Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research 4/2011

01-08-2011 | Original Article

Memory for Physiological Feedback in Social Anxiety Disorder: The Role of Fear of Bodily Sensations

Auteurs: Andrea R. Ashbaugh, Adam S. Radomsky

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 4/2011

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

This study examined whether individuals with social anxiety disorder have a memory bias for bodily sensations associated with anxiety. Using a false feedback paradigm, 33 individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and 34 non-anxious control (NAC) participants completed a performance task while monitoring stimuli they were told provided feedback on whether their physiological response was changing or stable. On measures of free recall and recognition for their feedback no differences were found between SAD and NAC individuals. However, among SAD participants only, fear of bodily sensations was significantly associated with enhanced memory for stimuli associated with physiological responses. Results suggest that research and treatment may benefit from considering not only fear of social situations, but also the focus of those fears, such as bodily sensations, when examining memory biases in social anxiety.
Voetnoten
1
In Quebec students are required to complete a pre-university college which is the equivalent of the final 2 years of high school in other parts of Canada and the United States.
 
2
Results pertaining to the predictions of the study did not change when analyses were rerun excluding the two SAD participants meeting diagnostic criteria for substance dependence without physiological dependence and the two NAC participants who reporting taking psychotropic medication.
 
Literatuur
go back to reference Alden, L. E., Teschuk, M., & Tee, K. (1992). Public self-awareness and withdrawal from social interactions. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16, 249–267.CrossRef Alden, L. E., Teschuk, M., & Tee, K. (1992). Public self-awareness and withdrawal from social interactions. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16, 249–267.CrossRef
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders IV-TR. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders IV-TR. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
go back to reference Ashbaugh, A. R., McCabe, R. E., Antony, M. M., Schmidt, L. A., & Swinson, R. P. (2005). Evaluative biases in social anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 387–398.CrossRef Ashbaugh, A. R., McCabe, R. E., Antony, M. M., Schmidt, L. A., & Swinson, R. P. (2005). Evaluative biases in social anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 387–398.CrossRef
go back to reference Ashbaugh, A. R., & Radomsky, A. S. (2009). Interpretations of and memory for bodily sensations during public speaking. Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 40, 399–411.CrossRef Ashbaugh, A. R., & Radomsky, A. S. (2009). Interpretations of and memory for bodily sensations during public speaking. Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 40, 399–411.CrossRef
go back to reference Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Beck depression inventory manual (2nd ed.). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Beck depression inventory manual (2nd ed.). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
go back to reference Bögels, S. M., & Mansell, W. (2004). Attention processes in the maintenance and treatment of social phobia: Hypervigilance, avoidance and self-focused attention. Clinical Psychology Review, 24, 827–856.PubMedCrossRef Bögels, S. M., & Mansell, W. (2004). Attention processes in the maintenance and treatment of social phobia: Hypervigilance, avoidance and self-focused attention. Clinical Psychology Review, 24, 827–856.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Breck, B. F., & Smith, S. H. (1983). Selective recall of self-descriptive traits by socially anxious and nonanxious females. Social Behavior and Personality, 11, 71–76.CrossRef Breck, B. F., & Smith, S. H. (1983). Selective recall of self-descriptive traits by socially anxious and nonanxious females. Social Behavior and Personality, 11, 71–76.CrossRef
go back to reference Brendle, J. R., & Wenzel, A. (2004). Differentiating between memory and interpretation biases in socially anxious and nonanxious individuals. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 155–171.PubMedCrossRef Brendle, J. R., & Wenzel, A. (2004). Differentiating between memory and interpretation biases in socially anxious and nonanxious individuals. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 155–171.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Brown, T. A., DiNardo, P. A., & Barlow, D. H. (1994). Anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV (ADIS-IV). Albany, NY: Graywind. Brown, T. A., DiNardo, P. A., & Barlow, D. H. (1994). Anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV (ADIS-IV). Albany, NY: Graywind.
