, August 9). Diepold, J. (2018). Integrating heart energy into psychotherapy: Heart assisted therapy (APA Poster Session, San Francisco, August 9).
go back to reference Dossa, N., & Hatem, M. (2012). Cognitive-behavorial therapy versus other PTSD psychotherapies as treatment for woman victims of war related violence. A systematic review. The Scientific World Journal, 2012, 181847. Beschikbaar op: https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/181847. Dossa, N., & Hatem, M. (2012). Cognitive-behavorial therapy versus other PTSD psychotherapies as treatment for woman victims of war related violence. A systematic review. The Scientific World Journal, 2012, 181847. Beschikbaar op: https://​doi.​org/​10.​1100/​2012/​181847.
go back to reference Foa, E., Rothbaum, B., Riggs, D., & Murdock, T. (1991). Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in rape victims: A comparison between cognitive-behavioral procedures and counseling. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 715–723.CrossRefPubMed Foa, E., Rothbaum, B., Riggs, D., & Murdock, T. (1991). Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in rape victims: A comparison between cognitive-behavioral procedures and counseling. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 715–723.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Forman-Hoffman, V., Middleton, J., Feltner, C., Gaynes B., Weber, R, Bann, C., et al. (2018). Psychological and pharmacological treatments for adults with posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review update. Comparative Effectiveness Review, 207. Beschikbaar op: https://doi.org/10.23970/AHRQEPCCER207. Forman-Hoffman, V., Middleton, J., Feltner, C., Gaynes B., Weber, R, Bann, C., et al. (2018). Psychological and pharmacological treatments for adults with posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review update. Comparative Effectiveness Review, 207. Beschikbaar op: https://​doi.​org/​10.​23970/​AHRQEPCCER207.
go back to reference Ganzevoort, R., Bernts, T., Bouwer, J., Huizing, W., & Tromp, T. (2009). Levensboeken in de ouderenzorg. Eindrapport van het project ‘Het effect van het werken met levensboeken op het welbevinden van oudere zorgvragers, zorgverleners en mantelzorgers en op de organisatie van zorg; effectmeting, effectverklaring en implementatie van methode. Kampen: Protestantse Theologische Universiteit. Ganzevoort, R., Bernts, T., Bouwer, J., Huizing, W., & Tromp, T. (2009). Levensboeken in de ouderenzorg. Eindrapport van het project ‘Het effect van het werken met levensboeken op het welbevinden van oudere zorgvragers, zorgverleners en mantelzorgers en op de organisatie van zorg; effectmeting, effectverklaring en implementatie van methode. Kampen: Protestantse Theologische Universiteit.
go back to reference Gersons, B., Meewisse, M., Nijdam, M., & Olff, M. (2011). Protocol brief eclectic psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (BEPP). Amsterdam: Academisch Medisch Centrum, Universiteit van Amsterdam. Gersons, B., Meewisse, M., Nijdam, M., & Olff, M. (2011). Protocol brief eclectic psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (BEPP). Amsterdam: Academisch Medisch Centrum, Universiteit van Amsterdam.
go back to reference Graig, G. (2009). EFT for PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder. Fulton, CA: Energy Psychology Press. Graig, G. (2009). EFT for PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder. Fulton, CA: Energy Psychology Press.
go back to reference Grand, D. (2013). Brainspotting: The revolutionary new therapy for rapid and effective change. Boulder: Sounds True. Grand, D. (2013). Brainspotting: The revolutionary new therapy for rapid and effective change. Boulder: Sounds True.
go back to reference Gray, R., Budden-Potts, D., & Bourke, F. (2019). Reconsolidation of traumatic memories for PTSD: A randomized controlled trial of 74 male veterans. Psychothery Research, 29(5), 621–639.CrossRef Gray, R., Budden-Potts, D., & Bourke, F. (2019). Reconsolidation of traumatic memories for PTSD: A randomized controlled trial of 74 male veterans. Psychothery Research, 29(5), 621–639.CrossRef
go back to reference Greenwald, R. (2015). Progressive counting: The next trauma treatment of choice? International Journal of Trauma Research and Practice, 2(1), 31–33. Greenwald, R. (2015). Progressive counting: The next trauma treatment of choice? International Journal of Trauma Research and Practice, 2(1), 31–33.
