Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness 2/2015

01-04-2015 | ORIGINAL PAPER

Meditation: a Process of Cultivating Enhanced Well-Being

Auteur: Dominic Hosemans

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 2/2015

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Meditation is the practise of training attention and has increasingly become implemented in mainstream healthcare. The current study compared non-meditators with two general approaches to meditation as follows: concentrative and insight-oriented. The latter entails focusing attention on a single object, whereas the former opens attention, in an accepting and non-judgmental way, to whatever arises within the mind. Compared to non-meditators, both meditation approaches demonstrated significantly enhanced mindfulness and also indicated lower perceived stress. However, when compared to non-meditators, only insight-oriented meditators reported significantly greater subjective well-being (SWB), which is thought to arise from the expansion of attention to unwholesome thoughts, cultivating acceptance of such thoughts, and therefore decreasing the surrounding emotional context. Nonetheless, no significant difference was noted on SWB between concentrative and insight-oriented meditators.
Literatuur
go back to reference Arias, A. J., Steinberg, K., Banga, A., & Trestman, R. L. (2006). Systematic review of the efficiency of meditation techniques as treatments for medical illness. The Journal of Alternative and Complimentary Medicine, 12(8), 817–832.CrossRef Arias, A. J., Steinberg, K., Banga, A., & Trestman, R. L. (2006). Systematic review of the efficiency of meditation techniques as treatments for medical illness. The Journal of Alternative and Complimentary Medicine, 12(8), 817–832.CrossRef
go back to reference Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., & Allen, K. B. (2004). Assessment of mindfulness by self-report: the Kentucky inventory of mindfulness skills. Assessment, 11(3), 191–206.CrossRefPubMed Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., & Allen, K. B. (2004). Assessment of mindfulness by self-report: the Kentucky inventory of mindfulness skills. Assessment, 11(3), 191–206.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Benson, H., & Klipper, M. (1975). The relaxation response. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc. Benson, H., & Klipper, M. (1975). The relaxation response. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc.
go back to reference Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., et al. (2004). Mindfulness: a proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practise, 11(1), 230–241. Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., et al. (2004). Mindfulness: a proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practise, 11(1), 230–241.
go back to reference Brodal, P. (2004). The central nervous system: structure and function (3rd ed., pp. 369–396). USA: Oxford University Press. Brodal, P. (2004). The central nervous system: structure and function (3rd ed., pp. 369–396). USA: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822–848.CrossRefPubMed Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822–848.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 24(4), 385–396.CrossRef Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 24(4), 385–396.CrossRef
go back to reference Couper, M. P. (2001). Web surveys: a review of issues and approaches. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 64(4), 464–494.CrossRef Couper, M. P. (2001). Web surveys: a review of issues and approaches. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 64(4), 464–494.CrossRef
go back to reference Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1960). A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 24(4), 349–354.CrossRefPubMed Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1960). A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 24(4), 349–354.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Deiner, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75.CrossRef Deiner, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75.CrossRef
go back to reference Deiner, E., Lucas, R. E., & Oishi, S. (2002). Subjective well-being: the science of happiness and life satisfaction. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of Positive Psychology (pp. 63–73). New York: Oxford University Press. Deiner, E., Lucas, R. E., & Oishi, S. (2002). Subjective well-being: the science of happiness and life satisfaction. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of Positive Psychology (pp. 63–73). New York: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Delmont, M. M. (1985). Meditation and anxiety reduction: a literature review. Clinical Psychology Review, 5(2), 91–102.CrossRef Delmont, M. M. (1985). Meditation and anxiety reduction: a literature review. Clinical Psychology Review, 5(2), 91–102.CrossRef
go back to reference Dunn, B. R., Hartigan, J. A., & Mikulas, W. L. (1999). Concentration and mindfulness meditations: unique forms of consciousness? Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 24(3), 147–164.CrossRefPubMed Dunn, B. R., Hartigan, J. A., & Mikulas, W. L. (1999). Concentration and mindfulness meditations: unique forms of consciousness? Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 24(3), 147–164.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Ekkekakis, P., & Petuzzello, S. J. (1999). Acute aerobic exercise and affect: current status, problems and prospects regarding dose–response. Sports Medicine, 28(5), 337–374.CrossRefPubMed Ekkekakis, P., & Petuzzello, S. J. (1999). Acute aerobic exercise and affect: current status, problems and prospects regarding dose–response. Sports Medicine, 28(5), 337–374.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Epstein, M. D., & Lieff, J. D. (1981). Psychiatric complications of meditation practise. Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 13(2), 137–147. Epstein, M. D., & Lieff, J. D. (1981). Psychiatric complications of meditation practise. Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 13(2), 137–147.
go back to reference Fricker, R. D., & Schonlau, M. (2002). Advantages and disadvantages of Internet research surveys: evidence from the literature. Field Methods, 14(4), 347–365.CrossRef Fricker, R. D., & Schonlau, M. (2002). Advantages and disadvantages of Internet research surveys: evidence from the literature. Field Methods, 14(4), 347–365.CrossRef
go back to reference Gallagher, M. W., Lopez, S. J., & Preacher, K. J. (2009). The hierarchical structure of well-being. Journal of Personality, 77, 1025–1049.CrossRefPubMed Gallagher, M. W., Lopez, S. J., & Preacher, K. J. (2009). The hierarchical structure of well-being. Journal of Personality, 77, 1025–1049.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Glueck, B., & Stroebel, C. F. (1984). Meditation in the treatment of psychiatric illness. In D. Shapiro & R. Walsh (Eds.), Meditation: Classic and Contemporary Perspectives (p. 150). New York: Alden Publications. Glueck, B., & Stroebel, C. F. (1984). Meditation in the treatment of psychiatric illness. In D. Shapiro & R. Walsh (Eds.), Meditation: Classic and Contemporary Perspectives (p. 150). New York: Alden Publications.
go back to reference Gossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: a meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57(1), 35–43.CrossRef Gossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: a meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57(1), 35–43.CrossRef
go back to reference Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V., & Strosahilik, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioural disorders: a functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(6), 1152–1168.CrossRefPubMed Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V., & Strosahilik, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioural disorders: a functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(6), 1152–1168.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: an experimental approach to behaviour change. New York: Guilford Press. Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: an experimental approach to behaviour change. New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Heide, F. J., & Borkovec, T. D. (1984). Relaxation-induced anxiety: mechanism and theoretical implications. Behavioural Research Therapy, 22(1), 1–12.CrossRef Heide, F. J., & Borkovec, T. D. (1984). Relaxation-induced anxiety: mechanism and theoretical implications. Behavioural Research Therapy, 22(1), 1–12.CrossRef
go back to reference Hoffman, S. G., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2008). Acceptance and mindfulness-based therapy: new wave or old hat? Clinical Psychology Review, 28(1), 1–16.CrossRef Hoffman, S. G., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2008). Acceptance and mindfulness-based therapy: new wave or old hat? Clinical Psychology Review, 28(1), 1–16.CrossRef
go back to reference Howell, D. C. (2007). Statistical Methods for Psychology (6th ed.). California: Thomson Wadsworth. Howell, D. C. (2007). Statistical Methods for Psychology (6th ed.). California: Thomson Wadsworth.
go back to reference Huberty, C., & Petoskey, M. D. (2000). Multivariate analysis of variance and covariance. In H. E. A. Tinsley & S. D. Brown (Eds.), Handbook of Applied Multivariate Statistics and Mathematical Modelling (pp. 183–208). New York: Academic.CrossRef Huberty, C., & Petoskey, M. D. (2000). Multivariate analysis of variance and covariance. In H. E. A. Tinsley & S. D. Brown (Eds.), Handbook of Applied Multivariate Statistics and Mathematical Modelling (pp. 183–208). New York: Academic.CrossRef
go back to reference Ivanovski, B., & Malhi, G. S. (2007). The psychological and neuropsychological commitments of mindfulness forms of meditation. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 19(2), 76–91.CrossRef Ivanovski, B., & Malhi, G. S. (2007). The psychological and neuropsychological commitments of mindfulness forms of meditation. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 19(2), 76–91.CrossRef
go back to reference Kabat-Zinn, J., Lipworth, L., & Burney, R. (1985). The clinical use of mindfulness meditation for the self-regulation of chronic pain. Journal of Behavioural Medicine, 8(2), 163–190.CrossRef Kabat-Zinn, J., Lipworth, L., & Burney, R. (1985). The clinical use of mindfulness meditation for the self-regulation of chronic pain. Journal of Behavioural Medicine, 8(2), 163–190.CrossRef
go back to reference Kraut, R., Olson, J., Banaji, M., Bruckman, A., Cohen, J., & Couper, M. (2004). Report of scientific affairs' advisory group on the conduct of research on the Internet. American Psychologist, 59(2), 105–117.CrossRefPubMed Kraut, R., Olson, J., Banaji, M., Bruckman, A., Cohen, J., & Couper, M. (2004). Report of scientific affairs' advisory group on the conduct of research on the Internet. American Psychologist, 59(2), 105–117.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kuijpers, H. J. H., Heijden, F. M. M. A., Tuinier, S., & Verhoeven, W. M. A. (2007). Meditation-induced psychosis. Psychopathology, 40(6), 461–464.CrossRefPubMed Kuijpers, H. J. H., Heijden, F. M. M. A., Tuinier, S., & Verhoeven, W. M. A. (2007). Meditation-induced psychosis. Psychopathology, 40(6), 461–464.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Larsen, R. J., Diener, E., & Emmons, R. A. (1985). An evaluation of subjective well-being measures. Social Indicators Research, 17(1), 1–17.CrossRef Larsen, R. J., Diener, E., & Emmons, R. A. (1985). An evaluation of subjective well-being measures. Social Indicators Research, 17(1), 1–17.CrossRef
go back to reference Lazarus, A. A. (1976). Psychiatric problems precipitated by transcendental meditation. Psychological Reports, 39(2), 601–602.CrossRefPubMed Lazarus, A. A. (1976). Psychiatric problems precipitated by transcendental meditation. Psychological Reports, 39(2), 601–602.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Lazarus, A. A., & Mayne, T. J. (1990). Relaxation: some limitations, side effects and proposed solutions. Psychotherapy, 27(2), 261–266.CrossRef Lazarus, A. A., & Mayne, T. J. (1990). Relaxation: some limitations, side effects and proposed solutions. Psychotherapy, 27(2), 261–266.CrossRef
go back to reference Levine, M. (2009). The positive psychology of Buddhism and Yoga: paths to a mature happiness. New York: Routledge. Levine, M. (2009). The positive psychology of Buddhism and Yoga: paths to a mature happiness. New York: Routledge.
go back to reference Morgan, D. (2003). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: a new approach to preventing relapse. Psychotherapy Research, 13(1), 123–125.CrossRefPubMed Morgan, D. (2003). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: a new approach to preventing relapse. Psychotherapy Research, 13(1), 123–125.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Naranjo, C., & Ornstein, R. E. (1971). On the psychology of meditation. New York: The Viking Press. Naranjo, C., & Ornstein, R. E. (1971). On the psychology of meditation. New York: The Viking Press.
go back to reference Netz, Y., & Lindor, R. (2003). Mood alterations in mindful versus aerobic exercise modes. The Journal of Psychology, 173(5), 405–419.CrossRef Netz, Y., & Lindor, R. (2003). Mood alterations in mindful versus aerobic exercise modes. The Journal of Psychology, 173(5), 405–419.CrossRef
go back to reference Osho. (2004). Meditation: the first and last freedom. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin. Osho. (2004). Meditation: the first and last freedom. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin.
go back to reference Robinson, J. P., Neustadtl, A., & Kestenbaum, M. (2002). Why public opinion polls are inherently biased: public opinion differences among Internet users and non-users. St. Petersburg Beach: Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for Public Opinion Research. Robinson, J. P., Neustadtl, A., & Kestenbaum, M. (2002). Why public opinion polls are inherently biased: public opinion differences among Internet users and non-users. St. Petersburg Beach: Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for Public Opinion Research.
go back to reference Roemer, L., & Orsillo, S. M. (2002). Expanding our conceptualization of and treatment for generalised anxiety disorder: Integrating mindfulness/acceptance-based approaches with existing cognitive-behavioural models. Clinical Psychology-Science & Practise, 9(1), 54–68.CrossRef Roemer, L., & Orsillo, S. M. (2002). Expanding our conceptualization of and treatment for generalised anxiety disorder: Integrating mindfulness/acceptance-based approaches with existing cognitive-behavioural models. Clinical Psychology-Science & Practise, 9(1), 54–68.CrossRef
go back to reference Safran, J. D., & Segal, Z. V. (1990). Cognitive therapy: an interpersonal process perspective. New York: Basic Books. Safran, J. D., & Segal, Z. V. (1990). Cognitive therapy: an interpersonal process perspective. New York: Basic Books.
go back to reference Schwartz, N., & Strack, F. (1999). Reports of subjective well-being: Judgemental processes and their methodological implications. In D. Kahneman, E. Diener, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Wellbeing: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology (pp. 61–84). New York: Russell Sage. Schwartz, N., & Strack, F. (1999). Reports of subjective well-being: Judgemental processes and their methodological implications. In D. Kahneman, E. Diener, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Wellbeing: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology (pp. 61–84). New York: Russell Sage.
go back to reference Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., & Teasdale, J. D. (2002). Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy for Depression: A New Approach for Preventing Relapse. New York: Guilford Press. Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., & Teasdale, J. D. (2002). Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy for Depression: A New Approach for Preventing Relapse. New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Sethi, S., & Bhargava, S. C. (2003). Relationship of meditation and psychosis: case studies. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 37(3), 382. Sethi, S., & Bhargava, S. C. (2003). Relationship of meditation and psychosis: case studies. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 37(3), 382.
go back to reference Shapiro, D. H. (1992). Adverse effects of meditation: a preliminary investigation of long-term meditators. International Journal of Psychosomatics, 39(1–4), 62–67.PubMed Shapiro, D. H. (1992). Adverse effects of meditation: a preliminary investigation of long-term meditators. International Journal of Psychosomatics, 39(1–4), 62–67.PubMed
go back to reference Shapiro, S. L., Schwartz, G. E. R., & Santerre, C. (2002). Meditation and positive psychology. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of Positive Psychology (pp. 632–645). New York: Oxford University Press. Shapiro, S. L., Schwartz, G. E. R., & Santerre, C. (2002). Meditation and positive psychology. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of Positive Psychology (pp. 632–645). New York: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Shapiro, S. L., Oman, D., Thoresen, C. E., Plante, T. G., & Flinders, T. (2008). Cultivating mindfulness: effects on well-being. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64(7), 840–862.CrossRefPubMed Shapiro, S. L., Oman, D., Thoresen, C. E., Plante, T. G., & Flinders, T. (2008). Cultivating mindfulness: effects on well-being. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64(7), 840–862.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education.
go back to reference Tacon, A. M. (2003). Meditation as a complementary therapy in cancer. Family and Community Health, 26(1), 64–73.CrossRefPubMed Tacon, A. M. (2003). Meditation as a complementary therapy in cancer. Family and Community Health, 26(1), 64–73.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Teper, R., & Inzlicht, M. (2013). Meditation, mindfulness and executive control: the importance of emotional acceptance and brain-based performance monitoring. Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience, 8(1), 85–92.CrossRef Teper, R., & Inzlicht, M. (2013). Meditation, mindfulness and executive control: the importance of emotional acceptance and brain-based performance monitoring. Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience, 8(1), 85–92.CrossRef
go back to reference Valentine, E. R., & Sweet, P. L. G. (1999). Meditation and attention: a comparison of the effects of concentrative and mindfulness meditation on sustained attention. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 2(1), 59–70.CrossRef Valentine, E. R., & Sweet, P. L. G. (1999). Meditation and attention: a comparison of the effects of concentrative and mindfulness meditation on sustained attention. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 2(1), 59–70.CrossRef
go back to reference Walach, H., Buchheld, N., Buttenmuller, V., Kleinknecht, N., & Schmidt, S. (2006). Measuring mindfulness—the Freiberg mindfulness inventory (FMI). Personality and Individual Differences, 40(8), 1543–1555.CrossRef Walach, H., Buchheld, N., Buttenmuller, V., Kleinknecht, N., & Schmidt, S. (2006). Measuring mindfulness—the Freiberg mindfulness inventory (FMI). Personality and Individual Differences, 40(8), 1543–1555.CrossRef
go back to reference Watson, D., Clark, L., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063–1070.CrossRefPubMed Watson, D., Clark, L., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063–1070.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Zamarra, J. W., Schneider, R. H., Besseghini, I., Robinson, D. K., & Salerno, J. W. (1996). Usefulness of the transcendental meditation program in the treatment of patients with coronary heart disease. American Journal of Cardiology, 77(10), 867–870.CrossRefPubMed Zamarra, J. W., Schneider, R. H., Besseghini, I., Robinson, D. K., & Salerno, J. W. (1996). Usefulness of the transcendental meditation program in the treatment of patients with coronary heart disease. American Journal of Cardiology, 77(10), 867–870.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Zuroff, D. C., & Schwartz, J. C. (1980). Transcendental meditation versus muscle relaxation: a 2-year follow-up of a controlled experiment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 137(10), 1229–1231.CrossRefPubMed Zuroff, D. C., & Schwartz, J. C. (1980). Transcendental meditation versus muscle relaxation: a 2-year follow-up of a controlled experiment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 137(10), 1229–1231.CrossRefPubMed
Metagegevens
Titel
Meditation: a Process of Cultivating Enhanced Well-Being
Auteur
Dominic Hosemans
Publicatiedatum
01-04-2015
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Mindfulness / Uitgave 2/2015
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-013-0266-y

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2015

Mindfulness 2/2015 Naar de uitgave