go back to reference Brown, T. A., DiNardo, P. A., Lehman, C. L., & Campbell, L. A. (2001). Reliability of DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders: Implications for the classification of emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 49–58.PubMedCrossRef Brown, T. A., DiNardo, P. A., Lehman, C. L., & Campbell, L. A. (2001). Reliability of DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders: Implications for the classification of emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 49–58.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Brown, E. J., Turovsky, J., Heimberg, R. G., Juster, H. R., Brown, T. A., & Barlow, D. H. (1997). Validation of the social interaction anxiety scale and the social phobia scale across the anxiety disorders. Psychological Assessment, 9, 1–27.CrossRef Brown, E. J., Turovsky, J., Heimberg, R. G., Juster, H. R., Brown, T. A., & Barlow, D. H. (1997). Validation of the social interaction anxiety scale and the social phobia scale across the anxiety disorders. Psychological Assessment, 9, 1–27.CrossRef
go back to reference Carmody, D. P. (2005). Psychometric characteristics of the Beck depression inventory-II with college students of diverse ethnicity. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 9, 22–28.CrossRef Carmody, D. P. (2005). Psychometric characteristics of the Beck depression inventory-II with college students of diverse ethnicity. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 9, 22–28.CrossRef
go back to reference Chambless, D. L., Caputo, G. C., Bright, P., & Gallagher, R. (1984). Assessment of fear of fear in agoraphobics: The Body Sensations Questionnaire and the Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 1090–1097.PubMedCrossRef Chambless, D. L., Caputo, G. C., Bright, P., & Gallagher, R. (1984). Assessment of fear of fear in agoraphobics: The Body Sensations Questionnaire and the Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 1090–1097.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In R. G. Heimberg, M. R. Liebowitz, D. A. Hope, & F. R. Schneier (Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp. 69–93). New York, NY: Guilford Press. Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In R. G. Heimberg, M. R. Liebowitz, D. A. Hope, & F. R. Schneier (Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp. 69–93). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Cloitre, M., Cancienne, J., Heimberg, R. G., Holt, C. S., & Liebowitz, M. (1995). Memory bias does not generalize across anxiety disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 305–307.PubMedCrossRef Cloitre, M., Cancienne, J., Heimberg, R. G., Holt, C. S., & Liebowitz, M. (1995). Memory bias does not generalize across anxiety disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 305–307.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Coles, M. E., & Heimberg, R. G. (2005). Recognition bias for critical faces in social phobia: A replication and extension. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 109–120.PubMedCrossRef Coles, M. E., & Heimberg, R. G. (2005). Recognition bias for critical faces in social phobia: A replication and extension. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 109–120.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Cedrus Corporation. (2003). SuperLab Pro (Version 2.0.4). San Pedro, CA: Cedrus Corporation. Cedrus Corporation. (2003). SuperLab Pro (Version 2.0.4). San Pedro, CA: Cedrus Corporation.
go back to reference Daly, J. A., Vangelisti, A. L., & Lawrence, S. G. (1989). Self-focused attention and public speaking anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 10, 903–913.CrossRef Daly, J. A., Vangelisti, A. L., & Lawrence, S. G. (1989). Self-focused attention and public speaking anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 10, 903–913.CrossRef
go back to reference Dozois, D. J. A., Dobson, K. S., & Ahnberg, J. L. (1998). A psychometric evaluation of the Beck depression inventory-II. Psychological Assessment, 10, 83–89.CrossRef Dozois, D. J. A., Dobson, K. S., & Ahnberg, J. L. (1998). A psychometric evaluation of the Beck depression inventory-II. Psychological Assessment, 10, 83–89.CrossRef
go back to reference Fenigstein, A. (1979). Self-consciousness, self-attention, and social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 75–86.CrossRef Fenigstein, A. (1979). Self-consciousness, self-attention, and social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 75–86.CrossRef
go back to reference Fenigstein, A., Scheier, M. F., & Buss, A. H. (1975). Public and private self-consciousness: Assessment and theory. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43, 522–527.CrossRef Fenigstein, A., Scheier, M. F., & Buss, A. H. (1975). Public and private self-consciousness: Assessment and theory. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43, 522–527.CrossRef
go back to reference Foa, E. B., Gilboa-Schechtman, E., Amir, N., & Freshman, M. (2000). Memory bias in generalized social phobia: Remembering negative emotional expressions. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 14, 501–519.PubMedCrossRef Foa, E. B., Gilboa-Schechtman, E., Amir, N., & Freshman, M. (2000). Memory bias in generalized social phobia: Remembering negative emotional expressions. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 14, 501–519.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Foa, E. B., McNally, R., & Murdock, T. B. (1989). Anxious mood and memory. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 27, 141–147.PubMedCrossRef Foa, E. B., McNally, R., & Murdock, T. B. (1989). Anxious mood and memory. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 27, 141–147.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Friendly, M., Franklin, P. E., Hoffman, D., & Rubin, D. C. (1982). The Toronto Word Pool: Norms for imagery, concreteness, orthographic variables and grammatical usage for 1080 words. Behavior Research Methods, and Instrumentation, 14, 375–399.CrossRef Friendly, M., Franklin, P. E., Hoffman, D., & Rubin, D. C. (1982). The Toronto Word Pool: Norms for imagery, concreteness, orthographic variables and grammatical usage for 1080 words. Behavior Research Methods, and Instrumentation, 14, 375–399.CrossRef
