Top

Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment

Gepubliceerd in:

07-09-2016

Maladaptive Parenting, Temperament, Early Maladaptive Schemas, and Depression: A Moderated Mediation Analysis

Auteurs: Jim A. Haugh, Matt Miceli, Jenny DeLorme

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment | Uitgave 1/2017

Abstract

According to the Schema Therapy Model, maladaptive parenting styles interact with a child’s unique temperament in the development of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs), which in turn increase one’s risk for developing pathology. However, few authors have examined the comprehensive model. The purpose of this study was to assess the indirect effect of perceived parenting styles on depressive symptoms through EMSs. Furthermore, a series of moderated mediation analyses were conducted to examine whether the indirect effect varies as a function of temperament. A total of 403 undergraduate students completed measures of perceived parenting experiences, temperament, EMSs, and depressive symptoms. Results indicated that the schema domains of disconnection/rejection and impaired autonomy mediated the relationship between perceived parenting styles and depressive symptoms. Moderation of the indirect effect was only found in two of the twelve tested models. This study lends partial support to the Schema Therapy model and also offers a new way of looking at the interactive nature of the constructs.

vorige artikel The Factor Structure of ADHD – Different Models, Analyses and Informants in a Bifactor Framework

volgende artikel Is Distraction an Adaptive or Maladaptive Strategy for Emotion Regulation? A Person-Oriented Approach

Avagianou, P. A., & Zafiropoulou, M. (2008). Parental bonding and depression: personality as a mediating factor. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 20, 261–269. doi:10.1080/13651500802095004.CrossRefPubMed

Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York: Penguin Group.

Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., & Harrison, R. (1983). Cognitions, attitudes, and personality dimensions in depression. British Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 1, 1–16.

Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., & Brown, G.K. (1996). Manual for Beck Depression Inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation

Calvete, E. (2013) Emotional abuse as a predictor of early maladaptive schemas in adolescents contributions to the development of depressive and social anxiety symptoms. Child Abuse and Neglect, 38(4), 735–746. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.10.014.

Calvete, E., Estévez, A., López de Arroyabe, E., & Ruiz, P. (2005). The schema questionnaire-- short form: structure and relationship with automatic thoughts and symptoms of affective disorders. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 21(2), 90–99. doi:10.1027/1015-5759.21.2.90.CrossRef

Calvete, E., Orue, I., & González-Diez, Z. (2013). An examination of the structure and stability of early maladaptive schemas by means of the young schema questionnaire-3. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 29, 283–290. doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000158.CrossRef

Cámara, M., & Calvete, E. (2012). Early maladaptive schemas as moderators of the impact of stressful events on anxiety and depression in university students. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 34(1), 58–68. doi:10.1007/s10862-011-9261-6.CrossRef

Cockram, D. M., Drummond, P. D., & Lee, C. W. (2010). Role and treatment of early maladaptive schemas in Vietnam veterans with PTSD. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 17, 165–182. doi:10.1002/cpp.690. PubMed

Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Dozois, D., Dobson, K., & Ahnberg, J. (1998). A psychometric evaluation of the Beck Depression Inventory–II. Psychological Assessment, 10(2), 83–89. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.10.2.83. CrossRef

Epkins, C. C., & Heckler, D. R. (2011). Integrating etiological models of social anxiety and depression in youth: Evidence for a cumulative interpersonal risk model. Clinical Child Family Psychology Review,, 14, 329–376. doi:10.1007/s10567-011-0101-8.CrossRef

Evans, D. E., & Rothbart, M. K. (2007). Developing a model for adult temperament. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 868–888. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2006.11.002.CrossRef

Frazier, P., Tix, A., & Barron, K. (2004). Testing moderator and mediator effects in counseling psychology research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51(1), 115–134. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.51.1.115.CrossRef

Halvorsen, M., Wang, C.E., Richter, J., Myrland, I., Pederson, S.K., Eisemann, M., & Waterloo, K. (2009). Early maladaptive schemas, temperament and character traits in clinically depressed and previously depressed subjects. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 16, 394–-407. doi:10.1002/cpp.618

Harris, A. E., & Curtain, L. (2002). Parental perceptions, early maladaptive schemas, and depressive symptoms in young adults. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26(3), 405–416. doi:10.1007/s10608-009-9259-5.CrossRef

Hayes, A.F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: a regression-based approach. Guilford Press, New York.

