Top

Mindfulness

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

Gepubliceerd in:

20-05-2020 | ORIGINAL PAPER

Longitudinal Bidirectional Associations Between Dispositional Mindfulness, Maladaptive Schemas, and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents

Auteurs: Joana Gómez-Odriozola, Esther Calvete

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 8/2020

Abstract

Objectives

Grounded on transactional models of psychopathology, the aim of the present study was to examine whether there are bidirectional long-term predictive associations between mindfulness facets, maladaptive schemas, and depressive symptoms during adolescence.

Methods

A sample of 855 students (417 girls, M_age = 14.60, SD = 1.00) was assessed at three time points separated by 6 months. They completed the Short Form of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, the disconnection/rejection domain of Young Schema Questionnaire, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.

Results

Depressive symptoms predicted schemas and lower describe, non-reacting, and non-judging. Schemas predicted higher depression, observe, and non-reacting and lower describe, acting with awareness, and non-judging. Describe and acting with awareness predicted reductions of schemas and depressive symptoms, respectively. These bidirectional relationships were mostly similar for a high depression group and a low depression group. Subsequent bootstrapping analyses supported significant mediating effects.

Conclusions

These findings support the use of transactional models and the inclusion of bidirectional relationships in explanatory models of psychopathology. Furthermore, depressive symptoms and cognitive vulnerabilities can worsen mindfulness facets in adolescents.

vorige artikel The Centrality of Mindfulness-Related Meditations in Early Buddhist Discourse

volgende artikel The Influence of Anxiety and Mindfulness on Relationship Quality: an Investigation of Comparative and Dyadic Effects

Abela, J. R. Z., & Hankin, B. L. (2008). Cognitive vulnerability to depression in children and adolescents: a developmental psychopathology perspective. In J. R. Z. Abela & B. L. Hankin (Eds.), Handbook of depression in children and adolescents (pp. 35–78). Guilford.

Alba, J., & Calvete, E. (2019). Bidirectional relationships between stress, depressive symptoms, and cognitive vulnerabilities in adolescents. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 38(2), 87–112. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2019.38.2.87. CrossRef

Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191105283504. CrossRefPubMed

Barnes, S. M., & Lynn, S. J. (2010). Mindfulness skills and depressive symptoms: a longitudinal study. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 30(1), 77–91. https://doi.org/10.2190/ic.30.1.e. CrossRef

Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. International Universities Press.

Borsboom, D., & Cramer, A. O. (2013). Network analysis: an integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9, 91–121. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185608. CrossRefPubMed

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822–848. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822. CrossRefPubMed

Brown, K. W., West, A. M., Loverich, T. M., & Biegel, G. M. (2011). Assessing adolescent mindfulness: validation of an adapted mindful attention awareness scale in adolescent normative and psychiatric populations. Psychological Assessment, 23(4), 1023. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021338. CrossRefPubMed

Calvete, E., & Cardeñoso, O. (1999). Creencias y síntomas depresivos: Resultados preliminares en el desarrollo de una Escala de Creencias Irracionales abreviada [Beliefs and depressive symptoms: preliminary results in the development of a brief irrational beliefs scale]. Anales de Psicología, 15(2), 179–190 https://revistas.um.es/analesps/issue/view/2201. Accessed April 2020.

Calvete, E., Orue, I., & González-Díez, Z. (2013a). An examination of the structure and stability of early maladaptive schemas by means of the Young Schema Questionnaire-3. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 29(4), 283–290. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000158. CrossRef

Calvete, E., Orue, I., & Hankin, B. L. (2013b). Transactional relationships among cognitive vulnerabilities, stressors, and depressive symptoms in adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41(3), 399–410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-012-9691-y. CrossRefPubMed

Calvete, E., Orue, I., & Hankin, B. L. (2015). A longitudinal test of the vulnerability stress model with early maladaptive schemas for depressive and social anxiety symptoms in adolescents. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 37(1), 85–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-014-9438-x. CrossRef

Calvete, E., Las Hayas, C., & del Barrio, A. G. (2018). Longitudinal associations between resilience and quality of life in eating disorders. Psychiatry Research, 259, 470–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.11.031. CrossRefPubMed

Calvete, E., Morea, A., & Orue, I. (2019). The role of dispositional mindfulness in the longitudinal associations between stressors, maladaptive schemas, and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Mindfulness, 10(3), 547–558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-1000-6. CrossRef

Cámara, M., & Calvete, E. (2012). Early maladaptive schemas as moderators of the impact of stressful events on anxiety and depression in university students. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 34(1), 58–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-011-9261-6. CrossRef

Cash, M., & Whittingham, K. (2010). What facets of mindfulness contribute to psychological well-being and depressive, anxious, and stress-related symptomatology? Mindfulness, 1(3), 177–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-010-0023-4. CrossRef

Ciesla, J. A., Reilly, L. C., Dickson, K. S., Emanuel, A. S., & Updegraff, J. A. (2012). Dispositional mindfulness moderates the effects of stress among adolescents: rumination as a mediator. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 41(6), 760–770. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2012.698724. CrossRef

Cortazar, N., Calvete, E., Fernández-González, L., & Orue, I. (2019). Development of a Short Form of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire–Adolescents for children and adolescents. Journal of Personality Assessment, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2019.1616206.