go back to reference Glass, G. V., & Hopkins, K. D. (1984). Statistical methods in education and psychology (2nd ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Glass, G. V., & Hopkins, K. D. (1984). Statistical methods in education and psychology (2nd ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
go back to reference Heimberg, R. G., Mueller, G. P., Holt, C. S., Hope, D. A., & Liebowitz, M. (1992). Assessment of anxiety in social interaction and being observed by others: The social interaction anxiety scale and the social phobia scale. Behavior Therapy, 23, 53–73.CrossRef Heimberg, R. G., Mueller, G. P., Holt, C. S., Hope, D. A., & Liebowitz, M. (1992). Assessment of anxiety in social interaction and being observed by others: The social interaction anxiety scale and the social phobia scale. Behavior Therapy, 23, 53–73.CrossRef
go back to reference Hertel, P. T., Brozovich, F., Joorman, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2008). Biases in interpretation and memory in generalized social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117, 278–288.PubMedCrossRef Hertel, P. T., Brozovich, F., Joorman, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2008). Biases in interpretation and memory in generalized social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117, 278–288.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hofmann, S. G., Ehlers, A., & Roth, W. T. (1995). Conditioning theory: A model for the etiology of public speaking anxiety? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 567–571.PubMedCrossRef Hofmann, S. G., Ehlers, A., & Roth, W. T. (1995). Conditioning theory: A model for the etiology of public speaking anxiety? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 567–571.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hope, D. A., & Heimberg, R. G. (1988). Public and private self-consciousness and social phobia. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52, 626–639.PubMedCrossRef Hope, D. A., & Heimberg, R. G. (1988). Public and private self-consciousness and social phobia. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52, 626–639.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Jostes, A., Pook, M., & Florin, I. (1999). Public and private self-consciousness as specific psychopathological features. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 1285–1295.CrossRef Jostes, A., Pook, M., & Florin, I. (1999). Public and private self-consciousness as specific psychopathological features. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 1285–1295.CrossRef
go back to reference Kimble, C. E., & Zehr, H. D. (1982). Self-consciousness, information load, self-presentation, and memory in a social situation. Journal of Social Psychology, 118, 39–46.CrossRef Kimble, C. E., & Zehr, H. D. (1982). Self-consciousness, information load, self-presentation, and memory in a social situation. Journal of Social Psychology, 118, 39–46.CrossRef
go back to reference Lundh, L.-G., & Öst, L.-G. (1996a). Recognition bias for critical faces in social phobics. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 787–794.PubMedCrossRef Lundh, L.-G., & Öst, L.-G. (1996a). Recognition bias for critical faces in social phobics. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 787–794.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Lundh, L.-G., & Öst, L.-G. (1996b). Face recognition in patients with social phobia. Scandanavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy, 25, 139–148. Lundh, L.-G., & Öst, L.-G. (1996b). Face recognition in patients with social phobia. Scandanavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy, 25, 139–148.
go back to reference Lundh, L.-G., & Öst, L.-G. (1996c). Stroop interference, self-focus and perfectionism in social phobics. Personality and Individual Differences, 20, 725–731.CrossRef Lundh, L.-G., & Öst, L.-G. (1996c). Stroop interference, self-focus and perfectionism in social phobics. Personality and Individual Differences, 20, 725–731.CrossRef
go back to reference MacMillan, N. A., & Creelman, C. D. (2005). Detection theory: A user’s guide (2nd ed.). Hillside, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. MacMillan, N. A., & Creelman, C. D. (2005). Detection theory: A user’s guide (2nd ed.). Hillside, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
