Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness 6/2021

23-03-2021 | ORIGINAL PAPER

Meditating in Virtual Reality 3: 360° Video of Perceptual Presence of Instructor

Auteurs: Madison Waller, Divya Mistry, Rakesh Jetly, Paul Frewen

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 6/2021

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Objectives

The need for remote delivery of mental health interventions including instruction in meditation has become paramount in the wake of the current global pandemic. However, the support one may usually feel within the physical presence of an instructor may be weakened when interventions are delivered remotely, potentially impacting one’s meditative experiences. Use of head-mounted displays (HMD) to display video-recorded instruction may increase one’s sense of psychological presence with the instructor as compared to presentation via regular flatscreen (e.g., laptop) monitor. This research therefore evaluated a didactic, trauma-informed care approach to instruction in mindfulness meditation by comparing meditative responses to an instructor-guided meditation when delivered face-to-face vs. by pre-recorded 360° videos viewed either on a standard flatscreen monitor (2D format) or via HMD (i.e., virtual reality [VR] headset; 3D format).

Methods

Young adults (n = 82) were recruited from a university introductory course and experienced a 360° video-guided meditation via HMD (VR condition, 3D format). They were also randomly assigned to practice the same meditation either via scripted face-to-face instruction (in vivo [IV] format) or when viewed on a standard laptop display (non-VR condition, 2D format). Positive and negative affect and meditative experience ratings were self-reported and participants’ maintenance of focused attention to breathing (i.e., meditation breath attention scores [MBAS]) were recorded during each meditation.

Results

Meditating in VR (3D format) was associated with a heightened experience of awe overall. When compared to face-to-face instruction (IV format), VR meditation was rated as less embarrassing but also less enjoyable and more tiring. When compared to 2D format, VR meditations were associated with greater experiences of relaxation, less distractibility from the process of breathing, and less fatigue. No differences were found between VR and non-VR meditation in concentration (MBAS). Baseline posttraumatic stress symptoms were risk factors for experiencing distress while meditating in either (VR and non-VR) instructional format. Of those who reported a preference for one format, approximately half preferred the VR format and approximately half preferred the IV format.

