Top

Gepubliceerd in:

24-12-2015 | Empirical Research

Maternal Emotion Regulation and Adolescent Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Family Functioning and Parenting

Auteurs: AliceAnn Crandall, Sharon R. Ghazarian, Randal D. Day, Anne W. Riley

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 11/2016

Abstract

Prior research links poor maternal emotion regulation to maladaptive parenting and child behaviors, but little research is available on these relationships during the adolescent period. We use structural equation modeling to assess the influence of poor maternal emotion regulation, measured as emotional reactivity and distancing, on adolescent behaviors (measured as aggression and prosocial behaviors) among 478 adolescents (53 % female; baseline age 10–13 years) and their mothers over a 5 year period. We also tested the possible mediating roles of family functioning and parenting behaviors between maternal emotion regulation and adolescent behaviors. Results indicated that higher baseline maternal emotional distancing and reactivity were not directly predictive of adolescents’ behaviors, but they were indirectly related through family functioning and parenting. Specifically, indulgent parenting mediated the relationship between maternal emotional reactivity and adolescent aggression. Maternal-reported family functioning significantly mediated the relationship between maternal emotional distancing and adolescent aggression. Family functioning also mediated the relationship between emotional distancing and regulation parenting. The results imply that poor maternal emotion regulation during their child’s early adolescence leads to more maladaptive parenting and problematic behaviors during the later adolescent period. However, healthy family processes may ameliorate the negative impact of low maternal emotion regulation on parenting and adolescent behavioral outcomes. The implications for future research and interventions to improve parenting and adolescent outcomes are discussed.

vorige artikel Sailing Uncharted Waters: Adolescent Personality Development and Social Relationship Experiences During a Year Abroad

volgende artikel Trivariate Modeling of Interparental Conflict and Adolescent Emotional Security: An Examination of Mother–Father–Child Dynamics

Family hostility was measured based on observer ratings of behaviors that demonstrated hostility from youth to mother, youth to father, mother to youth, and father to youth.

We used the Regulation subfactor rather than the full authoritative scale to have a more focused measure on a positive aspect of parenting that was particularly relevant to adolescence and had good reliability.

The five items used are original items 6, 10, 20, 22, and 25 of the Emotional Restraint Scale in the Weinberger Adjustment Inventory.

Full results of the confirmatory factor analysis are available from the first author upon request.

Bebiroglu, N., Geldhof, G. J., Pinderhughes, E. E., Phelps, E., & Lerner, R. M. (2013). From family to society: The role of perceived parenting behaviors in promoting youth civic engagement. Parenting: Science and Practice, 13, 153–168.CrossRef

Benson, M. J., & Buehler, C. (2012). Family process and peer deviance influences on adolescent aggression: Longitudinal effects across early and middle adolescence. Child Development, 83, 1213–1228.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Blondal, K. S., & Adalbjarnardottir, S. (2009). Parenting practices and school dropout: A longitudinal study. Adolescence, 44, 729–749.PubMed

Bowen, M. (1974). Alcoholism as viewed through family systems theory and family psychotherapy. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 233, 115–122.CrossRefPubMed

Bugental, D. B., & Schwartz, A. (2009). A cognitive approach to child mistreatment prevention among medically at-risk infants. Developmental Psychology, 45, 284–288.CrossRefPubMed

Cameron, C. D., & Payne, B. K. (2011). Escaping affect: How motivated emotion regulation creates insensitivity to mass suffering. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 1–15.CrossRefPubMed

Coccia, C., Darling, C. A., Rehm, M., Cui, M., & Sathe, S. K. (2013). Adolescent health, stress and life satisfaction: The paradox of indulgent parenting. Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 28, 211–221.CrossRef

Cole, P. M., Michel, M. K., & Teti, L. O. (1994). The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation: A clinical perspective. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59, 73–100.CrossRefPubMed

Cowan, P. A., & Cowan, C. P. (2002). Interventions as tests of family systems theories: Marital and family relationships in children’s development and psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 14, 731–759.CrossRefPubMed