go back to reference Greenwald, R., McClintock, S., & Bailey, T. (2013). A controlled comparison of eye movement desensitization & reprocessing and progressive counting. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 22(9), 981–996.CrossRef Greenwald, R., McClintock, S., & Bailey, T. (2013). A controlled comparison of eye movement desensitization & reprocessing and progressive counting. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 22(9), 981–996.CrossRef
go back to reference Hildebrand, A., Grand, D., & Stemmler, M. (2017). Brainspotting – The efficacy of a new therapy approach for the treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in comparison to Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 5, 1. Hildebrand, A., Grand, D., & Stemmler, M. (2017). Brainspotting – The efficacy of a new therapy approach for the treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in comparison to Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 5, 1.
go back to reference Huijbregts, K., Veeninga, A., & Hafkenscheid, A. (2008). Getuigenisbehandeling bij childsurvivors en nakomelingen van oorlogsslachtoffers: Een pilot-studie. Tijdschrift voor Psychotherapie, 34, 322–340.CrossRef Huijbregts, K., Veeninga, A., & Hafkenscheid, A. (2008). Getuigenisbehandeling bij childsurvivors en nakomelingen van oorlogsslachtoffers: Een pilot-studie. Tijdschrift voor Psychotherapie, 34, 322–340.CrossRef
go back to reference International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies (2018). Posttraumatic stress disorder, prevention and treatment guidelines, methodology and recommendations. Beschikbaar op: www.istss.org. International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies (2018). Posttraumatic stress disorder, prevention and treatment guidelines, methodology and recommendations. Beschikbaar op: www.​istss.​org.
go back to reference Jongedijk, R. (2014). Levensverhalen en psychotrauma, Narratieve Exposure Therapie in theorie en praktijk. Amsterdam: Boom. Jongedijk, R. (2014). Levensverhalen en psychotrauma, Narratieve Exposure Therapie in theorie en praktijk. Amsterdam: Boom.
go back to reference Kielhofner, G. (2004). Occupational performance history interview II. version 2.1. Chicago: MOHO Clearinghouse, University of Illinois. Kielhofner, G. (2004). Occupational performance history interview II. version 2.1. Chicago: MOHO Clearinghouse, University of Illinois.
go back to reference Kothgassner, O., Goreis, A., Kafka, J., Van Eickels, R., Plener, P., & Felnhofer, A. (2019). Virtual reality exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): A meta-analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 10(1). Kothgassner, O., Goreis, A., Kafka, J., Van Eickels, R., Plener, P., & Felnhofer, A. (2019). Virtual reality exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): A meta-analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 10(1).
go back to reference Landelijke Stuurgroep Multidisciplinaire Richtlijnontwikkeling in de ggz (2013). Multidisciplinaire richtlijn angststoornissen. Utrecht: Kwaliteitsinstituut voor de Gezondheidszorg CBO/Trimbos-instituut. Beschikbaar op: www.ggzrichtlijnen.nl. Landelijke Stuurgroep Multidisciplinaire Richtlijnontwikkeling in de ggz (2013). Multidisciplinaire richtlijn angststoornissen. Utrecht: Kwaliteitsinstituut voor de Gezondheidszorg CBO/Trimbos-instituut. Beschikbaar op: www.​ggzrichtlijnen.​nl.
go back to reference Levine, P. (2018). Trauma en geheugen: Hoe brein en lichaam traumatische ervaringen levend houden. Eeserveen: Mens. Levine, P. (2018). Trauma en geheugen: Hoe brein en lichaam traumatische ervaringen levend houden. Eeserveen: Mens.