Costello, E. J., Mustillo, S., Erkanli, A., Keeler, G., & Angold, A. (2003). Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(8), 837–844. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.8.837. CrossRefPubMed

Desrosiers, A., Klemanski, D. H., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2013). Mapping mindfulness facets onto dimensions of anxiety and depression. Behavior Therapy, 44(3), 373–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2013.02.001. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Dixon, H. C., & Overall, N. C. (2016). Dispositional mindfulness attenuates the link between daily stress and depressed mood. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 35(3), 255–268. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2016.35.3.255. CrossRef

Dozois, D. J. A., & Rnic, K. (2015). Core beliefs and self-schematic structure in depression. Current Opinion in Psychology, 4, 98–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.12.008. CrossRef

Dozois, D. J., Martin, R. A., & Bieling, P. J. (2009). Early maladaptive schemas and adaptive/maladaptive styles of humor. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 33(6), 585–596. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-008-9223-9. CrossRef

Eberhart, N. K., Auerbach, R. P., Bigda-Peyton, J., & Abela, J. R. Z. (2011). Maladaptive schemas and depression: tests of stress generation and diathesis-stress models. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 30(1), 75–104. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2011.30.1.75. CrossRef

Elhai, J. D., Levine, J. C., O’Brien, K. D., & Armour, C. (2018). Distress tolerance and mindfulness mediate relations between depression and anxiety sensitivity with problematic smartphone use. Computers in Human Behavior, 84, 477–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.03.026. CrossRef

Fischer, T. D., Smout, M. F., & Delfabbro, P. H. (2016). The relationship between psychological flexibility, early maladaptive schemas, perceived parenting and psychopathology. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 5(3), 169–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2016.06.002. CrossRef

Halvorsen, M., Wang, C. E., Eisemann, M., & Waterloo, K. (2010). Dysfunctional attitudes and early maladaptive schemas as predictors of depression: a 9-year follow-up study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34(4), 368–379. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-009-9259-5. CrossRef

Hankin, B. L., & Abramson, L. Y. (2001). Development of gender differences in depression: an elaborated cognitive vulnerability–transactional stress theory. Psychological Bulletin, 127(6), 773. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.127.6.773. CrossRefPubMed

Hankin, B. L., Young, J. F., Abela, J. R., Smolen, A., Jenness, J. L., Gulley, L. D., Technow, J. R., Gottlieb, A. B., Cohen, J. R., & Oppenheimer, C. W. (2015). Depression from childhood into late adolescence: influence of gender, development, genetic susceptibility, and peer stress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 124(4), 803–816. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000089. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Hankin, B. L., Snyder, H. R., & Gulley, L. D. (2016). Cognitive risks in developmental psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti (Ed.), Developmental psychopathology: maladaptation and psychopathology (Vol. 3, 3rd ed., pp. 312–385). Hoboken: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy308. CrossRef

Jury, T. K., & Jose, P. E. (2019). Does rumination function as a longitudinal mediator between mindfulness and depression? Mindfulness, 10(6), 1091–1104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-1031-z. CrossRef

Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy/bpg016. CrossRef

Leve, L. D., & Cicchetti, D. (2016). Longitudinal transactional models of development and psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 28(3). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579416000201.

Lewinsohn, P. M., Steinmetz, J. L., Larson, D. W., & Franklin, J. (1981). Depression-related cognitions: antecedent or consequence? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 90(3), 213. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.90.3.213. CrossRefPubMed

Little, T. D. (2013). Longitudinal structural equation modeling. Guilford Press.

Mairet, K., Boag, S., & Warburton, W. (2014). How important is temperament? The relationship between coping styles, early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 14(2), 171–190 https://www.ijpsy.com/volumen14/num2/.

Martin, K. P., Blair, S. M., Clark, G. I., Rock, A. J., & Hunter, K. R. (2018). Trait mindfulness moderates the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and depressive symptoms. Mindfulness, 9(1), 140–150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0753-7. CrossRef

Masten, A. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2010). Developmental cascades. Development and Psychopathology, 22(3), 491–495. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579410000222. CrossRefPubMed

Orchard, F., Pass, L., & Reynolds, S. (2016). ‘It was all my fault’; negative interpretation bias in depressed adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44(5), 991–998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-015-0092-x. CrossRefPubMed

Orue, I., Calvete, E., & Padilla, P. (2014). Brooding rumination as a mediator in the relation between early maladaptive schemas and symptoms of depression and social anxiety in adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 37(8), 1281–1291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.09.004. CrossRefPubMed

