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2017, vol. 16, br. 4, str. 445-463
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Ispitivanje faktora stresa kod roditelja dece sa autističkim spektrom poremećaja
Exploring factors of stress level in parents of children with autistic spectrum disorder
aInstitut za eksperimentalnu fonetiku i patologiju govora, Beograd, Srbija bLife Activities Advancement Center, Belgrade + Institut za eksperimentalnu fonetiku i patologiju govora, Beograd, Srbija
e-adresa: m.stokic@iefpg.org.rs
Projekat: Interdisciplinarna istraživanja kvaliteta verbalne komunikacije (MPNTR - 178027)
Sažetak
Pored poteškoća u oblasti socijalne interakcije i komunikacije, deca sa autističkim spektrom poremećaja (ASP) ispoljavaju ponašanje koja ometa svakodnevne aktivnosti, što može dovesti do teškoća u funkcionisanju uže i šire porodice. Ograničene socijalne, emotivne i komunikativne sposobnosti dece sa ASP, njihov neujednačen kognitivni razvoj i maladaptivno ponašanje su izvor stresa za roditelje. Cilj našeg istraživanja bio je da se proceni nivo stresa kod roditelja dece sa ASP u odnosu na pol, uzrast, obrazovanje i starost roditelja kao i u odnosu na govorno-jezičke sposobnosti deteta (ekspresivni/receptivni govor, upotreba govora u službi komunikacije). Uzorak je činilo 40 roditelja (20 majki i 20 očeva) starosti od 21 do 56 godina. Svi ispitanici su bili roditelji dece sa ASP, od kojih je 22 roditelja dece koja su na tretmanu u Institutu za eksperimentalnu fonetiku i patologiju govora "Đorđe Kostić" i 18 roditelja koji su članovi Udruženja roditelja dece sa autizmom. U ovoj studiji, koristili smo Skalu za procenu nivoa roditeljskog stresa (Parental Stress Scale - Berry & Jones, 1995). Rezultati pokazuju da ne postoje statistički značajne razlike u nivou roditeljskog stresa u odnosu na pol i starost roditelja, uzrast deteta i razvijenost ekspresivnog govora. Na nivo roditeljskog stresa dece sa ASP značajno utiču nivo obrazovanja roditelja (p=0,005), razvijenost receptivnog govora (p=0,008), i razvijenost verbalne komunikacije kod deteta (p=0,015). Niži obrazovni nivo i teškoće u produkciji i razumevanju govora kod deteta mogu da budu uzrok višeg nivoa roditeljskog stresa. Primenom linearne regresije utvrđeno je da stepen obrazovanja roditelja i razvijenosti razumevanja (receptivni govor) govora kod deteta, kao prediktori predstavljaju statistički značajno prediktivan model kojim se može predvideti nivo roditeljskog stresa. Roditeljski stres može značajno komplikovati i usporiti proces rehabilitacije deteta. Važno je znati da je pomoć i podrška podjednako potrebna roditeljima različitih starosnih grupa, roditeljima dece različite starosti i različitih verbalnih sposobnosti. Posebno je potrebna podrška i pomoć roditeljima nižeg obrazovanja.
Abstract
In addition to difficulties in social interaction and communication, children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) also exhibit behaviors that interfere with daily activities and are difficult to control, which can lead to disturbances in the household and extended family. The child's limited social, emotional and communicative abilities, their unequal cognitive development and maladaptive behaviors are a source of stress for parents. The goal of our study was to assess the level of stress in parents of children with ASD in relation to gender, education, age of parents, the child's age, and speech and language skills. The sample of this study consisted of 40 parents (20 mothers and 20 fathers) 21 to 56 years of age. All respondents were parents of children with ASD; 22 were parents of children receiving treatment at the Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology "Đorđe Kostić" and 18 parents were members of the Association of parents of children with autism. In this study, we used The Parental Stress Scale (Berry & Jones, 1995) to assess the level of stress among parents. The results show that there are no statistically significant differences in the level of stress in relation to parental sex, parental age, the child's age and child's expressive language development. We found a statistically significant effect of parental education level (p=0.005), child's receptive language development (p=0.008), and child's verbal communication development (p=0.015) on parental stress level. Parental lower education level, child's inability to understand speech, and undeveloped verbal communication of the child can lead to greater parental stress. The stress of parents can significantly complicate and slow down the process of child rehabilitation. It is important to know that it is equally necessary to support fathers and mothers, parents of all ages, parents of children of all ages and different speech and language skills and that particular attention should be given to parents with lower education.
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