Crandall, A., Deater-Deckard, K., & Riley, A. W. (2015). Maternal emotion and cognitive control capacities and parenting: A conceptual framework. Developmental Review, 36, 105–126.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Dahlin, E., Nyberg, L., Backman, L., & Neely, A. S. (2008). Plasticity of executive functioning in young and older adults: Immediate training gains, transfer, and long-term maintenance. Psychology and Aging, 23(4), 720–730.CrossRefPubMed

Day, R. D., & Padilla-Walker, L. M. (2009). Mother and father connectedness and involvement during early adolescence. Journal of Family Psychology, 23, 900–904.CrossRefPubMed

DeSteno, D., Gross, J. J., & Kubzansky, L. (2013). Affective science and health: The importance of emotion and emotion regulation. Health Psychology, 32, 474–486.CrossRefPubMed

Engen, H. G., & Singer, T. (2015). Compassion-based emotion regulation up-regulates experienced positive affect and associated neural networks. Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 10, 1291–1301.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Epstein, N. B., Baldwin, L. M., & Bishop, D. S. (1983). The McMaster family assessment device. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 9, 171–180.CrossRef

Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 348–362.CrossRefPubMed

Henneberger, A. K., Varga, S. M., Moudy, A., & Tolan, P. H. (2014). Family functioning and high risk adolescents’ aggressive behavior: Examining effects by ethnicity. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0222-8.PubMedPubMedCentral

Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55.CrossRef

Hughes, E. K., & Gullone, E. (2010). Parent emotion socialisation practices and their associations with personality and emotion regulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 49, 694–699.CrossRef

Iacobucci, D., Saldanha, N., & Deng, X. (2007). A meditation on mediation: Evidence that structural equations models perform better than regressions. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 17, 139–153.CrossRef

Keijsers, L., Loeber, R., Branje, S., & Meeus, W. (2011). Bidirectional links and concurrent development of parent-child relationships and boys’ offending behavior. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120, 878–889.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kliewer, W., Cunningham, J. N., Diehl, R., Parrish, K. A., Walker, J. M., Atiyeh, C., et al. (2004). Violence exposure and adjustment in inner-city youth: Child and caregiver emotion regulation skill caregiver-child relationship quality, and neighborhood cohesion as protective factors. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33, 477–487.CrossRefPubMed

Lee, S. S., Chronis-Tuscano, A., Keenan, K., Pelham, W. E., Loney, J., Van Hulle, C. A., et al. (2010). Association of maternal dopamine transporter genotype with negative parenting: Evidence for gene x environment interaction with child disruptive behavior. Molecular psychiatry, 15, 548–558.CrossRefPubMed

Li, S. D. (2011). Testing mediation using multiple regression and structural equation modeling analyses in secondary data. Evaluation Review, 35, 240–268.CrossRefPubMed

Lipps, G., Lowe, G. A., Gibson, R. C., Halliday, S., Morris, A., Clarke, N., & Wilson, R. N. (2012). Parenting and depressive symptoms among adolescents in four Caribbean societies. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 6, 31.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Little, T. (2013). Longitudinal structural equation modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.

Lupien, S. J., McEwen, B. S., Gunnar, M. R., & Heim, C. (2009). Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10, 434–445.CrossRefPubMed

MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002). A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological Methods, 7, 83–104.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Muthén, L., & Muthén, B. (1998–2012). Mplus user’s guide. Los Angeles: Muthen and Muthen.

National Research Council, Institute of Medicine National Research Council, & Institute of Medicine. (2009). Family, school, and community interventions. Preventing Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Disorders Among Young People, pp. 167–171.

Niendam, T. A., Laird, A. R., Ray, K. L., Dean, Y. M., Glahn, D. C., & Carter, C. S. (2012). Meta-analytic evidence for a superordinate cognitive control network subserving diverse executive functions. Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience, 12, 241–268.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Ochsner, K. N., Silvers, J. A., & Buhle, J. T. (2012). Functional imaging studies of emotion regulation: A synthetic review and evolving model of the cognitive control of emotion. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1251(1), E1–E24.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. Washington, DC: Oxford University Press.