Pagnini, F., Cavalera, C., Rovaris, M., Mendozzi, L., Molinari, E., Philips, D., & Langer, E. (2019). Longitudinal associations between mindfulness and well-being in people with multiple sclerosis. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 19(1), 22–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2018.11.003. CrossRefPubMed

Petrocchi, N., & Ottaviani, C. (2016). Mindfulness facets distinctively predict depressive symptoms after two years: the mediating role of rumination. Personality and Individual Differences, 93, 92–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.017. CrossRef

Radford, S., Eames, C., Brennan, K., Lambert, G., Crane, C., Williams, J. M. G., Duggan, D. S., & Barnhofer, T. (2014). Trait mindfulness as a limiting factor for residual depressive symptoms: an explorative study using quantile regression. PLoS One, 9(7), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100022. CrossRef

Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385–401. https://doi.org/10.1177/014662167700100306. CrossRef

Raphiphatthana, B., Jose, P. E., & Kielpikowski, M. (2016). How do the facets of mindfulness predict the constructs of depression and anxiety as seen through the lens of the tripartite theory? Personality and Individual Differences, 93, 104–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.005. CrossRef

Rohde, P., Lewinsohn, P. M., & Seeley, J. R. (1994). Are adolescents changed by an episode of major depression? Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 33(9), 1289–1298. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199411000-00010. CrossRef

Royuela-Colomer, E., & Calvete, E. (2016). Mindfulness facets and depression in adolescents: rumination as a mediator. Mindfulness, 7(5), 1092–1102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0547-3. CrossRef

Rushton, J. L., Forcier, M., & Schectman, R. M. (2002). Epidemiology of depressive symptoms in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(2), 199–205. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200202000-00014. CrossRef

Rutter, M., Kim-Cohen, J., & Maughan, B. (2006). Continuities and discontinuities in psychopathology between childhood and adult life. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(3–4), 276–295. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01614.x. CrossRefPubMed

Shorey, R. C., Anderson, S., & Stuart, G. L. (2015a). Trait mindfulness and early maladaptive schemas in women seeking residential substance use treatment: a preliminary investigation. Addiction Research & Theory, 23(4), 280–286. https://doi.org/10.3109/16066359.2014.981810. CrossRef

Shorey, R. C., Brasfield, H., Anderson, S., & Stuart, G. L. (2015b). The relation between trait mindfulness and early maladaptive schemas in men seeking substance use treatment. Mindfulness, 6(2), 348–355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-013-0268-9. CrossRefPubMed

Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: new procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7(4), 422. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.7.4.422. CrossRefPubMed

Spanish Society of Epidemiology and the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine. (2000). Una propuesta de medida de la clase social [A proposed measure of social class]. Atencion Primaria, 25(5), 350–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0212-6567(00)78518-0. CrossRef

Tan, L. B., & Martin, G. (2016). Mind full or mindful: a report on mindfulness and psychological health in healthy adolescents. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 21(1), 64–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2012.709174. CrossRef

Thimm, J. C. (2017). Relationships between early maladaptive schemas, mindfulness, self-compassion, and psychological distress. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 17(1), 3–17.

van Vreeswijk, M., Broersen, J., & Nadort, M. (Eds.). (2012). The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of schema therapy: theory, research and practice. John Wiley & Sons.

van Vreeswijk, M., Broersen, J., & Schurink, G. (2014). Mindfulness and schema therapy: a practical guide. John Wiley & Sons.

Wang, C. E., Halvorsen, M., Eisemann, M., & Waterloo, K. (2010). Stability of dysfunctional attitudes and early maladaptive schemas: a 9-year follow-up study of clinically depressed subjects. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 41(4), 389–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.04.002. CrossRefPubMed

World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). Depression. World Health Organization http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs369/en/. Apr 2020.

Yalçin, S. B., Kavakli, M., Kesici, S., & Ak, M. (2017). University students’ early maladaptive schemas’ prediction of their mindfulness levels. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(20), 174–181.

Young, J. E. (2006). Young Schema Questionnaire-3. Cognitive Therapy Center.

Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. E. (2003). Schema therapy: a practitioner’s guide (3rd ed.). Guilford.

Titel: Longitudinal Bidirectional Associations Between Dispositional Mindfulness, Maladaptive Schemas, and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents
Auteurs: Joana Gómez-Odriozola
Esther Calvete
Publicatiedatum: 20-05-2020
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness / Uitgave 8/2020
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01402-w

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 8/2020

Subjective changes in mind-body attunement associated with transdiagnostic group–based compassion-focused therapy

Meta-analysis of Technology-Enabled Mindfulness-Based Programs for Negative Affect and Mindful Awareness

Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Addiction

Psychometric Evaluation of the Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale Using Rasch Analysis

Not Only the Forest and Trees but Also the Ground They Are Rooted in: Identifying Profiles of Self-Compassion from the Perspective of Dialecticism

Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Self-compassion in Health Care Professionals: a Meta-analysis