Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in:

24-11-2015 | Empirical Research

Loneliness, Stress, and Social Support in Young Adulthood: Does the Source of Support Matter?

Auteurs: Chih-Yuan Steven Lee, Sara E. Goldstein

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 3/2016

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Social support protects individuals against adversity throughout the lifespan, and is especially salient during times of intense social change, such as during the transition to adulthood. Focusing on three relationship-specific sources of social support (family, friends, and romantic partners), the current study examined the stress-buffering function of social support against loneliness and whether the association between social support and loneliness with stress held constant would vary by its source. The role of gender in these associations was also considered. The sample consisted of 636 ethnically diverse college youth (age range 18–25; 80 % female). The results suggest that the stress-buffering role of social support against loneliness varies by its source. Only support from friends buffered the association between stress and loneliness. Further, when stress was held constant, the association between social support and loneliness differed by the sources, in that support from friends or romantic partners (but not from family) was negatively associated with loneliness. Regarding gender differences, the adverse impact of lower levels of familial or friends’ support on loneliness was greater in females than in males. This research advances our understanding of social support among college-aged youth; implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.
Literatuur
go back to reference Aanes, M. M., Mittelmark, M. B., & Hetland, J. (2009). The experience of loneliness: Main and interactive effects of interpersonal stress, social support and positive affect. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 11, 25–33. doi:10.1080/14623730.2009.9721797.CrossRef Aanes, M. M., Mittelmark, M. B., & Hetland, J. (2009). The experience of loneliness: Main and interactive effects of interpersonal stress, social support and positive affect. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 11, 25–33. doi:10.​1080/​14623730.​2009.​9721797.CrossRef
go back to reference Abe, J., Talbot, D. M., & Geelhoed, R. J. (1998). Effects of a peer program on international student adjustment. Journal of College Student Development, 39, 539–547. Abe, J., Talbot, D. M., & Geelhoed, R. J. (1998). Effects of a peer program on international student adjustment. Journal of College Student Development, 39, 539–547.
go back to reference Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
go back to reference Arnett, J. J. (2015a). Socialization in emerging adulthood: From the family to the wilder world, from socialization to self-socialization. In J. E. Grusec & P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization: Theory and research (2nd ed., pp. 85–108). New York: The Guilford Press. Arnett, J. J. (2015a). Socialization in emerging adulthood: From the family to the wilder world, from socialization to self-socialization. In J. E. Grusec & P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization: Theory and research (2nd ed., pp. 85–108). New York: The Guilford Press.
go back to reference Arnett, J. J. (2015b). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teems through the twenties (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press Inc.CrossRef Arnett, J. J. (2015b). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teems through the twenties (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press Inc.CrossRef
go back to reference Auerbach, R. P., Bigda-Peyton, J. S., Eberhart, N. K., Webb, C. A., & Ho, M. H. R. (2011). Conceptualizing the prospective relationship between social support, stress, and depressive symptoms among adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39, 475–487. doi:10.1007/s10802-010-9479-x.CrossRefPubMed Auerbach, R. P., Bigda-Peyton, J. S., Eberhart, N. K., Webb, C. A., & Ho, M. H. R. (2011). Conceptualizing the prospective relationship between social support, stress, and depressive symptoms among adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39, 475–487. doi:10.​1007/​s10802-010-9479-x.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Azmitia, M., Syed, M., & Radmacher, K. (2013). Finding your niche: Identity and emotional support in emerging adults’ adjustment to the transition to college. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 23, 744–761. doi:10.1111/jora.12037.CrossRef Azmitia, M., Syed, M., & Radmacher, K. (2013). Finding your niche: Identity and emotional support in emerging adults’ adjustment to the transition to college. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 23, 744–761. doi:10.​1111/​jora.​12037.CrossRef
go back to reference Bowker, A., & Ramsay, K. (2011). Friendship characteristics. In R. J. R. Levesque (Ed.), Encyclopedia of adolescence (pp. 1080–1086). New York: Springer.CrossRef Bowker, A., & Ramsay, K. (2011). Friendship characteristics. In R. J. R. Levesque (Ed.), Encyclopedia of adolescence (pp. 1080–1086). New York: Springer.CrossRef
go back to reference Buhrmester, D. (1996). Need fulfillment, interpersonal competence, and the developmental contexts of early adolescent friendship. In W. Bukowski, A. Newcomb, & W. Hartup (Eds.), The company they keep: Friendship in childhood and adolescence (pp. 158–185). New York: Cambridge University Press. Buhrmester, D. (1996). Need fulfillment, interpersonal competence, and the developmental contexts of early adolescent friendship. In W. Bukowski, A. Newcomb, & W. Hartup (Eds.), The company they keep: Friendship in childhood and adolescence (pp. 158–185). New York: Cambridge University Press.
