Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 4/2015

01-04-2015 | Original Paper

Measurement of Nonverbal IQ in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Scores in Young Adulthood Compared to Early Childhood

Auteurs: Somer L. Bishop, Cristan Farmer, Audrey Thurm

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 4/2015

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Nonverbal IQ (NVIQ) was examined in 84 individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) followed from age 2 to 19. Most adults who scored in the range of intellectual disability also received scores below 70 as children, and the majority of adults with scores in the average range had scored in this range by age 3. However, within the lower ranges of ability, actual scores declined from age 2 to 19, likely due in part to limitations of appropriate tests. Use of Vineland-II daily living skills scores in place of NVIQ did not statistically improve the correspondence between age 2 and age 19 scores. Clinicians and researchers should use caution when making comparisons based on exact scores or specific ability ranges within or across individuals with ASD of different ages.
Literatuur
go back to reference Aiken, L. R. (1996). Assessment of intellectual functioning (2nd ed.). New York: Springer.CrossRef Aiken, L. R. (1996). Assessment of intellectual functioning (2nd ed.). New York: Springer.CrossRef
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.CrossRef American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.CrossRef
go back to reference Bishop, S. L., Guthrie, W., Coffing, M., & Lord, C. (2011). Convergent validity of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning and the differential ability scales in children with autism spectrum disorders. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 116(5), 331–343. doi:10.1352/1944-7558-116.5.331.CrossRefPubMed Bishop, S. L., Guthrie, W., Coffing, M., & Lord, C. (2011). Convergent validity of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning and the differential ability scales in children with autism spectrum disorders. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 116(5), 331–343. doi:10.​1352/​1944-7558-116.​5.​331.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference CDC. (2012). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders—Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 14 Sites, United States, 2008 MMWR CDC Surveillance Summaries (Vol. 61, pp. 1–19). CDC. (2012). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders—Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 14 Sites, United States, 2008 MMWR CDC Surveillance Summaries (Vol. 61, pp. 1–19).
go back to reference Chadwick, O., Cuddy, M., Kusel, Y., & Taylor, E. (2005). Handicaps and the development of skills between childhood and early adolescence in young people with severe intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49(Pt 12), 877–888. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00716.x.CrossRefPubMed Chadwick, O., Cuddy, M., Kusel, Y., & Taylor, E. (2005). Handicaps and the development of skills between childhood and early adolescence in young people with severe intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49(Pt 12), 877–888. doi:10.​1111/​j.​1365-2788.​2005.​00716.​x.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference DiLavore, P. C., Lord, C., & Rutter, M. (1995). The pre-linguistic autism diagnostic observation schedule. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 25(4), 355–379.CrossRefPubMed DiLavore, P. C., Lord, C., & Rutter, M. (1995). The pre-linguistic autism diagnostic observation schedule. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 25(4), 355–379.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Duncan, A. W., & Bishop, S. L. (2013). Understanding the gap between cognitive abilities and daily living skills in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders with average intelligence. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361313510068.PubMed Duncan, A. W., & Bishop, S. L. (2013). Understanding the gap between cognitive abilities and daily living skills in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders with average intelligence. Autism. doi:10.​1177/​1362361313510068​.PubMed
go back to reference Dykens, E. M., & Lense, M. (2012). Intellectual disabliities and autism spectrum disorder: A cautionary note (pp. 263–284). New York: Oxford. Dykens, E. M., & Lense, M. (2012). Intellectual disabliities and autism spectrum disorder: A cautionary note (pp. 263–284). New York: Oxford.
go back to reference Eldevik, S., Hastings, R. P., Hughes, J. C., Jahr, E., Eikeseth, S., & Cross, S. (2010). Using participant data to extend the evidence base for intensive behavioral intervention for children with autism. American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities, 115(5), 381–405. doi:10.1352/1944-7558-115.5.381.CrossRefPubMed Eldevik, S., Hastings, R. P., Hughes, J. C., Jahr, E., Eikeseth, S., & Cross, S. (2010). Using participant data to extend the evidence base for intensive behavioral intervention for children with autism. American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities, 115(5), 381–405. doi:10.​1352/​1944-7558-115.​5.​381.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Elliot, C. (1990). Manual for the differential abilities scales. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. Elliot, C. (1990). Manual for the differential abilities scales. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
go back to reference Elliott, C. D. (2007). Differential ability scales (2nd ed.). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation. Elliott, C. D. (2007). Differential ability scales (2nd ed.). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
go back to reference Gillberg, C., & Steffenburg, S. (1987). Outcome and prognostic factors in infantile autism and similar conditions: A population-based study of 46 cases followed through puberty. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 17(2), 273–287.CrossRefPubMed Gillberg, C., & Steffenburg, S. (1987). Outcome and prognostic factors in infantile autism and similar conditions: A population-based study of 46 cases followed through puberty. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 17(2), 273–287.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Hessl, D., Nguyen, D. V., Green, C., Chavez, A., Tassone, F., Hagerman, R. J., et al. (2009). A solution to limitations of cognitive testing in children with intellectual disabilities: the case of fragile X syndrome. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 1(1), 33–45. doi:10.1007/s11689-008-9001-8.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Hessl, D., Nguyen, D. V., Green, C., Chavez, A., Tassone, F., Hagerman, R. J., et al. (2009). A solution to limitations of cognitive testing in children with intellectual disabilities: the case of fragile X syndrome. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 1(1), 33–45. doi:10.​1007/​s11689-008-9001-8.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
