Top

Optie A:

Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
Optie B:

Deel de link per e-mail
Link delen

vorige artikel Working memory training improves visual short-t...

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

20-12-2014 | Original Article | Uitgave 1/2016

Listen up, eye movements play a role in verbal memory retrieval

Tijdschrift:: Psychological Research > Uitgave 1/2016

Auteurs:: Agnes Scholz, Katja Mehlhorn, Josef F. Krems

» Toegang tot de volledige tekst krijgen

Abstract

People fixate on blank spaces if visual stimuli previously occupied these regions of space. This so-called “looking at nothing” (LAN) phenomenon is said to be a part of information retrieval from internal memory representations, but the exact nature of the relationship between LAN and memory retrieval is unclear. While evidence exists for an influence of LAN on memory retrieval for visuospatial stimuli, evidence for verbal information is mixed. Here, we tested the relationship between LAN behavior and memory retrieval in an episodic retrieval task where verbal information was presented auditorily during encoding. When participants were allowed to gaze freely during subsequent memory retrieval, LAN occurred, and it was stronger for correct than for incorrect responses. When eye movements were manipulated during memory retrieval, retrieval performance was higher when participants fixated on the area associated with to-be-retrieved information than when fixating on another area. Our results provide evidence for a functional relationship between LAN and memory retrieval that extends to verbal information.

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Hier inloggen

Met onderstaand(e) abonnement(en) heeft u direct toegang:

BSL Psychologie Totaal

Met BSL Psychologie Totaal blijft u als professional steeds op de hoogte van de nieuwste ontwikkelingen binnen uw vak. Met het online abonnement heeft u toegang tot een groot aantal boeken, protocollen, vaktijdschriften en e-learnings op het gebied van psychologie en psychiatrie. Zo kunt u op uw gemak en wanneer het u het beste uitkomt verdiepen in uw vakgebied.

Meer informatie

Allopenna, P. D., Magnuson, J. S., & Tanenhaus, M. K. (1998). Tracking the time course of spoken word recognition using eye movements: Evidence for continuous mapping models. Journal of Memory and Language, 38, 419–439. doi: 10.1006/jmla.1997.2558. CrossRef

Altmann, G. T. M. (2004). Language-mediated eye movements in the absence of a visual world: the “blank screen paradigm”. Cognition, 93, 79–87. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2004.02.005. CrossRef

Altmann, G. T. M., & Kamide, Y. (2007). The real-time mediation of visual attention by language and world knowledge: Linking anticipatory (and other) eye movements to linguistic processing. Journal of Memory and Language, 57, 502–518. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2006.12.004. CrossRef

Altmann, G. T. M., & Kamide, Y. (2009). Discourse-mediation of the mapping between language and the visual world: Eye movements and mental representation. Cognition, 111, 55–71. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2008.12.005. PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Anderson, S. E., & Spivey, M. J. (2009). The enactment of language: decades of interactions between linguistic and motor processes. Language and Cognition, 1, 87–111. doi: 10.1515/LANGCOG.2009.005. CrossRef

Barsalou, L. W. (2008). Grounded cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 617–645. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093639. PubMedCrossRef

Barsalou, L. W., Kyle Simmons, W., Barbey, A. K., & Wilson, C. D. (2003). Grounding conceptual knowledge in modality-specific systems. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 84–91. PubMedCrossRef

Brandt, S. A., & Stark, L. W. (1997). Spontaneous eye movements during visual imagery reflect the content of the visual scene. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 9, 27–38. PubMedCrossRef

Danker, J. F., & Anderson, J. R. (2010). The ghosts of brain states past: remembering reactivates the brain regions engaged during encoding. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 87–102. doi: 10.1037/a0017937. PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Ferreira, F., Apel, J., & Henderson, J. M. (2008). Taking a new look at looking at nothing. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12, 405–410. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2008.07.007. PubMedCrossRef

Foulsham, T., & Kingstone, A. (2013). Fixation-dependent memory for natural scenes: An experimental test of scanpath theory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 142, 41–56. doi: 10.1037/a0028227. CrossRef

Godijn, R., & Theeuwes, J. (2012). Overt is no better than covert when rehearsing visuo-spatial information in working memory. Memory & Cognition, 40, 52–61. doi: 10.3758/s13421-011-0132-x. CrossRef

Grant, E. R., & Spivey, M. J. (2003). Eye movements and problem solving: Guiding attention guides thought. Psychological Science, 14, 462–466. PubMedCrossRef

Holm, L., & Mäntylä, T. (2007). Memory for scenes: Refixations reflect retrieval. Memory & Cognition, 35, 1664–1674. CrossRef