Hoffart, A., Sexton, H., Hedley, L. M., Wang, C. E., Holthe, H., Haugum, J. A., & Holte, A. (2005). The structure of maladaptive schemas: a confirmatory factor analysis and a psychometric evaluation of factor-derived scales. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29(6), 627–644. doi:10.1007/s10608-005-9630-0.CrossRef

Kiff, C. J., Lengua, L. J., & Bush, N. R. (2011). Temperament variation in sensitivity to parenting: predicting changes in depression and anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39, 1199–1212. doi:10.1007/s10802-011-9539-x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Laverdière, O., Diguer, L., Gamache, D., & Evans, D. E. (2010). The French adaptation of the short form of the adult temperament questionnaire. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 26(3), 212–219. doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000028.CrossRef

Lumley, M. N., & Harkness, K. L. (2007). Specificity in the relations among childhood adversity, early maladaptive schemas, and symptom profiles in adolescent depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 31(5), 639–657. doi:10.1007/s10608-006-9100-3.CrossRef

Manfredi, C., Caselli, G., Rovetto, F., Rebecchi, D., Ruggiero, G., Sassoroli, S., & Spada, M. (2011). Temperament and parenting styles as predictors of ruminative brooding and worry. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 186–191. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.09.023.CrossRef

Mason, O., Platts, H., & Tyson, M. (2005). Early maladaptive schemas and adult attachment in a UK clinical population. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 78(4), 549–564. doi:10.1348/147608304X21374

McCarthy, M. C., & Lumley, M. N. (2012). Sources of emotional maltreatment and the differential development of unconditional and conditional schemas. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 41(4), 288–297. doi:10.1080/16506073.2012.676669.CrossRefPubMed

McLeod, B. D., Weisz, J. R., & Wood, J. J. (2007). Examining the association between parenting and childhood depression: a meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 986–1003. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.03.001.CrossRefPubMed

Muris, P. (2006). ). Maladaptive schemas in non-clinical adolescents: relations to perceived parental rearing behaviours, big five personality factors and psychopathological symptoms. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 13(6), 405–413. doi:10.1002/cpp.506.CrossRef

Oei, T. S., & Baranoff, J. (2007). Young schema questionnaire: review of psychometric and measurement issues. Australian Journal of Psychology, 59(2), 78–86. doi:10.1080/00049530601148397.CrossRef

Parker, G., Tupling, H., & Brown, L. B. (1979). A parental bonding instrument. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 52, 1–10. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1979.tb02487.x.CrossRef

Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D., & Hayes, A. F. (2007). Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses: Theory, methods, and prescriptions. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42, 185–227. doi:10.1010/00273170701341316.CrossRefPubMed

Renner, L., Peters, A., & Huibers, M. (2012). Early maladaptive schemas in depressed patients; Stability and relation with depressive symptoms over the course of treatment. Journal of Affective Disorders, 136(3), 581–590. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.10.027.CrossRefPubMed

Riso, L., Maddux, R., & Santorelli, N. (2007). Early maladaptive schemas in chronic depression. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association.

Roelofs, J., Lee, C., Ruijten, T., & Lobbestael, J. (2011). The mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in the relation between quality of attachment relationships and symptoms of depression in adolescents. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 39(4), 471–479. doi:10.1017/S1352465811000117.CrossRefPubMed

Rothbart, M. K. (2007). Temperament, development, and personality. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 207–212. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00505.x

Rothbart, M.K. (2011). Becoming who we are: temperament and personality in development. Guilford Press: New York.

Saariaho, T., Saariaho, A., Karila, I., & Joukamaa, M. I. (2011). Early maladaptive scehma factors, chronic pain and depressiveness: A study with 271 chronic pain patients and 331 control participants. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 19, 214–233. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2010.00849.x.CrossRefPubMed

Sarıtaş-Atalar, D., & Gençöz, T. (2015). The mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in the relationship between maternal rejection and psychological problems. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 26, 40–47.PubMed

Sato, T. (2003). Sociotropy and autonomy: the nature of vulnerability. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 137(5), 447–466. doi:10.2466/PR0.94.1.67-76.CrossRef

Shah, R., & Waller, G. (2000). Parental style and vulnerability to depression: The role of core beliefs. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,, 188(1), 19–25.CrossRef

Sheffield, A., Waller, G., Emanuelli, F., Murray, J., & Meyer, C. (2005). Links between parenting and core beliefs: preliminary psychometric validation of the young parenting inventory. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29(6), 787–802. doi:10.1007/s10608-005-4291-6.CrossRef

Stopa, L., Thorne, P., Waters, A., & Preston, J. (2001). Are the short and long forms of the young schema questionnaire comparable and how well does each version predict psychopathology scores? Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 15(3), 253–272.

