Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research 4/2013

01-08-2013 | Original Article

Maternal Anxiety, Overprotection and Anxious Personality as Risk Factors for Eating Disorder: A Sister Pair Study

Auteurs: E. Taborelli, I. Krug, A. Karwautz, G. Wagner, M. Haidvogl, F. Fernandez-Aranda, R. Castro, S. Jiménez-Murcia, M. Anderluh, D. Collier, J. L. Treasure, N. Micali

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 4/2013

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Using a sister-pair design, we aimed to investigate the role of maternal anxiety in pregnancy and parental overprotection as risk factors for anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). We were also interested in investigating anxious personality traits in patients with AN and BN compared to their healthy sisters, and their possible association to overprotection. One-hundred-and-fifty-seven females (AN = 94; BN = 63) and their healthy sisters from four European centres were recruited. Data on temperament and childhood characteristics were obtained from cases and their sisters using the Temperament and Character Interview Revised (TCI-R) and the Oxford Risk Factor Interview (ORFI); maternal anxiety and overprotection were obtained from retrospective parental report. Both AN and BN women displayed significantly higher levels of separation anxiety in childhood in comparison to their sisters, but only women with AN showed anxious temperamental traits. Mothers of women with AN reported higher levels of anxiety during the index pregnancy (p < .01), compared to when pregnant with the healthy daughter. The age in months at which women with AN were first left with another adult for a night was also higher compared to their sisters (respectively medians: 12 (range 1–120), 9 (range 1–96), p < .05). This was not the case for women with BN. Maternal overprotection was not associated with index daughter temperament. This finding is suggestive of an association between AN and maternal stress and anxiety in utero and later overprotective care, whilst BN was not associated with maternal anxiety or overprotection.
Literatuur
go back to reference Adambegan, M., Wagner, G., Nader, I. W., Fernandez-Aranda, F., Treasure, J., & Karwautz, A. (2012). Internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems in childhood contribute to the development of anorexia and bulimia nervosa—A study comparing sister pairs. European Eating Disorder Review, 20(2), 116–120.CrossRef Adambegan, M., Wagner, G., Nader, I. W., Fernandez-Aranda, F., Treasure, J., & Karwautz, A. (2012). Internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems in childhood contribute to the development of anorexia and bulimia nervosa—A study comparing sister pairs. European Eating Disorder Review, 20(2), 116–120.CrossRef
go back to reference Amianto, F., Abbate-Daga, G., Morando, S., Sobrero, C., & Fassino, S. (2011). Personality development characteristics of women with anorexia nervosa, their healthy siblings and healthy controls: What prevents and what relates to psychopathology? Psychiatry Research, 187(3), 401–408.PubMedCrossRef Amianto, F., Abbate-Daga, G., Morando, S., Sobrero, C., & Fassino, S. (2011). Personality development characteristics of women with anorexia nervosa, their healthy siblings and healthy controls: What prevents and what relates to psychopathology? Psychiatry Research, 187(3), 401–408.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Anderluh, M., Tchanturia, K., Rabe-Hesketh, S., Collier, D., & Treasure, J. (2009). Lifetime course of eating disorders: Design and validity testing of a new strategy to define the eating disorders phenotype. Psychological Medicine, 39(1), 105–114.PubMedCrossRef Anderluh, M., Tchanturia, K., Rabe-Hesketh, S., Collier, D., & Treasure, J. (2009). Lifetime course of eating disorders: Design and validity testing of a new strategy to define the eating disorders phenotype. Psychological Medicine, 39(1), 105–114.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference APA. (2000). Diagnostic and statstical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. APA. (2000). Diagnostic and statstical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
go back to reference Bulik, C. M., Sullivan, P. F., Fear, J. L., & Joyce, P. R. (1997). Eating disorders and antecedent anxiety disorders: A controlled study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 96(2), 101–107.PubMedCrossRef Bulik, C. M., Sullivan, P. F., Fear, J. L., & Joyce, P. R. (1997). Eating disorders and antecedent anxiety disorders: A controlled study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 96(2), 101–107.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Caspi, A., Roberts, B. W., & Shiner, R. L. (2005). Personality development: Stability and change. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 453–484.PubMedCrossRef Caspi, A., Roberts, B. W., & Shiner, R. L. (2005). Personality development: Stability and change. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 453–484.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Cloninger, C. R. (1987). A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants—A proposal. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44(6), 573–588.PubMedCrossRef Cloninger, C. R. (1987). A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants—A proposal. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44(6), 573–588.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Cloninger, C. R. (1999). The temperament and character inventory-revised. St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Psychobiology of Personality. (Available from C. R. Cloninger, Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110.). Cloninger, C. R. (1999). The temperament and character inventory-revised. St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Psychobiology of Personality. (Available from C. R. Cloninger, Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110.).