Hommel, B. (1998). Event files: Evidence for automatic integration of stimulus-response episodes. Visual Cognition, 5, 183–216. doi: 10.1080/713756773. CrossRef

Hommel, B. (2004). Event files: Feature binding in and across perception and action. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8, 494–500. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2004.08.007. PubMedCrossRef

Hoover, M. A., & Richardson, D. C. (2008). When facts go down the rabbit hole: Contrasting features and objecthood as indexes to memory. Cognition, 108, 533–542. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2008.02.011. PubMedCrossRef

Huettig, F., Mishra, R. K., & Olivers, C. N. L. (2012). Mechanisms and representations of language-mediated visual attention. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 1–11. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00394. CrossRef

Huettig, F., Olivers, C. N. L., & Hartsuiker, R. J. (2011). Looking, language, and memory: Bridging research from the visual world and visual search paradigms. Acta Psychologica, 137, 138–150. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.07.013. PubMedCrossRef

Jahn, G., & Braatz, J. (2014). Memory indexing of sequential symptom processing in diagnostic reasoning. Cognitive Psychology, 68, 59–97. doi: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2013.11.002. PubMedCrossRef

Johansson, R., Holsanova, J., Dewhurst, R., & Holmqvist, K. (2012). Eye movements during scene recollection have a functional role, but they are not reinstatements of those produced during encoding. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 38, 1289–1314. doi: 10.1037/a0026585. PubMed

Johansson, R., Holsanova, J., & Holmqvist, K. (2006). Pictures and spoken descriptions elicit similar eye movements during mental imagery, both in light and in complete darkness. Cognitive Science, 30, 1053–1079. doi: 10.1207/s15516709cog0000. PubMedCrossRef

Johansson, R., & Johansson, M. (2014). Look here, eye movements play a functional role in memory retrieval. Psychological Science, 25, 236–242. doi: 10.1177/0956797613498260. PubMedCrossRef

Kent, C., & Lamberts, K. (2008). The encoding-retrieval relationship: Retrieval as mental simulation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12, 92–98. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2007.12.004. PubMedCrossRef

Laeng, B., Bloem, I. M., D’Ascenzo, S., & Tommasi, L. (2014). Scrutinizing visual images: The role of gaze in mental imagery and memory. Cognition, 131, 263–283. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2014.01.003. PubMedCrossRef

Laeng, B., & Teodorescu, D. (2002). Eye scanpaths during visual imagery reenact those of perception of the same visual scene. Cognitive Science, 26, 207–231. doi: 10.1207/s15516709cog2602. CrossRef

Mäntylä, T., & Holm, L. (2006). Gaze control and recollective experience in face recognition. Visual Cognition, 14, 365–386. doi: 10.1080/13506280500347992. CrossRef

Martarelli, C. S., & Mast, F. W. (2010). Preschool children’s eye-movements during pictorial recall. The British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 29, 425–436. doi: 10.1348/026151010X495844. CrossRef

Martarelli, C. S., & Mast, F. W. (2013). Eye movements during long-term pictorial recall. Psychological Research, 77, 303–309. doi: 10.1007/s00426-012-0439-7. PubMedCrossRef

Mast, F. W., & Kosslyn, S. M. (2002). Eye movements during visual mental imagery. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 271–272. PubMedCrossRef

Mayberry, M. R., Crocker, M. W., & Knoeferle, P. (2009). Learning to attend: a connectionist model of situated language comprehension. Cognitive Science, 33, 449–496. doi: 10.1111/j.1551-6709.2009.01019.x. PubMedCrossRef

Morris, C. D., Bransford, J. D., & Franks, J. J. (1977). Levels of processing versus transfer appropriate processing. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 16, 519–533. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5371(77)80016-9. CrossRef

Mulckhuyse, M., & Theeuwes, J. (2010). Unconscious attentional orienting to exogenous cues: A review of the literature. Acta Psychologica, 134, 299–309. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.03.002. PubMedCrossRef

Neisser, U. (1976). Cognition and reality: Principles and implications of cognitive psychology. San Francisco, CA: WH Freeman.

Platzer, C., Bröder, A., & Heck, D. W. (2014). Deciding with the eye: How the visually manipulated accessibility of information in memory influences decision behavior. Memory & Cognition, 42, 595–608. doi: 10.3758/s13421-013-0380-z. CrossRef

Postle, B. R., Idzikowski, C., Sala, S. Della, Logie, R. H., & Baddeley, A. D. (2006). The selective disruption of spatial working memory by eye movements. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 59, 100–120. doi: 10.1080/17470210500151410.