Pugh, K. L., & Farrell, A. D. (2009). The impact of maternal depressive symptoms on adolescents’ aggression: Role of parenting and family mediators. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21, 589–602.CrossRef

Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385–401.CrossRef

Robinson, C. C., Mandleco, B., Olsen, S. F., & Hart, C. H. (2001). The parenting styles and dimensions questionnaire (PSQD). In B. F. Perlmutter, J. Touliatos, & G. W. Holden (Eds.), Handbook of family measurement techniques (Vol. 3). Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Rodriguez, C. M. (2010). Parent–child aggression: Association with child abuse potential and parenting styles. Violence and Victims, 25, 728–741.CrossRefPubMed

Rutherford, H. J., Wallace, N. S., Laurent, H. K., & Mayes, L. C. (2015). Emotion regulation in parenthood. Developmental Review, 36, 1–14.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Samuelson, K. W., Krueger, C. E., & Wilson, C. (2012). Relationships between maternal emotion regulation, parenting, and children’s executive functioning in families exposed to intimate partner violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27, 3532–3550.CrossRefPubMed

Sarıtaş, D. D., Grusec, J. E. J., & Gençöz, T. T. (2013). Warm and harsh parenting as mediators of the relation between maternal and adolescent emotion regulation. Journal of Adolescence, 36, 1093–1101.CrossRefPubMed

Sibinga, E. M. S., Kerrigan, D., Stewart, M., Johnson, K., Magyari, T., & Ellen, J. M. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for urban youth. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 17(3), 213–218.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Skowron, E. A. (2000). The role of differentiation of self in marital adjustment. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47, 229–237.CrossRef

Skowron, E. A., & Dendy, A. K. (2004). Differentiation of self and attachment in adulthood: Relational correlates of effortful control. Contemporary Family Therapy, 26, 337–357.CrossRef

Skowron, E. A., & Friedlander, M. L. (1998). The differentiation-of-self inventory: Development and initial validation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45, 235–246.CrossRef

Skowron, E. A., Kozlowski, J. M., & Pincus, A. L. (2010). Differentiation, self-other representations, and rupture-repair processes: Predicting child maltreatment-risk. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 57, 304–316.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Skowron, E., Stanley, K., & Shapiro, M. (2009). A longitudinal perspective on differentiation of self, interpersonal and psychological well-being in young adulthood. Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Journal, 31, 3–18.CrossRef

StataCorporation. (2012). Stata statistical software. Release 12. College Station, TX: StataCorp.

Voort, A., Linting, M., Juffer, F., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Schoenmaker, C., & IJzendoorn, M. H. (2013). The development of adolescents’ internalizing behavior: Longitudinal effects of maternal sensitivity and child inhibition. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43, 528–540.CrossRefPubMed

Weinberger, D., Schwartz, G., & Davidson, R. (1979). Low-anxious, high-anxious, and repressive coping styles: Psychometric patterns and behavioral and physiological responses to stress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 88, 369–380.CrossRefPubMed

Yoo, H., Feng, X., & Day, R. D. (2013). Adolescents’ empathy and prosocial behavior in the family context: A longitudinal study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42, 1858–1872.CrossRefPubMed

Youngblade, L. M., Theokas, C., Schulenberg, J., Curry, L., Huang, I. C., & Novak, M. (2007). Risk and promotive factors in families, schools, and communities: A contextual model of positive youth development in adolescence. Pediatrics, 119, S47–S53.CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Maternal Emotion Regulation and Adolescent Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Family Functioning and Parenting
Auteurs: AliceAnn Crandall
Sharon R. Ghazarian
Randal D. Day
Anne W. Riley
Publicatiedatum: 24-12-2015
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 11/2016
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-015-0400-3

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 11/2016

Transmission of Work Ethic in African-American Families and Its Links with Adolescent Adjustment

Authoritative School Climate and High School Student Risk Behavior: A Cross-sectional Multi-level Analysis of Student Self-Reports

Participation in Organized Activities Protects Against Adolescents’ Risky Substance Use, Even Beyond Development in Conscientiousness

Youth’s Initiations of Civic and Political Discussions in Class: Do Youth’s Perceptions of Teachers’ Behaviors Matter and Why?

Jennifer Drobac: Sexual Exploitation of Teenagers: Adolescent Development, Discrimination, and Consent Law

Zimring, F. E., Langer, M., and Tanenhaus, D. S.: Juvenile Justice in Global Perspective