go back to reference Cloninger, C. R., Svrakic, D. M., & Przybeck, T. R. (1993). A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50(12), 975–990.PubMedCrossRef Cloninger, C. R., Svrakic, D. M., & Przybeck, T. R. (1993). A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50(12), 975–990.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Cloninger, C. R., Zohar, A. H., Hirschmann, S., & Dahan, D. (2012). The psychological costs and benefits of being highly persistent: Personality profiles distinguish mood disorders from anxiety disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 136(3), 758–766.PubMedCrossRef Cloninger, C. R., Zohar, A. H., Hirschmann, S., & Dahan, D. (2012). The psychological costs and benefits of being highly persistent: Personality profiles distinguish mood disorders from anxiety disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 136(3), 758–766.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Corfield, F., Micali, N., Treasure J. (submitted). A meta-analysis of the Parental Bonding Instrument in eating disorders. Corfield, F., Micali, N., Treasure J. (submitted). A meta-analysis of the Parental Bonding Instrument in eating disorders.
go back to reference Deep, A. L., Nagy, L. M., Weltzin, T. E., Rao, R., & Kaye, W. H. (1995). Premorbid onset of psychopathology in long-term recovered anorexia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 17(3), 291–297.PubMed Deep, A. L., Nagy, L. M., Weltzin, T. E., Rao, R., & Kaye, W. H. (1995). Premorbid onset of psychopathology in long-term recovered anorexia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 17(3), 291–297.PubMed
go back to reference Degnan, K. A., Almas, A. N., & Fox, N. A. (2010). Temperament and the environment in the etiology of childhood anxiety. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(4), 497–517.PubMedCrossRef Degnan, K. A., Almas, A. N., & Fox, N. A. (2010). Temperament and the environment in the etiology of childhood anxiety. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(4), 497–517.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Fairburn, C. G., & Cooper, Z. (1993). The eating disorder examination. In: C. G. Fairburn & G. T. Wilson (Eds.), Binge eating: Nature, assessment and treatment (12th ed., pp. 317–360). Fairburn, C. G., & Cooper, Z. (1993). The eating disorder examination. In: C. G. Fairburn & G. T. Wilson (Eds.), Binge eating: Nature, assessment and treatment (12th ed., pp. 317–360).
go back to reference Fairburn, C. G., Doll, H. A., Welch, S. L., Hay, P. J., Davies, B. A., & O’Connor, M. E. (1998). Risk factors for binge eating disorder: A community-based, case-control study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55(5), 425–432.PubMedCrossRef Fairburn, C. G., Doll, H. A., Welch, S. L., Hay, P. J., Davies, B. A., & O’Connor, M. E. (1998). Risk factors for binge eating disorder: A community-based, case-control study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55(5), 425–432.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Fairburn, C. G., Welch, S. L., Doll, H. A., Davies, B. A., & O’Connor, M. E. (1997). Risk factors for bulimia nervosa. A community-based case-control study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54(6), 509–517.PubMedCrossRef Fairburn, C. G., Welch, S. L., Doll, H. A., Davies, B. A., & O’Connor, M. E. (1997). Risk factors for bulimia nervosa. A community-based case-control study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54(6), 509–517.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Fassino, S., Abbate-Daga, G., Amianto, F., Leombruni, P., Boggio, S., & Rovera, G. G. (2002). Temperament and character profile of eating disorders: A controlled study with the temperament and character inventory. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 32(4), 412–425.PubMedCrossRef Fassino, S., Abbate-Daga, G., Amianto, F., Leombruni, P., Boggio, S., & Rovera, G. G. (2002). Temperament and character profile of eating disorders: A controlled study with the temperament and character inventory. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 32(4), 412–425.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Fassino, S., Amianto, F., Rocca, G., & Daga, G. A. (2010). Parental bonding and eating psychopathology in bulimia nervosa: Personality traits as possible mediators. Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale, 19(3), 214–222.PubMed Fassino, S., Amianto, F., Rocca, G., & Daga, G. A. (2010). Parental bonding and eating psychopathology in bulimia nervosa: Personality traits as possible mediators. Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale, 19(3), 214–222.PubMed
go back to reference Glover, V., & Hill, J. (2012). Sex differences in the programming effects of prenatal stress on psychopathology and stress responses: An evolutionary perspective. Physiology & Behavior, 106(5), 736–740. Glover, V., & Hill, J. (2012). Sex differences in the programming effects of prenatal stress on psychopathology and stress responses: An evolutionary perspective. Physiology & Behavior, 106(5), 736–740.
