Introduction
Method
Participants and data
Background variable | Total sample
N = 540 | In analysis
N = 450 |
---|---|---|
Background characteristics | ||
Gender (female) | 63.1% | 61.7% |
Mean age (SD) | ||
At pretest | 37.6 (11.6) | 36.8 (11.8) |
At posttest | – | 37.3 (11.9) |
Education (# cases) | (n = 448) | (n = 285) |
Low | 129 (27.7%) | 61 (21.4%) |
Medium | 239 (51.4%) | 170 (59.6%) |
High | 80 (17.2%) | 54 (18.9%) |
OQ45 scores at pretest | ||
Symptom distress (SD) | 45.4 (16.0) | 47.7 (14.9) |
Interpersonal relations (IR) | 15.6 (6.5) | 15.8 (6.2) |
Social role (SR) | 12.1 (5.0) | 12.6 (5.2) |
Anxiety and somatic distress (ASD) | 24.5 (9.4) | 25.8 (8.7) |
Total score OQ-45 | 73.2 (23.9) | 76.1 (22.3) |
OQ-45 posttest and change scores: mean score posttest (SD); % improvement; % deteriorationa
| ||
Symptom distress (SD) | – | 41.3 (16.5); 35.3%; 6.7% |
Interpersonal relations (IR) | – | 14.8 (6.7); 7.6%; 4.7% |
Social role (SR) | – | 11.5 (5.0); 7.1%; 3.1% |
Anxiety and somatic distress (ASD) | – | 22.4 (9.4); 19.6%; 3.8% |
Total score OQ-45 | – | 67.6 (25.1); 36.0%; 7.8% |
The Outcome Questionnaire-45 (OQ-45)
Data analysis strategy
Results
Gamma change
# Factors | Goodness-of-fit statistics | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
RMSEA | CFI | TLI | SRMR | |
Pretest data | ||||
1 | 0.133 | 0.861 | 0.854 | 0.097 |
2 | 0.111 | 0.908 | 0.898 | 0.079 |
3 | 0.083 | 0.952 | 0.943 | 0.058 |
4 | 0.075 | 0.963 | 0.954 | 0.051 |
Posttest data | ||||
1 | 0.158 | 0.902 | 0.897 | 0.096 |
2 | 0.127 | 0.940 | 0.933 | 0.075 |
3 | 0.093 | 0.969 | 0.964 | 0.053 |
4 | 0.084 | 0.976 | 0.971 | 0.046 |
Item No. | Content | Hypotha
| Pretest | Posttest | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | F2 | F3 | F1 | F2 | F3 | |||
1 | Friendship | IR |
0.59
|
0.65
| ||||
2 | Tiredness | SD (ASD) |
0.56
|
0.68
| ||||
3 | Interest in things | SD | 0.27 |
0.40
| 0.41 |
0.49
| ||
4 | Work/school related stress | SR | 0.27 |
0.59
|
0.72
| |||
5 | Blaming oneself | SD |
0.41
| 0.38 | 0.38 |
0.51
| ||
6 | Irritation | SD | 0.30 |
0.33
| 0.24 | 0.25 |
0.48
| |
7 | Relationship related happiness | IR | 0.32 |
0.36
| 0.31 | |||
8 | Suicide ideation | SD | 0.37 |
0.39
| 0.32 |
0.48
| ||
9 | Feeling weak | SD (ASD)
|
0.68
|
0.75
| ||||
10 | Feeling fearful | SD (ASD) |
0.74
|
0.80
| ||||
13 | General happiness | SD |
0.66
| 0.28 |
0.66
| 0.28 | ||
14 | Work/study balance | SR | 0.48 |
0.60
| ||||
15 | Self-esteem | SD |
0.47
| 0.47 | 0.49 |
0.54
| ||
16 | Family troubles | IR |
0.36
|
0.47
| ||||
17 | Sex life | IR |
0.32
|
0.36
| 0.28 | |||
18 | Loneliness | IR |
0.46
| 0.30 |
0.46
| 0.44 | ||
19 | Having arguments | IR |
0.27
| 0.26 |
0.35
| 0.25 | ||
20 | Love by others | IR |
0.71
|
0.82
| ||||
21 | Leisure pleasure | SR |
0.51
| 0.30 |
0.59
| 0.24 | ||
22 | Concentration | SD |
0.55
|
0.71
| ||||
23 | Hopelessness | SD | 0.34 |
0.51
| 0.29 |
0.60
| ||
24 | Self-esteem | SD |
0.61
| 0.30 |
0.64
| 0.31 | ||
25 | Rumination | SD (ASD)
|
0.69
|
0.72
| ||||
27 | Pain in stomach | SD (ASD) |
0.43
|
0.53
| ||||
28 | Work/study | SR |
0.25
|
0.33
| ||||
29 | Palpitations | SD (ASD) |
0.60
|
0.65
| ||||
30 | Friendship | IR | 0.64
| 0.28 |
0.51
| |||
31 | Life satisfaction | SD |
0.72
| 0.24 |
0.72
| 0.25 | ||
33 | General anxiety | SD (ASD) |
0.64
|
0.74
| ||||
34 | Muscle pain | SD (ASD) |
0.40
|
0.55
| ||||
35 | Anxiety in public places | SD (ASD) |
0.53
|
0.55
| ||||
36 | Nervousness | SD (ASD) |
0.73
|
0.76
| ||||
37 | Love-life satisfaction | IR |
0.62
| 0.22 |
0.72
| |||
38 | Work/school performance | SR | 0.24 |
0.63
|
0.75
| |||
39 | Disagreements | SR |
0.82
|
0.76
| ||||
40 | Emotional problems | SD |
0.44
|
0.54
| ||||
41 | Sleeping problems | SD (ASD) |
0.57
|
0.61
| ||||
42 | Distress | SD | 0.32 |
0.61
| 0.32 |
0.66
| ||
43 | Relationship | IR |
0.73
|
0.76
| ||||
44 | Angriness | SR |
0.69
|
0.61
| ||||
45 | Headaches | SD (ASD) |
0.46
|
0.56
|
Beta change
Measurement occasion | Estimated item parameters | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
a
|
b
1
|
b
2
|
b
3
|
b
4
| |
I feel that I am not doing well at work/school (item 38) | |||||
Pretest | 2.14 | −0.73 | 0.08 | 0.96 | 1.96 |
Posttest | 3.65 | −0.79 | 0.18 | 1.03 | 1.77 |
I feel blue (item 42) | |||||
Pretest | 2.75 | −1.31 | −0.73 | 0.37 | 1.71 |
Posttest | 3.07 | −1.60 | −0.53 | 0.62 | 1.69 |