go back to reference Cacioppo, J. T., Hughes, M. E., Walte, L. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Thisted, R. A. (2006). Loneliness as a specific risk factor for depressive symptoms: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Psychology and Aging, 21, 140–151. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.21.1.140.CrossRefPubMed Cacioppo, J. T., Hughes, M. E., Walte, L. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Thisted, R. A. (2006). Loneliness as a specific risk factor for depressive symptoms: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Psychology and Aging, 21, 140–151. doi:10.​1037/​0882-7974.​21.​1.​140.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Cohen, S., & Williamson, G. M. (1988). Perceived stress in a probability sample of the United States. In S. Spacapan & S. Oskamp (Eds.), The social psychology of health (pp. 31–67). Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Cohen, S., & Williamson, G. M. (1988). Perceived stress in a probability sample of the United States. In S. Spacapan & S. Oskamp (Eds.), The social psychology of health (pp. 31–67). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
go back to reference Collins, W. A., & van Dulmen, M. (2006). Friendships and romance in emerging adulthood: Assessing distinctiveness in close relationships. In J. J. Arnett & J. L. Tanner (Eds.), Emerging adults in America: Coming of age in the 21st century (pp. 219–234). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRef Collins, W. A., & van Dulmen, M. (2006). Friendships and romance in emerging adulthood: Assessing distinctiveness in close relationships. In J. J. Arnett & J. L. Tanner (Eds.), Emerging adults in America: Coming of age in the 21st century (pp. 219–234). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRef
go back to reference Crockett, L. J., Iturbide, M. I., Torres Stone, R. A., McGinley, M., Raffaelli, M., & Carlo, G. (2007). Acculturative stress, social support, and coping: Relations to psychological adjustment among Mexican American college students. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 13, 347–355. doi:10.1037/1099-9809.13.4.347.CrossRefPubMed Crockett, L. J., Iturbide, M. I., Torres Stone, R. A., McGinley, M., Raffaelli, M., & Carlo, G. (2007). Acculturative stress, social support, and coping: Relations to psychological adjustment among Mexican American college students. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 13, 347–355. doi:10.​1037/​1099-9809.​13.​4.​347.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, R. A. (1994). Mothers’ reactions to children’s negative emotions: Relations to children’s temperament and anger behavior. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 40, 138–156. doi:10.1002/dev.20608. Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, R. A. (1994). Mothers’ reactions to children’s negative emotions: Relations to children’s temperament and anger behavior. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 40, 138–156. doi:10.​1002/​dev.​20608.
go back to reference Eshbaugh, E. M. (2010). Friend and family support as moderators of the effects of low romantic partner support on loneliness among college women. Individual Differences Research, 8, 8–16. Eshbaugh, E. M. (2010). Friend and family support as moderators of the effects of low romantic partner support on loneliness among college women. Individual Differences Research, 8, 8–16.