go back to reference Godart, N., Berthoz, S., Perdereau, F., & Jeammet, P. (2006). Comorbidity of anxiety with eating disorders and OCD. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(2), 326; author reply 327–329. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.2.326. Godart, N., Berthoz, S., Perdereau, F., & Jeammet, P. (2006). Comorbidity of anxiety with eating disorders and OCD. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(2), 326; author reply 327–329. doi:10.​1176/​appi.​ajp.​163.​2.​326.
go back to reference Godart, N. T., Flament, M. F., Perdereau, F., & Jeammet, P. (2002). Comorbidity between eating disorders and anxiety disorders: A review. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 32(3), 253–270. doi:10.1002/eat.10096.PubMedCrossRef Godart, N. T., Flament, M. F., Perdereau, F., & Jeammet, P. (2002). Comorbidity between eating disorders and anxiety disorders: A review. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 32(3), 253–270. doi:10.​1002/​eat.​10096.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Halmi, K. A., Eckert, E., Marchi, P., Sampugnaro, V., Apple, R., & Cohen, J. (1991). Comorbidity of psychiatric diagnoses in anorexia nervosa. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48(8), 712–718.PubMedCrossRef Halmi, K. A., Eckert, E., Marchi, P., Sampugnaro, V., Apple, R., & Cohen, J. (1991). Comorbidity of psychiatric diagnoses in anorexia nervosa. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48(8), 712–718.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Halmi, K. A., Sunday, S. R., Klump, K. L., Strober, M., Leckman, J. F., Fichter, M., et al. (2003). Obsessions and compulsions in anorexia nervosa subtypes. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 33(3), 308–319. doi:10.1002/eat.10138.PubMedCrossRef Halmi, K. A., Sunday, S. R., Klump, K. L., Strober, M., Leckman, J. F., Fichter, M., et al. (2003). Obsessions and compulsions in anorexia nervosa subtypes. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 33(3), 308–319. doi:10.​1002/​eat.​10138.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Halmi, K. A., Tozzi, F., Thornton, L. M., Crow, S., Fichter, M. M., Kaplan, A. S., et al. (2005). The relation among perfectionism, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder in individuals with eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 38(4), 371–374. doi:10.1002/eat.20190.PubMedCrossRef Halmi, K. A., Tozzi, F., Thornton, L. M., Crow, S., Fichter, M. M., Kaplan, A. S., et al. (2005). The relation among perfectionism, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder in individuals with eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 38(4), 371–374. doi:10.​1002/​eat.​20190.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hildebrandt, T., Bacow, T., Markella, M., & Loeb, K. L. (2012). Anxiety in anorexia nervosa and its management using family-based treatment. European Eating Disorder Review, 20(1), e1–e16.CrossRef Hildebrandt, T., Bacow, T., Markella, M., & Loeb, K. L. (2012). Anxiety in anorexia nervosa and its management using family-based treatment. European Eating Disorder Review, 20(1), e1–e16.CrossRef
go back to reference Hoffman, E. R., Gagne, D. A., Thornton, L. M., Klump, K. L., Brandt, H., Crawford, S., et al. (2012). Understanding the association of impulsivity, obsessions, and compulsions with binge eating and purging behaviours in anorexia nervosa. European Eating Disorder Review, 20(3), e129–e136.CrossRef Hoffman, E. R., Gagne, D. A., Thornton, L. M., Klump, K. L., Brandt, H., Crawford, S., et al. (2012). Understanding the association of impulsivity, obsessions, and compulsions with binge eating and purging behaviours in anorexia nervosa. European Eating Disorder Review, 20(3), e129–e136.CrossRef
go back to reference Hudson, J. L., & Rapee, R. M. (2001). Parent-child interactions and anxiety disorders: An observational study. Behavior Research and Therapy, 39(12), 1411–1427. Hudson, J. L., & Rapee, R. M. (2001). Parent-child interactions and anxiety disorders: An observational study. Behavior Research and Therapy, 39(12), 1411–1427.
