Introduction
Methods
Search strategy
Study selection process
Data extraction procedure
Results
Selection of papers
Study characteristics
Health-related quality of life measurement instruments
Name | Acronym | Purpose of measurement | HRQoL domainsa | Year of development | Target population | #Items | Scoring | Recall time | Completion time |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Assessment of Quality of life at the End of Life [30] | AQOL | Quality of life | All domains | 1999 | Patients in palliative care | 20 | Subscale | Last week | Not reported |
Brain Symptom and Impact Questionnaire [31] | BASIQ | Symptom severity and impact on daily functional activities | PHW, PSW | Not reported | Patients with brain metastases | 18 | Subscale and total | Last 24 h | Not reported |
Condensed Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale [32] | CMSAS | Symptom assessment | PHW, PSW | 2004 | Patients | 32 | Subscale | Past 7 days | Not reported |
EORTC QLQ-BM22 | Health-related quality of life | All domains | 2009 | Cancer patients with bone metastases | 22 | Subscale and total | Not reported | < 15 min (72% of the patients) | |
European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Brain module [37] | EORTC QLQ-BN20 | Quality of life | PHW, PSW | 2011 | Patients with brain metastases | 20 | Subscale and total | Not reported | Not reported |
EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL | Physical and psychosocial symptoms and functioning | PHW, PSW | 2006 | Patients with advanced, incurable, and symptomatic cancer | 15 | Subscale and total | 1 week | Not reported | |
EORTC QLQ-C30 (and a shortened version) | Health-related quality of life | PHW, PSW, SOW | 1993, 2004 | Cancer patients | 30, shortened version 12 | Single items, subscale, and total | Last week | 11–12 min | |
European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Questionnaire Oral Health [50] | EORTC QLQ-OH17 | Oral and dental problems that may impact on quality of life | PHW, PSW | 2012 | Cancer patients | 17 | Subscale and total | Past week and present | Not reported |
European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer measure of Spiritual Well-being [51] | EORTC QLQ-SWB36 | Spiritual well-being | PSW, SOW, SPW | 2013 | Palliative care patients with cancer | 36 | Subscale and total | Not reported | Not reported |
ESAS (ESAS-r, M-ESAS, ESAS-WB) | Commonly encountered symptom s in palliative care (ESAS-WB: feeling of well-being) | PHW, PSW | 1991, modified version in 2000 | Patients receiving palliative care | 9 (modified version: 10 VAS-items) | Total (ESAS-WB: single item) | Present | Not reported | |
EQ-5D [59] | EQ-5D | Generic health-related quality of life (especially used to conduct economic evaluations) | PHW, PSW, SOW | Not reported | Not reported | 5 and VAS-item | Total and VAS score | Present | Not reported |
FAACT | General aspects of quality of life and anorexia/cachexia-related concerns | PHW, PSW, SPW | 1997 | Patients suffering from anorexia/cachexia | 18 | Subscale and total | Not reported | Not reported | |
Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy General [48] | FACT-G | Cancer-specific quality of life | All domains | 1993 | Patients with cancer | 34 | Subscale and total | Not reported | Not reported |
Functional assessment of Cancer Therapy—Brain [62] | FACT-Br | Quality of life | PHW, PSW | Not reported | Patients with primary brain tumours | 50 | Total | Last 7 days | Not reported |
Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Treatment [49] | FACIT-G | Quality of life | All domains | 1993 | Cancer patients | 27 | Subscale and total | Last week | Not reported |
FACIT-Pal | Health-related quality of life | All domains | 2009 | Palliative care patients | 19 | Subscales | Not reported | Not reported | |
GHQ-12 | Psychological disorders | PSW, SOW, SPW | 1972 | Patients | 12 | Factors | Not reported | Not reported | |
HQLI | Quality of life | All domains | 1994, revised version in 1996 | Hospice patients | 25, revised version 28 | Total, revised four factor scores | Present | Not reported | |
HADS | Focus on the core depressive symptom of anhedonia | PHW, PSW | 1983 | Medically ill population | 14 | Subscale and total | Preceding week | < 5 min | |
Linear Analog Scale Assessments [70] | LASAs | Quality of life | PHW, PSW, SPW | 1999 | Neuro-oncology patients | 5 | Items | Past week | Not reported |
MQOL, revised version, Cardiff Short form (MQOL-CSF) | Quality of life | All domains | 1995, revised version in 1997 | Patients with a life-threatening illness | 17, revised version 1, short form 8 | Subscale and total | Past 2 days | 10–30 min, 15–35 min when verbally supervised | |
MSAS-(SF) | Physical and psychological symptom burden | PHW, PSW | 1994, short form in 2000 | Advanced cancer patients | 32 | Subscale and total | Previous week | Not reported | |
Minimal Documentation System [42] | MIDOS | Quality of life | All domains | 2000 | Cancer patients | 1 | Total | Current day | Not reported |
MVQOLI | Quality of life with a focus on the terminal phase of illness | All domains | 2012, revised version in 2005 | Patients in the terminal phase of illness | 25 | Subscale and total | Not reported | Not reported | |
NIH PROMIS | Quality of life | All domains | 2007 | Patients and relatives | Not fixed | Subscales | Past week | Not reported | |
