Long-term abstinence and predictors of tobacco treatment uptake among hospitalized smokers with serious mental illness enrolled in a smoking cessation trial

Hospital patients with serious mental illness (SMI) have high rates of smoking. There are few post-discharge treatment models available for this population and limited research on their treatment uptake following discharge. This study is a secondary analysis of an RCT that compared multi-session intensive telephone counseling versus referral to state quitline counseling at two safety net hospitals in New York City. For this analysis, we selected all trial participants with a history of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or bipolar disorder (N = 384) and used multivariable logistic regression to compare groups on self-reported 30-day abstinence at 6 months and to identify patient factors associated with use of tobacco treatment. Analyses found no significant group differences in abstinence 6 months (28% quitline vs. 29% intervention, p > 0.05), use of cessation medications (42% quitline vs. 47% intervention, p > 0.05) or receipt of at least one counseling call (47% quitline vs. 42% intervention, p > 0.05). Patients with hazardous drinking (p = 0.04) or perceived good health (p = 0.03) were less likely to use cessation medications. Homeless patients were less likely to use counseling (p = 0.02). Most patients did not use cessation treatment after discharge, and the intensive intervention did not improve abstinence rates over quitline referral. Interventions are needed to improve use of cessation treatment and long-term abstinence in patients with SMI.