go back to reference Finch, B. K., & Vega, W. A. (2003). Acculturation stress, social support, and self-rated health among Latinos in California. Journal of Immigrant Health, 5, 109–117.CrossRefPubMed Finch, B. K., & Vega, W. A. (2003). Acculturation stress, social support, and self-rated health among Latinos in California. Journal of Immigrant Health, 5, 109–117.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Gray, R., Vitak, J., Easton, E. W., & Ellison, N. B. (2013). Examining social adjustment to college in the age of social media: Factors influencing successful transitions and persistence. Computers & Education, 67, 193–207. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2013.02.021.CrossRef Gray, R., Vitak, J., Easton, E. W., & Ellison, N. B. (2013). Examining social adjustment to college in the age of social media: Factors influencing successful transitions and persistence. Computers & Education, 67, 193–207. doi:10.​1016/​j.​compedu.​2013.​02.​021.CrossRef
go back to reference Halperin, S. (2001). The forgotten half revisited: American youth and young families, 1988–2008. Washington, DC: American Youth Policy Forum. Halperin, S. (2001). The forgotten half revisited: American youth and young families, 1988–2008. Washington, DC: American Youth Policy Forum.
go back to reference Hawkley, L. C., Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Masi, C. M., Thisted, R. A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2008). From social structural factors to perceptions of relationship quality and loneliness: The Chicago health, aging, and social relations study. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 63B, S375–S384. doi:10.1093/geronb/63.6.s375.CrossRef Hawkley, L. C., Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Masi, C. M., Thisted, R. A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2008). From social structural factors to perceptions of relationship quality and loneliness: The Chicago health, aging, and social relations study. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 63B, S375–S384. doi:10.​1093/​geronb/​63.​6.​s375.CrossRef
go back to reference Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: The Guilford Press. Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: The Guilford Press.
go back to reference Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., Baker, M., Harris, T., & Stephenson, D. (2015). Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: A meta-analytic review. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10, 227–237. doi:10.1177/1745691614568352.CrossRefPubMed Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., Baker, M., Harris, T., & Stephenson, D. (2015). Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: A meta-analytic review. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10, 227–237. doi:10.​1177/​1745691614568352​.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Ilhan, T. (2012). Loneliness among university students: Predictive power of sex roles and attachment styles on loneliness. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 12, 2387–2396. Ilhan, T. (2012). Loneliness among university students: Predictive power of sex roles and attachment styles on loneliness. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 12, 2387–2396.
go back to reference Jones, W. H., & Moore, T. L. (1990). Loneliness and social support. In M. Hojat & R. Crandall (Eds.), Loneliness: Theory, research, and applications (pp. 145–156). Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Jones, W. H., & Moore, T. L. (1990). Loneliness and social support. In M. Hojat & R. Crandall (Eds.), Loneliness: Theory, research, and applications (pp. 145–156). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
go back to reference Koenig, L. J., & Abrams, R. F. (1999). Adolescent loneliness and adjustment: A focus on gender differences. In K. J. Rotenberg & S. Hymel (Eds.), Loneliness in childhood and adolescence (pp. 296–322). New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Koenig, L. J., & Abrams, R. F. (1999). Adolescent loneliness and adjustment: A focus on gender differences. In K. J. Rotenberg & S. Hymel (Eds.), Loneliness in childhood and adolescence (pp. 296–322). New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