go back to reference Matthijssen, S., Van Beerschoten, L., De Jongh, A., & Van den Hout, M. (2018). Effects of ʻVisual Schema Displacement Therapyʼ (VSDT), an abbreviated EMDR protocol and a control condition on emotionality and vividness of aversive memories: Two critical analogue studies. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 63, 48–56. Matthijssen, S., Van Beerschoten, L., De Jongh, A., & Van den Hout, M. (2018). Effects of ʻVisual Schema Displacement Therapyʼ (VSDT), an abbreviated EMDR protocol and a control condition on emotionality and vividness of aversive memories: Two critical analogue studies. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 63, 48–56.
go back to reference Mauritz, M., Van Gaal, B., Jongedijk R., Nijhuis-van der Sanden, M., Schoonhoven, L., & Goossens, P. (2016). Narrative Exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder associated with repeated interpersonal trauma in patients with severe mental illness: A mixed methods convergent design study. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 7, 32473. Beschikbaar op: https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v7.32473. Mauritz, M., Van Gaal, B., Jongedijk R., Nijhuis-van der Sanden, M., Schoonhoven, L., & Goossens, P. (2016). Narrative Exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder associated with repeated interpersonal trauma in patients with severe mental illness: A mixed methods convergent design study. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 7, 32473. Beschikbaar op: https://​doi.​org/​10.​3402/​ejpt.​v7.​32473.
go back to reference Monson, C., Schnurr, P., Resick, P., Friedman, M., Young-Xu, Y., & Stevens, S. (2006). Cognitive processing therapy for veterans with military related post traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 898–907.CrossRefPubMed Monson, C., Schnurr, P., Resick, P., Friedman, M., Young-Xu, Y., & Stevens, S. (2006). Cognitive processing therapy for veterans with military related post traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 898–907.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Mooren, T., & Van Dijk, J. (2004). Getuigenistherapie bij vluchtelingen, een integratief protocol. Tijdschrift voor Psychotherapie, 30, 359–367.CrossRef Mooren, T., & Van Dijk, J. (2004). Getuigenistherapie bij vluchtelingen, een integratief protocol. Tijdschrift voor Psychotherapie, 30, 359–367.CrossRef
go back to reference Nijdam, M., Gersons, B., Reitsma, J., De Jongh, A., & Olff, M. (2012). Brief eclectic psychotherapy versus eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(3), 224–231. Nijdam, M., Gersons, B., Reitsma, J., De Jongh, A., & Olff, M. (2012). Brief eclectic psychotherapy versus eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(3), 224–231.
go back to reference Ochberg, F. (1996), The counting method for ameliorating traumatic memories. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9(4), 669‒680. Ochberg, F. (1996), The counting method for ameliorating traumatic memories. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9(4), 669‒680.
go back to reference Ogden, P., & Fisher, J. (2015). Sensomotorische psychotherapie: Interventies in trauma en attachment. New York: WW Norton. Ogden, P., & Fisher, J. (2015). Sensomotorische psychotherapie: Interventies in trauma en attachment. New York: WW Norton.
go back to reference Oude Lohuis, M., & Hornsveld, H. (2020). Leidt succesvolle EMDR tot specifieke veranderingen in de hersenen. EMDR-magazine, 22, 8. Oude Lohuis, M., & Hornsveld, H. (2020). Leidt succesvolle EMDR tot specifieke veranderingen in de hersenen. EMDR-magazine, 22, 8.
go back to reference Ouwehand, E. (2013). Levensboeken in de ggz. Tijdschrift Geestelijke Verzorging, 16(72), 38–43. Ouwehand, E. (2013). Levensboeken in de ggz. Tijdschrift Geestelijke Verzorging, 16(72), 38–43.
go back to reference Raabe, S., Ehring, T., Marquenie, L., Olff, M., & Kindt, M. (2015). Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 48, 170–176.CrossRefPubMed Raabe, S., Ehring, T., Marquenie, L., Olff, M., & Kindt, M. (2015). Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 48, 170–176.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Resick, P., Monson, C., & Chard, K. (2008). Cognitive processing therapy: Veteran/military version. Washington, DC: Department of Veterans’ Affairs. Resick, P., Monson, C., & Chard, K. (2008). Cognitive processing therapy: Veteran/military version. Washington, DC: Department of Veterans’ Affairs.
go back to reference Resick, P., Monson, C., & Chard, K. (2016). Cognitive processing therapy for PTSD: A comprehensive manual. New York: Guilford Press. Resick, P., Monson, C., & Chard, K. (2016). Cognitive processing therapy for PTSD: A comprehensive manual. New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Resick, P., Williams, L., Suvak, M., Monson, C., & Gradus, J. (2012). Long-term outcomes of cognitive-behavioral treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder among female rape survivors. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80, 201–210.CrossRefPubMed Resick, P., Williams, L., Suvak, M., Monson, C., & Gradus, J. (2012). Long-term outcomes of cognitive-behavioral treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder among female rape survivors. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80, 201–210.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Rozenberg-van Lisdonk, J. (2019). VR-bril helpt PTSS bestrijden. Landmacht, 4, 7 mei. Rozenberg-van Lisdonk, J. (2019). VR-bril helpt PTSS bestrijden. Landmacht, 4, 7 mei.
go back to reference Schaal, S., Elbert, T., & Neuner, F. (2009). Narrative exposure therapy versus interpersonal psychotherapy: A pilot randomized controlled trial with Rwandan genocide orphans. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 78, 298–306.CrossRefPubMed Schaal, S., Elbert, T., & Neuner, F. (2009). Narrative exposure therapy versus interpersonal psychotherapy: A pilot randomized controlled trial with Rwandan genocide orphans. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 78, 298–306.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Sloan, D., & Marx, B. (2019). Written exposure therapy for PTSD: A brief treatment approach for mental health professionals. Washington: American Psychological Association. Sloan, D., & Marx, B. (2019). Written exposure therapy for PTSD: A brief treatment approach for mental health professionals. Washington: American Psychological Association.
go back to reference Sloan, D., Marx, B., Lee, D., & Resick, P. (2018). A brief exposure-based treatment vs cognitive processing therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized noninferiority clinical trial. Journal of the American Medical Association Psychiatry, 75(3): 233–239. Sloan, D., Marx, B., Lee, D., & Resick, P. (2018). A brief exposure-based treatment vs cognitive processing therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized noninferiority clinical trial. Journal of the American Medical Association Psychiatry, 75(3): 233–239.
go back to reference Stöfsel, M., & Mooren, T. (2017). Trauma en persoonlijkheidsproblematiek. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum.CrossRef Stöfsel, M., & Mooren, T. (2017). Trauma en persoonlijkheidsproblematiek. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum.CrossRef
go back to reference Van der Kolk, B. (2014). The body keeps the score, Brain, mind and body in the healing. Londen: Penguin. Van der Kolk, B. (2014). The body keeps the score, Brain, mind and body in the healing. Londen: Penguin.
go back to reference Van Dijk. J., & Schoutrop, M. (2002). Getuigenistherapie. Tijdschrift voor Directieve Therapie, 22(4), 399–409. Van Dijk. J., & Schoutrop, M. (2002). Getuigenistherapie. Tijdschrift voor Directieve Therapie, 22(4), 399–409.
go back to reference Van Emmerik, A., & Kamphuis H. (2016). Schrijftherapie bij posttraumatische stress. Een overzicht van therapeutische procedures, theoretische achtergrond en effectonderzoek. Tijdschrift voor Directieve Therapie, 36(4), 264–277. Van Emmerik, A., & Kamphuis H. (2016). Schrijftherapie bij posttraumatische stress. Een overzicht van therapeutische procedures, theoretische achtergrond en effectonderzoek. Tijdschrift voor Directieve Therapie, 36(4), 264–277.
Metagegevens
Titel
Andere verwerkingstechnieken bij trauma
Auteur
Martijn Stöfsel
Copyright
2020
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-2501-6_10