Thimm, J. (2010). Mediation of early maladaptive schemas between perceptions of parental rearing style and personality disorder symptoms. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 4(1), 52–59. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.07.005.CrossRef

Valiente, C., Romero, N., Hervás, G., & Espinosa, R. (2014). Evaluative beliefs as mediators of the relationship between parental bonding and symptoms of paranoia and depression. Psychiatry Research, 215(1), 75–81. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.10.014.CrossRefPubMed

van Vlierberghe, L., Timbremont, B., Braet, C., & Basile, B. (2007). Parental schemas in youngsters referred for antisocial behaviour problems demonstrating depressive symptoms. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 18, 515–533. doi:10.1080/14789940701515442.CrossRef

Verstraeten, K., Vasey, M. W., Raes, F., & Bijttebier, P. (2009). Temperament and risk for depressive symptoms in adolescence: mediation by rumination and moderation by effortful control. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37, 349–361. doi:10.1007/s10802-008-9293-x.CrossRefPubMed

Watson, D., Gamez, W., & Simms, L. J. (2005). Basic dimensions of temperament and their relation to anxiety and depression: a symptom-based perspective. Journal of Research in Personality, 39, 46–66. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2004.09.006.CrossRef

Welburn, K., Corstine, M., Dagg, P., Pontefract, A., & Jordan, S. (2002). The schema questionnaire-short form: factor analysis and relationship between schemas and symptoms. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26(4), 519–530. doi:10.1023/A: 101623 1902020.CrossRef

Wetter, E. K., & Hankin, B. L. (2009). Mediational pathways through which positive and negative emotionality contribute to anhedonic symptoms of depression: a prospective study of adolescents. J Abnormal Child Psychology, 37(4), 507–520. doi:10.1007/s10802-009-9299-z.CrossRef

Wright, M., Crawford, E., & Del Castillo, D. (2009). Childhood emotional maltreatment and later psychological distress among college students: The mediating role of maladaptive schemas. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33(1), 59–68. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.12.007.CrossRef

Young, J.E. (1999). Young Parenting Inventory (YPI) (On-line). New York: Cognitive therapy center of New York.

Young, J. E., & Brown, G. (1990). Young schema questionnaire. New York: Cognitive therapy center of New York.

Young, J. E., & Brown, G. (2003). Young schema questionnaire. New York: Cognitive therapy center of New York.

Young, J. E., Klosko, J.S., & Weishaar, M.E. (2003). Schema therapy: a practitioner’s guide. New York: Guilford Press.

Zentner, M., & Bates, J. E. (2008). Child temperament: an integrative review of concepts, research programs and measures. European Journal of Developmental Science, 2, 7–37.

Titel: Maladaptive Parenting, Temperament, Early Maladaptive Schemas, and Depression: A Moderated Mediation Analysis
Auteurs: Jim A. Haugh
Matt Miceli
Jenny DeLorme
Publicatiedatum: 07-09-2016
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment / Uitgave 1/2017
Print ISSN: 0882-2689
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3505
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-016-9559-5

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2017

Reevaluating Suicidal Behaviors: Comparing Assessment Methods to Improve Risk Evaluations

Child Conduct Problems Across Home and School Contexts: a Person-Centered Approach

The Factor Structure of ADHD – Different Models, Analyses and Informants in a Bifactor Framework

Is Distraction an Adaptive or Maladaptive Strategy for Emotion Regulation? A Person-Oriented Approach

Psychopathic Traits Associate Differentially to Anger, Disgust and Fear Recognition among Men and Women

Psychopathy and Functions of Aggression in Emerging Adulthood: Moderation by Anger Rumination and Gender