go back to reference Kuwert, P., Knaevelsrud, C., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2014). Loneliness among older veterans in the United States: Results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22, 564–569.CrossRefPubMed Kuwert, P., Knaevelsrud, C., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2014). Loneliness among older veterans in the United States: Results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22, 564–569.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kwag, K. H., Martin, P., Russell, D., Franke, W., & Kohut, M. (2011). The impact of perceived stress, social support, and home-based physical activity on mental health among older adults. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 72, 137–154. doi:10.2190/ag.72.2.c.CrossRefPubMed Kwag, K. H., Martin, P., Russell, D., Franke, W., & Kohut, M. (2011). The impact of perceived stress, social support, and home-based physical activity on mental health among older adults. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 72, 137–154. doi:10.​2190/​ag.​72.​2.​c.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Lakey, B., & Cohen, S. (2000). Social support theory and measurement. In S. Cohen, L. G. Underwood, & B. H. Gottlieb (Eds.), Social support measurement and intervention: A guide for health and social scientists (pp. 29–52). New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRef Lakey, B., & Cohen, S. (2000). Social support theory and measurement. In S. Cohen, L. G. Underwood, & B. H. Gottlieb (Eds.), Social support measurement and intervention: A guide for health and social scientists (pp. 29–52). New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRef
go back to reference Larose, S., Guay, F., & Boivin, M. (2002). Attachment, social support, and loneliness in young adulthood: A test of two models. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 684–693. doi:10.1177/0146167202288012.CrossRef Larose, S., Guay, F., & Boivin, M. (2002). Attachment, social support, and loneliness in young adulthood: A test of two models. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 684–693. doi:10.​1177/​0146167202288012​.CrossRef
go back to reference Lasgaard, M., Goossens, L., & Elklit, A. (2011). Loneliness, depressive symptomatology, and suicide ideation in adolescence: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39, 137–150. doi:10.1007/s10802-010-9442-x.CrossRefPubMed Lasgaard, M., Goossens, L., & Elklit, A. (2011). Loneliness, depressive symptomatology, and suicide ideation in adolescence: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39, 137–150. doi:10.​1007/​s10802-010-9442-x.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Lee, C.-Y. S., Dik, B. J., & Barbara, L. A. (2015). Intergenerational solidarity and individual adjustment during emerging adulthood. Journal of Family Issues,. doi:10.1177/0192513x14567957. Lee, C.-Y. S., Dik, B. J., & Barbara, L. A. (2015). Intergenerational solidarity and individual adjustment during emerging adulthood. Journal of Family Issues,. doi:10.​1177/​0192513x14567957​.
go back to reference Levesque, R. J. R. (2011a). Loneliness. In R. J. R. Levesque (Ed.), Encyclopedia of adolescence (pp. 1624–1626). New York: Springer.CrossRef Levesque, R. J. R. (2011a). Loneliness. In R. J. R. Levesque (Ed.), Encyclopedia of adolescence (pp. 1624–1626). New York: Springer.CrossRef
go back to reference Levesque, R. J. R. (2011b). Loners. In R. J. R. Levesque (Ed.), Encyclopedia of adolescence (pp. 1626–1629). New York: Springer.CrossRef Levesque, R. J. R. (2011b). Loners. In R. J. R. Levesque (Ed.), Encyclopedia of adolescence (pp. 1626–1629). New York: Springer.CrossRef
go back to reference Markiewicz, D., & Doyle, A. B. (2011). Best friends. In R. J. R. Levesque (Ed.), Encyclopedia of adolescence (pp. 254–260). New York: Springer.CrossRef Markiewicz, D., & Doyle, A. B. (2011). Best friends. In R. J. R. Levesque (Ed.), Encyclopedia of adolescence (pp. 254–260). New York: Springer.CrossRef
go back to reference Mattanah, J. F., Ayers, J. F., Brand, B. L., Brooks, L. J., Quimby, J. L., & Scott, M. W. (2010). A social support intervention to ease the college transition: Exploring main effects and moderators. Journal of College Student Development, 51, 93–108. doi:10.1353/csd.0.0116.CrossRef Mattanah, J. F., Ayers, J. F., Brand, B. L., Brooks, L. J., Quimby, J. L., & Scott, M. W. (2010). A social support intervention to ease the college transition: Exploring main effects and moderators. Journal of College Student Development, 51, 93–108. doi:10.​1353/​csd.​0.​0116.CrossRef
go back to reference Meadows, S. O., Brown, J. S., & Elder, G. H. (2006). Depressive symptoms, stress, and support: Gendered trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35, 93–103. doi:10.1007/s10964-005-9021-6.CrossRef Meadows, S. O., Brown, J. S., & Elder, G. H. (2006). Depressive symptoms, stress, and support: Gendered trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35, 93–103. doi:10.​1007/​s10964-005-9021-6.CrossRef