POS | Core concern and palliative needs | All domains | 1999 | Patients with advanced cancer and their families | 10 | Items and total | 3 days | ≤ 10 min, mean completion time 6.9 min | |
Parenting Concerns Questionnaire [85] | PCQ | Parenting concerns | PHW, PSW, SOW | 2012 | Adults with cancer who have children ≤ 18 years old | 15 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
PDI | Dignity-related distress | All domains | 2002 | Patients nearing the end of life | 25 | Subscale and total | Not reported | Not reported | |
Peace, Equanimity, and Acceptance in the Cancer Experience [88] | PEACE | Acceptance and struggle with terminal illness | PSW, SPW | 2008 | Terminally ill patients with cancer | 12 | Subscale and total | Present | Not reported |
Patient-Evaluated Problem Scores [71] | PEPS | Quality of life | All domains | Not reported | Patients | 2 parts | Items | Not reported | 3–8 min |
Quality of Life and Health Questionnaire [89] | QLHQ | Health-related quality of life | PHW, PSW, SOW | Not reported | Not reported | 4 | Dimensions and VAS score | 1 week | Not reported |
QUAL-E (revised version: QUAL-EC) | Quality of life and quality of care at the end of life | All domains | 2002 | Patients nearing the end of life | 31, QUAL-EC has 17 | Subscale and total | Last month and 1 week | Not reported | |
Quality of Life Index [48] | QLI | Cancer-specific quality of life | All domains | 1981 | Patients with cancer | 5 | Total | Not reported | Not reported |
Quality of Life in Life-Threatening Illness—Patient version [93] | QOLLTI-P | Quality of life | All domains | 2010 | Terminally ill cancer patients | 1 | Content analysis of the open-ended question | 2 weeks | Not reported |
Resident Assessment Instrument for Palliative Care [94] | RAI-PC | Palliative care needs and patient characteristics needed to ensure the provision of the highest Quality of life | All domains | 2003 | Palliative elder care | 106 | Domains | Last 3 days | Not reported |
RSCL | Psychological and physical distress | PHW, PSW | 1982 | Physically ill patients | 39 | Subscale and total | Past 3 days | 8 min | |
Spine Oncology Study Group Outcomes Questionnaire [96] | SOSG-OQ | Quality of life | PHW, PSW, SOW | 2010 | Patients with spine metastases | 27 | Domains | Present | Not reported |
Spiritual Attitude and Involvement List [97] | SAIL | Connectedness with oneself, with others and nature, and with the transcendent | PSW, SOW, SPW | 2012 | Universal, a broad group of people (not specified) | 26 | Subscale and total | Not reported | Not reported |
Spiritual Needs Assessment for Patients [98] | SNAP | Spiritual needs | PSW, SPW, SPW | 2012 | Patients | 23 | Domains and total | Not reported | Not reported |
Measurement properties
Measurement instrument | Author | Population | Sample size | Content validity | Construct validity | Internal consistency | Reliability | Absolute measurement error | Responsiveness | Interpretability |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AQOL | [30] | Patients with lung cancer | 106 | + | + | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? |
BASIQ | [31] | Patients with brain metastases | 40 | + | ? | 0 | ? | 0 | ? | ? |
CMSAS | [32] | Cancer patients, terminal cancer patients, and patients with severe cancer pain | 479 | ? | + | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
EORTC QLQ-BM22 | [33] | Cancer patients with bone metastases | 170 | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
[34] | Cancer patients with bone metastases | 400 | + | + | ? | + | 0 | + | ? | |
[35] | Patients with bone metastases | 93 | + | + | 0 | 0 | ? | 0 | ? | |
[36] | Patients with bone metastases | 79 | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? | |
EORTC QLQ-BN20 | [37] | Patients with brain metastases | 99 | ? | ? | 0 | 0 | ? | 0 | ? |
EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL | [38] | Patients with advanced cancer | 276 | + | + | 0 | 0 | + | 0 | + |
[39] | Patients with advanced cancer | 41 | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
[42] | Newly diagnosed cancer patients | 346 | + | + | ? | 0 | 0 | ? | ? | |
[40] | Palliative advanced cancer patients | 369 | + | ? | 0 | 0 | + | 0 | ? | |
[41] | Pre-treatment cancer patients | 3282 | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? | ? | |
[43] | Patients treated with palliative radiotherapy | 247 | + | + | ? | 0 | 0 | ? | 0 | |
[44] | Patients with metastatic breast cancer | 150 | + | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? | |
EORTC QLQ-C30 | [45] | Patients with a variety of cancers | 535 | + | + | ? | 0 | 0 | ? | ? |
[46]a | Palliative cancer patients | 267 | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
EORTC QLQ-C30, ESAS, POS, MQOL, MSAS | [47] | Patients with advanced cancer | 171 | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
EORTC QLQ-OH17 | [50] | Cancer patients | 311 | + | 0 | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? |
EORTC QLQ-SWB36 | [51] | Palliative cancer patients | 113 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
EORTC QLQ-30, FACT, QLI | [48] | Metastatic prostate cancer | 110 | ? | + | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? |
EQ-5D | [59] | Patients who underwent surgical management for colorectal liver metastases | 75 | ? | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? | ? |