go back to reference Jacobs, M. J., Roesch, S., Wonderlich, S. A., Crosby, R., Thornton, L., Wilfley, D. E., et al. (2009). Anorexia nervosa trios: Behavioral profiles of individuals with anorexia nervosa and their parents. Psychological Medicine, 39(3), 451–461.PubMedCrossRef Jacobs, M. J., Roesch, S., Wonderlich, S. A., Crosby, R., Thornton, L., Wilfley, D. E., et al. (2009). Anorexia nervosa trios: Behavioral profiles of individuals with anorexia nervosa and their parents. Psychological Medicine, 39(3), 451–461.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Karwautz, A., Collier, D., & Treasure, J. L. (2002). Pre-morbid psychiatric morbidity, comorbidity and personality in patients with anorexia nervosa compared to their healthy sisters. European Eating Disorder Review, 10(4), 255–270.CrossRef Karwautz, A., Collier, D., & Treasure, J. L. (2002). Pre-morbid psychiatric morbidity, comorbidity and personality in patients with anorexia nervosa compared to their healthy sisters. European Eating Disorder Review, 10(4), 255–270.CrossRef
go back to reference Karwautz, A., Wagner, G., Waldherr, K., Nader, W., Fernandez-Aranda, F., Estivill, X., et al. (2011). Gene–environment interaction in anorexia nervosa: Relevance of non-shared environment and the serotonin transporter gene. Molecular Psychiatry, 16, 590–592.PubMedCrossRef Karwautz, A., Wagner, G., Waldherr, K., Nader, W., Fernandez-Aranda, F., Estivill, X., et al. (2011). Gene–environment interaction in anorexia nervosa: Relevance of non-shared environment and the serotonin transporter gene. Molecular Psychiatry, 16, 590–592.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kaye, W. H., Lilenfeld, L. R., Berrettini, W. H., Strober, M., Devlin, B., Klump, K. L., et al. (2000). A search for susceptibility loci for anorexia nervosa: Methods and sample description. Biological Psychiatry, 47(9), 794–803.PubMedCrossRef Kaye, W. H., Lilenfeld, L. R., Berrettini, W. H., Strober, M., Devlin, B., Klump, K. L., et al. (2000). A search for susceptibility loci for anorexia nervosa: Methods and sample description. Biological Psychiatry, 47(9), 794–803.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Keller, M. B., Lavori, P. W., Friedman, B., Nielsen, E., Endicott, J., McDonald-Scott, P., et al. (1987). The longitudinal interval follow-up evaluation: A comprehensive method for assessing outcome in prospective longitudinal studies. Archives of General Psychiatry, 8(9), 540–548.CrossRef Keller, M. B., Lavori, P. W., Friedman, B., Nielsen, E., Endicott, J., McDonald-Scott, P., et al. (1987). The longitudinal interval follow-up evaluation: A comprehensive method for assessing outcome in prospective longitudinal studies. Archives of General Psychiatry, 8(9), 540–548.CrossRef
go back to reference Lilenfeld, L. R., Wonderlich, S., Riso, L. P., Crosby, R., & Mitchell, J. (2006). Eating disorders and personality: A methodological and empirical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(3), 299–320.PubMedCrossRef Lilenfeld, L. R., Wonderlich, S., Riso, L. P., Crosby, R., & Mitchell, J. (2006). Eating disorders and personality: A methodological and empirical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(3), 299–320.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Martin, G. C., Wertheim, E. H., Prior, M., Smart, D., Sanson, A., & Oberklaid, F. (2000). A longitudinal study of the role of childhood temperament in the later development of eating concerns. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 27(2), 150–162.PubMedCrossRef Martin, G. C., Wertheim, E. H., Prior, M., Smart, D., Sanson, A., & Oberklaid, F. (2000). A longitudinal study of the role of childhood temperament in the later development of eating concerns. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 27(2), 150–162.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Matsunaga, H., Kiriike, N., Iwasaki, Y., Miyata, A., Yamagami, S., & Kaye, W. H. (1999). Clinical characteristics in patients with anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychological Medicine, 29(2), 407–414.PubMedCrossRef Matsunaga, H., Kiriike, N., Iwasaki, Y., Miyata, A., Yamagami, S., & Kaye, W. H. (1999). Clinical characteristics in patients with anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychological Medicine, 29(2), 407–414.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Mazzeo, S. E., & Bulik, C. M. (2009). Environmental and genetic risk factors for eating disorders: What the clinician needs to know. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 18(1), 67–82. Mazzeo, S. E., & Bulik, C. M. (2009). Environmental and genetic risk factors for eating disorders: What the clinician needs to know. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 18(1), 67–82.
go back to reference Micali, N., Hilton, K., Natatani, E., Heyman, I., Turner, C., & Mataix-Cols, D. (2011). Is childhood OCD a risk factor for eating disorders later in life? A longitudinal study. Psychological Medicine, 1–7. doi:10.1017/S003329171100078X. Micali, N., Hilton, K., Natatani, E., Heyman, I., Turner, C., & Mataix-Cols, D. (2011). Is childhood OCD a risk factor for eating disorders later in life? A longitudinal study. Psychological Medicine, 1–7. doi:10.​1017/​S003329171100078​X.
go back to reference Micali, N., Holliday, J., Karwautz, A., Haidvogl, M., Wagner, G., Fernandez-Aranda, F., et al. (2007). Childhood eating and weight in eating disorders: A multi-centre European study of affected women and their unaffected sisters. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 76(4), 234–241.PubMed Micali, N., Holliday, J., Karwautz, A., Haidvogl, M., Wagner, G., Fernandez-Aranda, F., et al. (2007). Childhood eating and weight in eating disorders: A multi-centre European study of affected women and their unaffected sisters. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 76(4), 234–241.PubMed
go back to reference Monneyron, F., Southgate, L., Corcos, M., & Treasure, J. (in preparation). Eating and personality assessment of mother/child dyads both with a history of an eating disorder. Monneyron, F., Southgate, L., Corcos, M., & Treasure, J. (in preparation). Eating and personality assessment of mother/child dyads both with a history of an eating disorder.
go back to reference O'Connor, T. G., Heron, J., Golding, J., Beveridge, M., & Glover, V. (2002). Maternal antenatal anxiety and children's behavioural/emotional problems at 4 years. Report from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 180, 502–508. O'Connor, T. G., Heron, J., Golding, J., Beveridge, M., & Glover, V. (2002). Maternal antenatal anxiety and children's behavioural/emotional problems at 4 years. Report from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 180, 502–508.
go back to reference Pollice, C., Kaye, W. H., Greeno, C. G., & Weltzin, T. E. (1997). Relationship of depression, anxiety, and obsessionality to state of illness in anorexia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 21(4), 367–376.PubMedCrossRef Pollice, C., Kaye, W. H., Greeno, C. G., & Weltzin, T. E. (1997). Relationship of depression, anxiety, and obsessionality to state of illness in anorexia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 21(4), 367–376.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rastam, M., Gillberg, I. C., & Gillberg, C. (1995). Anorexia nervosa 6 years after onset: Part II. Comorbid psychiatric problems. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 36(1), 70–76.PubMedCrossRef Rastam, M., Gillberg, I. C., & Gillberg, C. (1995). Anorexia nervosa 6 years after onset: Part II. Comorbid psychiatric problems. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 36(1), 70–76.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Shoebridge, P. J., & Gowers, S. G. (2000). Parental high concern and adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa: A case–control study to investigate direction of causality. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 176(2), 132–137. doi:10.1192/bjp.176.2.132.PubMedCrossRef Shoebridge, P. J., & Gowers, S. G. (2000). Parental high concern and adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa: A case–control study to investigate direction of causality. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 176(2), 132–137. doi:10.​1192/​bjp.​176.​2.​132.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Silberg, J. L., & Bulik, C. M. (2005). The developmental association between eating disorders symptoms and symptoms of depression and anxiety in juvenile twin girls. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(12), 1317–1326.PubMedCrossRef Silberg, J. L., & Bulik, C. M. (2005). The developmental association between eating disorders symptoms and symptoms of depression and anxiety in juvenile twin girls. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(12), 1317–1326.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Swinbourne, J., Hunt, C., Abbott, M., Russell, J., St Clare, T., & Touyz, S. (2012). The comorbidity between eating disorders and anxiety disorders: Prevalence in an eating disorder sample and anxiety disorder sample. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 46(2), 118–131.PubMedCrossRef Swinbourne, J., Hunt, C., Abbott, M., Russell, J., St Clare, T., & Touyz, S. (2012). The comorbidity between eating disorders and anxiety disorders: Prevalence in an eating disorder sample and anxiety disorder sample. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 46(2), 118–131.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Swinbourne, J. M., & Touyz, S. W. (2007). The co-morbidity of eating disorders and anxiety disorders: A review. European Eating Disorder Review, 15(4), 253–274.CrossRef Swinbourne, J. M., & Touyz, S. W. (2007). The co-morbidity of eating disorders and anxiety disorders: A review. European Eating Disorder Review, 15(4), 253–274.CrossRef
go back to reference Talge, N. M., Neal, C., & Glover, V. (2007). Antenatal maternal stress and long-term effects on child neurodevelopment: How and why? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48(3–4), 245–261.PubMedCrossRef Talge, N. M., Neal, C., & Glover, V. (2007). Antenatal maternal stress and long-term effects on child neurodevelopment: How and why? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48(3–4), 245–261.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Treasure, J., Murphy, T., Szmukler, G., Todd, G., Gavan, K., & Joyce, J. (2001). The experience of caregiving for severe mental illness: A comparison between anorexia nervosa and psychosis. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 36(7), 343–347.PubMedCrossRef Treasure, J., Murphy, T., Szmukler, G., Todd, G., Gavan, K., & Joyce, J. (2001). The experience of caregiving for severe mental illness: A comparison between anorexia nervosa and psychosis. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 36(7), 343–347.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Troisi, A., Di Lorenzo, G., Alcini, S., Nanni, R. C., Di Pasquale, C., & Siracusano, A. (2006). Body dissatisfaction in women with eating disorders: Relationship to early separation anxiety and insecure attachment. Psychosomatic Medicine, 68(3), 449–453.PubMedCrossRef Troisi, A., Di Lorenzo, G., Alcini, S., Nanni, R. C., Di Pasquale, C., & Siracusano, A. (2006). Body dissatisfaction in women with eating disorders: Relationship to early separation anxiety and insecure attachment. Psychosomatic Medicine, 68(3), 449–453.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Van den Bergh, B. R., Mulder, E. J., Mennes, M., & Glover, V. (2005). Antenatal maternal anxiety and stress and the neurobehavioural development of the fetus and child: Links and possible mechanisms. A review. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral, 29(2), 237–258.CrossRef Van den Bergh, B. R., Mulder, E. J., Mennes, M., & Glover, V. (2005). Antenatal maternal anxiety and stress and the neurobehavioural development of the fetus and child: Links and possible mechanisms. A review. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral, 29(2), 237–258.CrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Maternal Anxiety, Overprotection and Anxious Personality as Risk Factors for Eating Disorder: A Sister Pair Study
Auteurs
E. Taborelli
I. Krug
A. Karwautz
G. Wagner
M. Haidvogl
F. Fernandez-Aranda
R. Castro
S. Jiménez-Murcia
M. Anderluh
D. Collier
J. L. Treasure
N. Micali
Publicatiedatum
01-08-2013
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 4/2013
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-012-9518-8

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2013

Cognitive Therapy and Research 4/2013 Naar de uitgave