go back to reference Mounts, N. S., Valentiner, D. P., Anderson, K. L., & Boswell, M. K. (2006). Shyness, sociability, and parental support for the college transition: Relation to adolescents’ adjustment. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35, 71–80. doi:10.1007/s10964-005-9002-9.CrossRef Mounts, N. S., Valentiner, D. P., Anderson, K. L., & Boswell, M. K. (2006). Shyness, sociability, and parental support for the college transition: Relation to adolescents’ adjustment. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35, 71–80. doi:10.​1007/​s10964-005-9002-9.CrossRef
go back to reference Needham, B. L. (2008). Reciprocal relationships between symptoms of depression and parental support during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37, 893–905. doi:10.1007/s10964-007-9181-7.CrossRef Needham, B. L. (2008). Reciprocal relationships between symptoms of depression and parental support during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37, 893–905. doi:10.​1007/​s10964-007-9181-7.CrossRef
go back to reference Nicpon, M. F., Huser, L., Blanks, E. H., Sollenberger, S., Befort, C., & Robinson Kurpius, S. E. (2006–2007). The relationship between loneliness and social support with college freshmen’s academic performance and persistence. Journal of College Student Retention, 8, 345–358. doi:10.2190/a465-356m-7652-783r Nicpon, M. F., Huser, L., Blanks, E. H., Sollenberger, S., Befort, C., & Robinson Kurpius, S. E. (2006–2007). The relationship between loneliness and social support with college freshmen’s academic performance and persistence. Journal of College Student Retention, 8, 345–358. doi:10.​2190/​a465-356m-7652-783r
go back to reference Paquette, J. A., & Underwood, M. K. (1999). Gender differences in young adolescents’ experiences of peer victimization: Social and physical aggression. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 45, 242–266. Paquette, J. A., & Underwood, M. K. (1999). Gender differences in young adolescents’ experiences of peer victimization: Social and physical aggression. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 45, 242–266.
go back to reference Peplau, L. A., & Perlman, D. (1982). Perspectives on loneliness. In L. A. Peplau & D. Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy (pp. 1–18). New York: Wiley. Peplau, L. A., & Perlman, D. (1982). Perspectives on loneliness. In L. A. Peplau & D. Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy (pp. 1–18). New York: Wiley.
go back to reference Prezza, M., Pacilli, M. G., & Dinelli, S. (2004). Loneliness and new technologies in a group of Roman adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 20, 691–709.CrossRef Prezza, M., Pacilli, M. G., & Dinelli, S. (2004). Loneliness and new technologies in a group of Roman adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 20, 691–709.CrossRef
go back to reference Rafaelli, M., Andrade, F. C. D., Wiley, A. R., Sanchez-Armass, O., Edwards, L. L., & Aradillas-Garcia, C. (2012). Stress, social support, and depression: A test of the stress-buffering hypothesis in a Mexican sample. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 23, 283–289. doi:10.1111/jora.12006.CrossRef Rafaelli, M., Andrade, F. C. D., Wiley, A. R., Sanchez-Armass, O., Edwards, L. L., & Aradillas-Garcia, C. (2012). Stress, social support, and depression: A test of the stress-buffering hypothesis in a Mexican sample. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 23, 283–289. doi:10.​1111/​jora.​12006.CrossRef
go back to reference Roux, A. L. (2009). The relationship between adolescents’ attitudes toward their fathers and loneliness: A cross-cultural study. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 18, 219–226.CrossRef Roux, A. L. (2009). The relationship between adolescents’ attitudes toward their fathers and loneliness: A cross-cultural study. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 18, 219–226.CrossRef
go back to reference Scholte, R. H. J., van Lieshout, C. F. M., & van Aken, M. A. G. (2001). Perceived relational support in adolescence: Dimensions, configurations, and adolescent adjustment. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 11, 71–94.CrossRef Scholte, R. H. J., van Lieshout, C. F. M., & van Aken, M. A. G. (2001). Perceived relational support in adolescence: Dimensions, configurations, and adolescent adjustment. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 11, 71–94.CrossRef
go back to reference Sheets, R. L., & Mohr, J. J. (2009). Perceived social support from friends and family and psychosocial functioning in bisexual young adult college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56, 152–163. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.56.1.152.CrossRef Sheets, R. L., & Mohr, J. J. (2009). Perceived social support from friends and family and psychosocial functioning in bisexual young adult college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56, 152–163. doi:10.​1037/​0022-0167.​56.​1.​152.CrossRef