go back to reference Mansell, W., Clark, D. M., & Ehlers, A. (2003). Internal versus external attention in social anxiety: An investigation using a novel paradigm. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 555–572.PubMedCrossRef Mansell, W., Clark, D. M., & Ehlers, A. (2003). Internal versus external attention in social anxiety: An investigation using a novel paradigm. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 555–572.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Mattick, R. P., & Clarke, J. C. (1998). Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 455–470.PubMedCrossRef Mattick, R. P., & Clarke, J. C. (1998). Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 455–470.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Mellings, T. M. B., & Alden, L. E. (2000). Cognitive processes in social anxiety: The effects of self-focus, rumination and anticipatory processing. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 243–257.PubMedCrossRef Mellings, T. M. B., & Alden, L. E. (2000). Cognitive processes in social anxiety: The effects of self-focus, rumination and anticipatory processing. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 243–257.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Moscovitch, D. (2009). What is the core fear in social phobia? A new model to facilitate individualized case conceptualization and treatment. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 16, 123–134.CrossRef Moscovitch, D. (2009). What is the core fear in social phobia? A new model to facilitate individualized case conceptualization and treatment. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 16, 123–134.CrossRef
go back to reference Norton, G. R., Cox, B. J., Hewitt, P. L., & McLeod, L. (1997). Personality factors associated with generalized and non-generalized social anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 22, 655–660.CrossRef Norton, G. R., Cox, B. J., Hewitt, P. L., & McLeod, L. (1997). Personality factors associated with generalized and non-generalized social anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 22, 655–660.CrossRef
go back to reference O’Banion, K., & Arkowitz, H. (1977). Social anxiety and selective memory for affective information about the self. Social Behavior and Personality, 5, 321–328.CrossRef O’Banion, K., & Arkowitz, H. (1977). Social anxiety and selective memory for affective information about the self. Social Behavior and Personality, 5, 321–328.CrossRef
go back to reference Osman, A., Downs, W. R., Barrios, F. X., Kopper, B. A., Gutierrez, P. M., & Chiros, C. E. (1997). Factor structure and psychometric characteristics of the Beck depression inventory-II. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 19, 359–376.CrossRef Osman, A., Downs, W. R., Barrios, F. X., Kopper, B. A., Gutierrez, P. M., & Chiros, C. E. (1997). Factor structure and psychometric characteristics of the Beck depression inventory-II. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 19, 359–376.CrossRef
go back to reference Osman, A., Gutierrez, P. M., Barrios, F. X., Kopper, B. A., & Chiros, C. E. (1998). The social phobia and social interaction anxiety scales: Evaluation of psychometric properties. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 20, 249–264.CrossRef Osman, A., Gutierrez, P. M., Barrios, F. X., Kopper, B. A., & Chiros, C. E. (1998). The social phobia and social interaction anxiety scales: Evaluation of psychometric properties. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 20, 249–264.CrossRef
go back to reference Pérèz-López, J. R., & Woody, S. R. (2001). Memory for facial expressions in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 967–975.PubMedCrossRef Pérèz-López, J. R., & Woody, S. R. (2001). Memory for facial expressions in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 967–975.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Peters, L. (2000). Discriminant validity of the social phobia and anxiety inventory (SPAI), the social phobia scale (SPS) and the social interaction anxiety scale (SIAS). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 943–950.PubMedCrossRef Peters, L. (2000). Discriminant validity of the social phobia and anxiety inventory (SPAI), the social phobia scale (SPS) and the social interaction anxiety scale (SIAS). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 943–950.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Pineles, S. L., & Mineka, S. (2005). Attentional biases to internal and external sources of potential threat in social anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 314–318.PubMedCrossRef Pineles, S. L., & Mineka, S. (2005). Attentional biases to internal and external sources of potential threat in social anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 314–318.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Radomsky, A. S., & Rachman, S. (2004). The importance of importance in OCD memory research. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 35, 137–151.PubMedCrossRef Radomsky, A. S., & Rachman, S. (2004). The importance of importance in OCD memory research. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 35, 137–151.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rapee, R. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (1997). A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 741–756.PubMedCrossRef Rapee, R. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (1997). A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 741–756.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rapee, R. M., McCallum, S. L., Melville, L. F., Ravenscroft, H., & Rodney, J. M. (1994). Memory bias in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 89–99.PubMedCrossRef Rapee, R. M., McCallum, S. L., Melville, L. F., Ravenscroft, H., & Rodney, J. M. (1994). Memory bias in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 89–99.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Reiss, S., Peterson, R. A., Gursky, D. M., & McNally, R. (1986). Anxiety sensitivity, anxiety frequency and the prediction of fearfulness. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 24, 1–8.PubMedCrossRef Reiss, S., Peterson, R. A., Gursky, D. M., & McNally, R. (1986). Anxiety sensitivity, anxiety frequency and the prediction of fearfulness. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 24, 1–8.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Saboonchi, F., Lundh, L.-G., & Öst, L.-G. (1999). Perfectionism and self-consciousness in social phobia and panic disorder with agoraphobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 799–808.PubMedCrossRef Saboonchi, F., Lundh, L.-G., & Öst, L.-G. (1999). Perfectionism and self-consciousness in social phobia and panic disorder with agoraphobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 799–808.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Smith, T. W., Ingram, R. E., & Brehm, S. S. (1983). Social anxiety, anxious self-preoccupation, and recall of self-relevant information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 1276–1283.PubMedCrossRef Smith, T. W., Ingram, R. E., & Brehm, S. S. (1983). Social anxiety, anxious self-preoccupation, and recall of self-relevant information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 1276–1283.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Sorkin, R. D. (1999). Spreadsheet signal detection. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 31, 46–54.PubMedCrossRef Sorkin, R. D. (1999). Spreadsheet signal detection. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 31, 46–54.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Stanislaw, H., & Todorov, N. (1999). Calculation of signal detection theory measures. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 31, 137–149.PubMedCrossRef Stanislaw, H., & Todorov, N. (1999). Calculation of signal detection theory measures. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 31, 137–149.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Stopa, L., & Clark, D. M. (1993). Cognitive processes in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 255–267.PubMedCrossRef Stopa, L., & Clark, D. M. (1993). Cognitive processes in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 255–267.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wells, A., & Papageorgiou, C. (1998). Social phobia: Effects of external attention on anxiety, negative beliefs, and perspective taking. Behavior Therapy, 29, 357–370.CrossRef Wells, A., & Papageorgiou, C. (1998). Social phobia: Effects of external attention on anxiety, negative beliefs, and perspective taking. Behavior Therapy, 29, 357–370.CrossRef
go back to reference Wenzel, A., Finstrom, N., Jordan, J., & Brendle, J. R. (2005). Memory and interpretation of visual representations of threat in socially anxious and nonanxious individuals. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 1029–1044.PubMedCrossRef Wenzel, A., Finstrom, N., Jordan, J., & Brendle, J. R. (2005). Memory and interpretation of visual representations of threat in socially anxious and nonanxious individuals. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 1029–1044.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wiebe, J. S., & Penley, J. A. (2005). A psychometric comparison of the Beck depression inventory-II in English and Spanish. Psychological Assessment, 17, 481–485.PubMedCrossRef Wiebe, J. S., & Penley, J. A. (2005). A psychometric comparison of the Beck depression inventory-II in English and Spanish. Psychological Assessment, 17, 481–485.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Williams, J. M. G., Watts, F. N., MacLeod, C., & Mathews, A. (1997). Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders. New York: Wiley. Williams, J. M. G., Watts, F. N., MacLeod, C., & Mathews, A. (1997). Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders. New York: Wiley.
go back to reference Woody, S. R. (1996). Effects of focus of attention on anxiety levels and social performance of individuals with social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 61–69.PubMedCrossRef Woody, S. R. (1996). Effects of focus of attention on anxiety levels and social performance of individuals with social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 61–69.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Woody, S. R., & Rodriguez, B. F. (2000). Self-focused attention and social anxiety in social phobics and normal controls. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 24, 473–488.CrossRef Woody, S. R., & Rodriguez, B. F. (2000). Self-focused attention and social anxiety in social phobics and normal controls. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 24, 473–488.CrossRef
go back to reference Zgourides, G. D., Warren, R., & Englert, M. E. (1989). Further evidence of construct validity for the agoraphobic cognitions questionnaire and the body sensations questionnaire. Psychological Reports, 64, 590.PubMed Zgourides, G. D., Warren, R., & Englert, M. E. (1989). Further evidence of construct validity for the agoraphobic cognitions questionnaire and the body sensations questionnaire. Psychological Reports, 64, 590.PubMed
Metagegevens
Titel
Memory for Physiological Feedback in Social Anxiety Disorder: The Role of Fear of Bodily Sensations
Auteurs
Andrea R. Ashbaugh
Adam S. Radomsky
Publicatiedatum
01-08-2011
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 4/2011
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-009-9291-5

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2011

Cognitive Therapy and Research 4/2011 Naar de uitgave