go back to reference Howlin, P., Goode, S., Hutton, J., & Rutter, M. (2004). Adult outcome for children with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 45(2), 212–229.CrossRef Howlin, P., Goode, S., Hutton, J., & Rutter, M. (2004). Adult outcome for children with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 45(2), 212–229.CrossRef
go back to reference Howlin, P., Savage, S., Moss, P., Tempier, A., & Rutter, M. (2014). Cognitive and language skills in adults with autism: A 40-year follow-up. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 55(1), 49–58. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12115.CrossRef Howlin, P., Savage, S., Moss, P., Tempier, A., & Rutter, M. (2014). Cognitive and language skills in adults with autism: A 40-year follow-up. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 55(1), 49–58. doi:10.​1111/​jcpp.​12115.CrossRef
go back to reference Joseph, R. M., Tager-Flusberg, H., & Lord, C. (2002). Cognitive profiles and social-communicative functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 43(6), 807–821.CrossRef Joseph, R. M., Tager-Flusberg, H., & Lord, C. (2002). Cognitive profiles and social-communicative functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 43(6), 807–821.CrossRef
go back to reference Kraijer, D. (2000). Review of adaptive behavior studies in mentally retarded persons with autism/pervasive developmental disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30(1), 39–47.CrossRefPubMed Kraijer, D. (2000). Review of adaptive behavior studies in mentally retarded persons with autism/pervasive developmental disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30(1), 39–47.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Le Couteur, A., Lord, C., & Rutter, M. (2003). The autism diagnostic interview—Revised (ADI-R). CA: Los Angeles. Le Couteur, A., Lord, C., & Rutter, M. (2003). The autism diagnostic interview—Revised (ADI-R). CA: Los Angeles.
go back to reference Lord, C., Risi, S., DiLavore, P. S., Shulman, C., Thurm, A., & Pickles, A. (2006). Autism from 2 to 9 years of age. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63(6), 694–701.CrossRefPubMed Lord, C., Risi, S., DiLavore, P. S., Shulman, C., Thurm, A., & Pickles, A. (2006). Autism from 2 to 9 years of age. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63(6), 694–701.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Lord, C., Risi, S., Lambrecht, L., Cook, E. H, Jr, Leventhal, B. L., DiLavore, P. C., et al. (2000). The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic: A standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30(3), 205–223.CrossRefPubMed Lord, C., Risi, S., Lambrecht, L., Cook, E. H, Jr, Leventhal, B. L., DiLavore, P. C., et al. (2000). The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic: A standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30(3), 205–223.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Magiati, I., Tay, X. W., & Howlin, P. (2014). Cognitive, language, social and behavioural outcomes in adults with autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review of longitudinal follow-up studies in adulthood. Clinical Psychology Review, 34(1), 73–86. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.11.002.CrossRefPubMed Magiati, I., Tay, X. W., & Howlin, P. (2014). Cognitive, language, social and behavioural outcomes in adults with autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review of longitudinal follow-up studies in adulthood. Clinical Psychology Review, 34(1), 73–86. doi:10.​1016/​j.​cpr.​2013.​11.​002.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Mullen, E. M. (1995). Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service Inc. Mullen, E. M. (1995). Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service Inc.
go back to reference Munson, J., Dawson, G., Sterling, L., Beauchaine, T., Zhou, A., Elizabeth, K., et al. (2008). Evidence for latent classes of IQ in young children with autism spectrum disorder. American Journal of Mental Retardation, 113(6), 439–452.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Munson, J., Dawson, G., Sterling, L., Beauchaine, T., Zhou, A., Elizabeth, K., et al. (2008). Evidence for latent classes of IQ in young children with autism spectrum disorder. American Journal of Mental Retardation, 113(6), 439–452.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
go back to reference Roid, G. H. (2003). Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (5th ed.). Itasca, IL: Riverside Publishing. Roid, G. H. (2003). Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (5th ed.). Itasca, IL: Riverside Publishing.
go back to reference Sigman, M., & McGovern, C. (2005). Improvement in cognitive and language skills from preschool to adolescence in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35(1), 15–23.CrossRefPubMed Sigman, M., & McGovern, C. (2005). Improvement in cognitive and language skills from preschool to adolescence in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35(1), 15–23.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Sparrow, S. S., Cicchetti, D. V., & Balla, D. A. (2005). Vineland adaptive behavior scales (2nd ed.). Circle Pines, MN: AGS Publishing. Sparrow, S. S., Cicchetti, D. V., & Balla, D. A. (2005). Vineland adaptive behavior scales (2nd ed.). Circle Pines, MN: AGS Publishing.
go back to reference Turner, L. M., Stone, W. L., Pozdol, S. L., & Coonrod, E. E. (2006). Follow-up of children with autism spectrum disorders from age 2 to age 9. Autism, 10(3), 243–265.CrossRefPubMed Turner, L. M., Stone, W. L., Pozdol, S. L., & Coonrod, E. E. (2006). Follow-up of children with autism spectrum disorders from age 2 to age 9. Autism, 10(3), 243–265.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Wechsler, D. (1999). Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence. San Antonio, TX: Psychcorp. Wechsler, D. (1999). Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence. San Antonio, TX: Psychcorp.
go back to reference Wechsler, D., & Naglieri, J. A. (2006). Wechsler nonverbal scale of ability: Technical and interpretive manual. Bloomington, MN: Pearson. Wechsler, D., & Naglieri, J. A. (2006). Wechsler nonverbal scale of ability: Technical and interpretive manual. Bloomington, MN: Pearson.
Metagegevens
Titel
Measurement of Nonverbal IQ in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Scores in Young Adulthood Compared to Early Childhood
Auteurs
Somer L. Bishop
Cristan Farmer
Audrey Thurm
Publicatiedatum
01-04-2015
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 4/2015
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2250-3

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2015

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 4/2015 Naar de uitgave