go back to reference Shipman, K. L., Zeman, J., Nesin, A. E., & Fitzgerald, M. (2003). Children’s strategies for displaying anger and sadness: What works with whom? Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 49, 100–122. doi:10.1353/mpq.2003.0006.CrossRef Shipman, K. L., Zeman, J., Nesin, A. E., & Fitzgerald, M. (2003). Children’s strategies for displaying anger and sadness: What works with whom? Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 49, 100–122. doi:10.​1353/​mpq.​2003.​0006.CrossRef
go back to reference Shulman, S., & Scharf, M. (2000). Adolescent romantic behaviors and perceptions: Age- and gender-related differences, and links with family and peer relationships. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 10, 99–118. doi:10.1207/sjra1001_5.CrossRef Shulman, S., & Scharf, M. (2000). Adolescent romantic behaviors and perceptions: Age- and gender-related differences, and links with family and peer relationships. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 10, 99–118. doi:10.​1207/​sjra1001_​5.CrossRef
go back to reference Sifers, S. K. (2011). Social support. In R. J. R. Levesque (Ed.), Encyclopedia of adolescence (pp. 2810–2815). New York: Springer.CrossRef Sifers, S. K. (2011). Social support. In R. J. R. Levesque (Ed.), Encyclopedia of adolescence (pp. 2810–2815). New York: Springer.CrossRef
go back to reference Stoliker, B. E., & Lafreniere, K. D. (2015). The influence of perceived stress, loneliness, and learning burnout on university students’ educational experience. College Student Journal, 49, 146–160. Stoliker, B. E., & Lafreniere, K. D. (2015). The influence of perceived stress, loneliness, and learning burnout on university students’ educational experience. College Student Journal, 49, 146–160.
go back to reference Subrahmanyam, K., & Lin, G. (2007). Adolescents on the net: Internet use and well-being. Adolescence, 42, 659–677.PubMed Subrahmanyam, K., & Lin, G. (2007). Adolescents on the net: Internet use and well-being. Adolescence, 42, 659–677.PubMed
go back to reference Tanner, J. L. (2011). Emerging adulthood. In R. J. R. Levesque (Ed.), Encyclopedia of adolescence (pp. 818–825). New York: Springer.CrossRef Tanner, J. L. (2011). Emerging adulthood. In R. J. R. Levesque (Ed.), Encyclopedia of adolescence (pp. 818–825). New York: Springer.CrossRef
go back to reference Thompson, R. A., Flood, M. F., & Goodvin, R. (2006). Social support and developmental psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology (2nd ed., Vol. 3, Risk, disorder, and adaptation, pp. 1–37). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Thompson, R. A., Flood, M. F., & Goodvin, R. (2006). Social support and developmental psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology (2nd ed., Vol. 3, Risk, disorder, and adaptation, pp. 1–37). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
go back to reference Uchino, B. N. (2004). Social support and physical health: Understanding the health consequences of relationships. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.CrossRef Uchino, B. N. (2004). Social support and physical health: Understanding the health consequences of relationships. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.CrossRef
go back to reference Vaughan, C. A., Foshee, V. A., & Ennett, S. T. (2010). Protective effects of maternal and peer support on depressive symptoms during adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38, 261–272.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Vaughan, C. A., Foshee, V. A., & Ennett, S. T. (2010). Protective effects of maternal and peer support on depressive symptoms during adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38, 261–272.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Weckwerth, A. C., & Flynn, D. M. (2006). Effect of sex on perceived support and burnout in university students. College Student Journal, 40, 237–249. Weckwerth, A. C., & Flynn, D. M. (2006). Effect of sex on perceived support and burnout in university students. College Student Journal, 40, 237–249.
go back to reference Wheaton, B., & Clark, P. (2003). Space meets time: Integrating temporal and contextual influences on mental health in early adulthood. American Sociological Review, 68, 680–706. doi:10.2307/1519758.CrossRef Wheaton, B., & Clark, P. (2003). Space meets time: Integrating temporal and contextual influences on mental health in early adulthood. American Sociological Review, 68, 680–706. doi:10.​2307/​1519758.CrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Loneliness, Stress, and Social Support in Young Adulthood: Does the Source of Support Matter?
Auteurs
Chih-Yuan Steven Lee
Sara E. Goldstein
Publicatiedatum
24-11-2015
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 3/2016
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-015-0395-9