Conclusions

Recorded 360° video instruction in meditation viewed with a HMD (i.e., VR/3D format) appears to offer some experiential advantage over instructions given in 2D format and may offer a safe—and for some even preferred—alternative to teaching meditation face-to-face.
Bijlagen
Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers
Literatuur
go back to reference Blevins, C. A., Weathers, F. W., Davis, M. T., Witte, T. K., & Domino, J. L. (2015). The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): development and initial psychometric evaluation. Journal of Trauma Stress., 28(6), 489–498. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22059.CrossRef Blevins, C. A., Weathers, F. W., Davis, M. T., Witte, T. K., & Domino, J. L. (2015). The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): development and initial psychometric evaluation. Journal of Trauma Stress., 28(6), 489–498. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1002/​jts.​22059.CrossRef
go back to reference Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: thematic analysis and code development. Sage Publications, Inc. Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: thematic analysis and code development. Sage Publications, Inc.
go back to reference Cikajlo, I., Čižman-Štaba, U., Vrhovac, S., Larkin, F., & Roddy, M. (2016). RECOVR: realising collaborative virtual reality for wellbeing and self-healing. Proceedings of the Third IASTED International Conference of Telehealth and Assistive Technology (TAT 2016). October 6 - 7, 2016 Zurich, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.2316/P.2016.846-008 Cikajlo, I., Čižman-Štaba, U., Vrhovac, S., Larkin, F., & Roddy, M. (2016). RECOVR: realising collaborative virtual reality for wellbeing and self-healing. Proceedings of the Third IASTED International Conference of Telehealth and Assistive Technology (TAT 2016). October 6 - 7, 2016 Zurich, Switzerland. https://​doi.​org/​10.​2316/​P.​2016.​846-008
go back to reference Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., Koss, M. P., & Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 14(4), 245–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0749-3797(98)00017-8.CrossRef Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., Koss, M. P., & Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 14(4), 245–258. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​s0749-3797(98)00017-8.CrossRef
go back to reference Frewen, P. A., & Lanius, R. A. (2015). Healing the traumatized self: consciousness, neuroscience, and treatment. Norton Professional Books. Frewen, P. A., & Lanius, R. A. (2015). Healing the traumatized self: consciousness, neuroscience, and treatment. Norton Professional Books.
go back to reference Frewen, P. A., Mackinley, J., Lundberg, E., & Wrath, A. J. (2011). Assessment of response to mindfulness meditation: meditation breath attention scores in association with subjective measures of state and trait mindfulness difficulty letting go of depressive cognition. Mindfulness, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/is12671-011-0069-y. Frewen, P. A., Mackinley, J., Lundberg, E., & Wrath, A. J. (2011). Assessment of response to mindfulness meditation: meditation breath attention scores in association with subjective measures of state and trait mindfulness difficulty letting go of depressive cognition. Mindfulness, 2(4). https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​is12671-011-0069-y.
go back to reference Frewen, P. A., Brown, M. F. D., & Lanius, R. A. (2017). Trauma-related altered states of consciousness (TRASC) in an online community sample: further support for the 4-D model of trauma-related dissociation. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research and Practice, 4(1), 92–114. https://doi.org/10.1037/cns0000091.CrossRef Frewen, P. A., Brown, M. F. D., & Lanius, R. A. (2017). Trauma-related altered states of consciousness (TRASC) in an online community sample: further support for the 4-D model of trauma-related dissociation. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research and Practice, 4(1), 92–114. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1037/​cns0000091.CrossRef
go back to reference Mistry, D., Zhu, J., Tremblay, P., Wekerle, C., Lanius, R., Jetly, R., & Frewen, P. (2020). Meditating in virtual reality: proof-of-concept intervention for posttraumatic stress. Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000959. Mistry, D., Zhu, J., Tremblay, P., Wekerle, C., Lanius, R., Jetly, R., & Frewen, P. (2020). Meditating in virtual reality: proof-of-concept intervention for posttraumatic stress. Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy. Advance online publication. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1037/​tra0000959.
go back to reference Navarro-Haro, M., López-del-Hoyo, Y., Campos, D., Linehan, M. M., Hoffman, H. G., García-Palacios, A., Modrego-Alarcon, M., & Borao, L.,& García-Campayo, J. (2017). Meditation experts try virtual reality mindfulness: a pilot study evaluation of the feasibility and acceptability of virtual reality to facilitate mindfulness practice in people attending a mindfulness conference. PLoS One, 12(11). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187777. Navarro-Haro, M., López-del-Hoyo, Y., Campos, D., Linehan, M. M., Hoffman, H. G., García-Palacios, A., Modrego-Alarcon, M., & Borao, L.,& García-Campayo, J. (2017). Meditation experts try virtual reality mindfulness: a pilot study evaluation of the feasibility and acceptability of virtual reality to facilitate mindfulness practice in people attending a mindfulness conference. PLoS One, 12(11). https://​doi.​org/​10.​1371/​journal.​pone.​0187777.
go back to reference Navarro-Haro, M. V., Modrego-Alarcón, M., Hoffman, H. G., López-Montoyo, A., Navarro-Gil, M., Montero-Marin, J., García-Palacios, A., Borao, L., & García-Campayo, J. (2019). Evaluation of a mindfulness-based intervention with and without virtual reality dialectical behavior therapy mindfulness skills training for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in primary care: a pilot study. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 55. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00055.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Navarro-Haro, M. V., Modrego-Alarcón, M., Hoffman, H. G., López-Montoyo, A., Navarro-Gil, M., Montero-Marin, J., García-Palacios, A., Borao, L., & García-Campayo, J. (2019). Evaluation of a mindfulness-based intervention with and without virtual reality dialectical behavior therapy mindfulness skills training for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in primary care: a pilot study. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 55. https://​doi.​org/​10.​3389/​fpsyg.​2019.​00055.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Peilot, B., Andrell, P., Samuelsson, A., Mannheimer, C., Frodi, A., & Sundler, A. J. (2014). Time to gain trust and change: experiences of attachment and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy among patients with chronic pain and psychiatric co-morbidity. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 9, 24420. https://doi.org/10.3402/qhw.v9.24420.CrossRefPubMed Peilot, B., Andrell, P., Samuelsson, A., Mannheimer, C., Frodi, A., & Sundler, A. J. (2014). Time to gain trust and change: experiences of attachment and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy among patients with chronic pain and psychiatric co-morbidity. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 9, 24420. https://​doi.​org/​10.​3402/​qhw.​v9.​24420.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Weathers, F. W., Litz, B. T., Keane, T. M., Palmieri, P. A., Marx, B. P., & Schnurr, P. P. (2013). The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) – LEC-5 and extended criterion A. Scale available from the National Center for PTSD at https://www.ptsd.va.gov. Weathers, F. W., Litz, B. T., Keane, T. M., Palmieri, P. A., Marx, B. P., & Schnurr, P. P. (2013). The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) – LEC-5 and extended criterion A. Scale available from the National Center for PTSD at https://​www.​ptsd.​va.​gov.
go back to reference Zhu, J., Wekerle, C., Lanius, R., & Frewen, P. (2019). Trauma- and stressor-related history and symptoms predict distress experienced during a brief mindfulness meditation sitting: moving toward trauma-informed care in mindfulness-based therapy. Mindfulness, 10(10), 1985–1996. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01173-z.CrossRef Zhu, J., Wekerle, C., Lanius, R., & Frewen, P. (2019). Trauma- and stressor-related history and symptoms predict distress experienced during a brief mindfulness meditation sitting: moving toward trauma-informed care in mindfulness-based therapy. Mindfulness, 10(10), 1985–1996. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s12671-019-01173-z.CrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Meditating in Virtual Reality 3: 360° Video of Perceptual Presence of Instructor
Auteurs
Madison Waller
Divya Mistry
Rakesh Jetly
Paul Frewen
Publicatiedatum
23-03-2021
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Mindfulness / Uitgave 6/2021
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-021-01612-w

Andere artikelen Uitgave 6/2021

Mindfulness 6/2021 Naar de uitgave

ORTHOGONAL ROTATION IN CONSCIOUSNESS

The Liberative Potential of Mindfulness