Pylyshyn, Z. W. (2001). Visual indexes, preconceptual objects, and situated vision. Cognition, 80, 127–158. PubMedCrossRef

Rayner, K. (2009). Eye movements and attention in reading, scene perception, and visual search. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62, 1457–1506. doi: 10.1080/17470210902816461. CrossRef

Renkewitz, F., & Jahn, G. (2012). Memory Indexing: A novel method for tracing memory processes in complex cognitive tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 38, 1622–1639. doi: 10.1037/a0028073. PubMedCrossRef

Richardson, D. C., Altmann, G. T. M., Spivey, M. J., & Hoover, M. A. (2009). Much ado about eye movements to nothing: A response to Ferreira et al.: Taking a new look at looking at nothing. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 235–236. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2009.02.006. PubMedCrossRef

Richardson, D. C., & Kirkham, N. Z. (2004). Multimodal events and moving locations: eye movements of adults and 6-month-olds reveal dynamic spatial indexing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 133, 46–62. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.133.1.46. CrossRef

Richardson, D. C., & Spivey, M. J. (2000). Representation, space and Hollywood Squares: Looking at things that aren’t there anymore. Cognition, 76, 269–295. doi: 10.1016/S0010-0277(00)00084-6. PubMedCrossRef

Rosenthal, R., Rosnow, R. L., & Rubin, D. B. (2000). Contrasts and effect sizes in behavioral research: A correlational approach. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Rugg, M. D., Johnson, J. D., Park, H., & Uncapher, M. R. (2008). Encoding-retrieval overlap in human episodic memory: A functional neuroimaging perspective. Progress in Brain Research, 169, 339–352. doi: 10.1016/S0079-6123(07)00021-0. PubMedCrossRef

Rugg, M. D., & Wilding, E. (2000). Retrieval processing and episodic memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 108–115. PubMedCrossRef

Scholz, A., von Helversen, B., & Rieskamp, J. (2015). Eye movements reveal memory processes during similarity-and rule-based decision making. Cognition, 136, 228–246. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2014.11.019.

Spivey, M. J. (2007). The Continuity of Mind. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Spivey, M. J., & Dale, R. (2011). Eye movements both reveal and influence problem solving. In S. P. Liversedge, I. D. Gilchrist, & S. Everling (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of eye movements (pp. 551–562). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Spivey, M. J., & Geng, J. J. (2001). Oculomotor mechanisms activated by imagery and memory: Eye movements to absent objects. Psychological Research, 65, 235–241. doi: 10.1007/s004260100059. PubMedCrossRef

Tanenhaus, M. K., Spivey-Knowlton, M. J., Eberhard, K. M., & Sedivy, J. C. (1995). Integration of visual and linguistic information in spoken language comprehension. Science, 268, 1632–1634. PubMedCrossRef

Theeuwes, J. (2010). Top-down and bottom-up control of visual selection. Acta Psychologica, 135(2), 77–99. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.02.006. PubMedCrossRef

Theeuwes, J., Belopolsky, A. V., & Olivers, C. N. L. (2009). Interactions between working memory, attention and eye movements. Acta Psychologica, 132, 106–114. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2009.01.005. PubMedCrossRef

Thomas, L. E., & Lleras, A. (2009). Covert shifts of attention function as an implicit aid to insight. Cognition, 111, 168–174. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2009.01.005. PubMedCrossRef

Tulving, E. (1983). Elements of episodic memory. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.

Tulving, E., & Thomson, D. M. (1973). Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory. Psychological Review, 80, 352–373. CrossRef

Wilson, M. (2002). Six views of embodied cognition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9, 625–636. CrossRef

Yantis, S., & Jonides, J. (1981). Abrupt visual onsets and selective attention: Evidence from visual search. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 7, 937–947.

Titel: Listen up, eye movements play a role in verbal memory retrieval
Auteurs:: Agnes Scholz
Katja Mehlhorn
Josef F. Krems
Publicatiedatum: 20-12-2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-014-0639-4
Uitgeverij: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Tijdschrift: Psychological Research An International Journal of Perception, Attention, Memory, and Action
Uitgave 1/2016
Print ISSN: 0340-0727
Elektronisch ISSN: 1430-2772

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Met onderstaand(e) abonnement(en) heeft u direct toegang:

BSL Psychologie Totaal

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2016

Mental rotation training: transfer and maintenance effects on spatial abilities

The next trial will be conflicting! Effects of explicit congruency pre-cues on cognitive control

Ecological sounds affect breath duration more than artificial sounds

Bimanual force control: cooperation and interference?

Human place and response learning: navigation strategy selection, pupil size and gaze behavior

The processing difference between person names and common nouns in sentence contexts: an ERP study