ESAS | [52] | Patients seen for consultation at radiotherapy | 421 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | + | ? | + |
[53] | Cancer patients | 233 | + | ? | ? | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
[55] | Advanced cancer patients | 32 | ? | 0 | 0 | ? | ? | 0 | 0 | |
[56] | Patients with incurable cancer | 80 | ? | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
ESAS-r | [57] | Patients who had been referred to the palliative care programs | 160 | + | 0 | 0 | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 |
ESAS-WB | [54] | Patients with advanced cancer | 213 | + | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? | 0 |
FAACT | [60] | Cancer patients and HIV-infected individuals | 213 | – | 0 | ? | 0 | 0 | + | 0 |
[61] | Patients diagnosed with unresectable stage III or IV NSCLC | 383 | ? | + | ? | 0 | ? | ? | ? | |
FACIT-G, and EORTC QLQ-C30, MIDOS | [49] | Patients receiving palliative care treatments | 144 | ? | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? |
FACIT-Pal | [63] | Persons with advanced cancer | 256 | + | ? | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? |
[64] | Advanced cancer patients | 60 | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
FACT-Br | [62] | Patients with brain metastases | 40 | + | ? | ? | + | 0 | ? | ? |
GHQ-12 | [65] | Cancer outpatients | 714 | ? | 0 | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
HADS and GHQ-12 | [66] | Hospice patients | 79 | ? | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? | ? |
HADS and RSCL | [69] | Patients with advanced breast cancer | 204 | ? | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? |
HQLI | [67] | Patients with cancer and their primary care givers | 68 | – | – | ? | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 |
[68] | Hospice home care patients with cancer | 255 | + | – | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
LASAs | [70] | Newly diagnosed high-grade glioma patients | 205 | + | ? | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? |
M-ESAS | [58] | Hospitalized palliative cancer patients, family members, and nurses working on the palliative care unit | 37 | ? | + | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? |
MQOL | [73] | Cancer patients | 100 | + | 0 | ? | ? | 0 | ? | ? |
[75] | Advanced cancer patients | 43 | + | ? | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
[74] | Cancer patients | 254 | + | – | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? | |
[76] | Patients receiving palliative care | 143 | + | ? | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? | |
MQOL and PEPS | [71] | Patients with advanced cancer | 36 | ? | ? | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
MQOL-CSF | [72] | Advanced cancer patients | 189 | + | + | – | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 |
MSAS-SF | [77] | Incurable metastatic cancer | 120 | ? | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? |
MVQOLI | [78] | Hospice patients | 173 | + | ? | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? |
MVQOLI-R | [79] | Seriously ill patients | 167 | + | – | – | ? | 0 | + | ? |
PCQ | [85] | Adults with cancer who had children ≤ 18 years old | 194 | + | ? | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? |
PDI | [86] | Patients receiving palliative care | 253 | + | ? | – | ? | 0 | ? | ? |
PEACE | [88] | Advanced cancer | 160 | – | ? | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
PID | [87] | People who had an advance directive | 2537 | ? | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
POS | [82] | Advanced disease population | 416 | 0 | + | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
[83] | Advanced cancer patients | 450 | + | + | ? | ? | 0 | ? | ? | |
[84] | Palliative care patients | 231 | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
PROMIS-Cancer scales | [80] | Patients diagnosed with primary brain tumours | 10 | ? | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
[81] | Advanced-stage cancer | 101 | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | ? | |
QLHQ | [89] | Patients with newly diagnosed advanced-stage cancer | 394 | ? | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? | ? |
QOLLTI-P | [93] | Palliative cancer patients | 110 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
QUAL-E | [90] | Patients with stage IV cancer, CHF, COPD, and dialysis-dependent ESRD patients | 200 | + | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? |
[91] | Patients with stage IV cancer, congestive heart failure, END-stage renal disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 248 | + | + | – | – | 0 | 0 | ? | |
QUAL-EC | [92] | Advanced cancer | 468 | + | + | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
RAI-PC | [94] | Patients | 149 | ? | 0 | 0 | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 |
RSCL | [95] | Cancer patients | 611 | + | 0 | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
SAIL | [97] | A student, a healthy population, a healthy interested, a curative cancer, and a palliative cancer sample | 1635 | + | + | + | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 |
SNAP | [98] | Cancer patients | 47 | + | + | ? | ? | 0 | 0 | 0 |
SOSG-OQ | [96] | Patients with spine metastases, myeloma, or lymphoma | 82 | + | ? | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |