Effects of delayed visual feedback on handwriting

TOMOE TAMADA

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.37.103

TOMOE TAMADA

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Keywords: delayed visual feedback, handwriting, addition errors, visual monitoring

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1995 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 103-109

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.37.103

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Published: June 25, 1995 Received: November 24, 1993 Available on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009 Accepted: July 02, 1994 Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: TITLE Details: [in Japanese]

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : We investigated effects of delayed visual feedback on handwriting some familiar English words, using various delays - 0, 33, 67, 100, 133, 167, 267, and 500ms. With increasing the delay, the writing error rate increased. Among the writing errors, there was a tendency for some additional strokes to be inserted, especially for some original strokes to be duplicated. This type of error named “addition error” was observed frequently where a set of strokes should be repeated (e. g. the word “feeling” was often misspelled as “feedling”). These results indicate that visual monitoring is indispensable in producing repetition of a set of strokes.
Right : We investigated effects of delayed visual feedback on handwriting some familiar English words, using various delays 0, 33. 67, 100, 133, 167, 267, and 500 ms. With increasing the delay, the writing error rate increased. Among the writing errors, there was a tendency for some additional strokes to be inserted, especially for sonic original strokes to be duplicated. This type of error named “addition error” was observed frequently where a set of strokes should be repeated (e.g. the word “feeling” was often misspelled as “feeeling”). These results indicate that visual monitoring is indispensable in producing repetition of a set of strokes.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : Ellise, A. 1979 Slip of the pen. Visible Language, 13, 265-282.
Cruse, H., Dean, J., Heuer, H., & Schmidt, R. A. 1990 Utilization of sensory information for motor control. In O. Neumann & W. Prinz (Eds.), Relationship between perception and action. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Pp. 43-79.
Lashley, K. S. 1951 The problem of serial order in behavior. In L. A. Jeffress (Ed.), Cerebral mechanisms in behavior. New York: Wiley. Pp. 112-136.
Margolin, D. I., & Wing, A. M. 1983 Agraphia and micrographia: Clinical manifestations of motor programming and performance disorders. Acta Psvchologica, 54, 263-283.
Morikiyo, Y. & Matsushima, T. 1990 Effects of delayed visual feedback on motor control performance. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 70, 111-114.
Schmidt, R. A. 1988 Motor control and learning. A behavioral emphasis (2nd ed.). Champaign: Human Kinetics.
Smith, W. M., McCrary, J. W., & Smith, K. U. 1960 Delayed visual feedback and behavior. Science, 132, 1013-1014.
Teulings, H. -L., Thomassen, A. J., & van Galen, G. P. 1983 Preparation of partly precued handwriting movements: The size of movement units in handwriting. Acta Psychologica, 54, 165-177.

Right : Ellise, A. 1979 Slip of the pen. Visible Language, 13, 265-282.
Cruse, H., Dean, J., Heuer, H., & Schmidt, R. A. 1990 Utilization of sensory information for motor control. In O. Neumann & W. Prinz (Eds.), Relationship between perception and action. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Pp.43-79.
Lashley, K. S. 1951 The problem of serial order in behavior. In L. A. Jeffress (Ed.), Cerebral mechanisms in behavior. New York: Wiley. Pp.112-136.
Margolin, D. I., & Wing, A. M. 1983 Agraphia and micrographia: Clinical manifestations of motor programming and performance disorders. Acta Psvchologica, 54, 263-283.
Morikiyo, Y. & Matsushima, T. 1990 Effects of delayed visual feedback on motor control performance. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 70, 111-114.
Schmidt, R. A. 1988 Motor control and learning: A behavioral emphasis (2nd ed.). Champaign: Human Kinetics.
Smith, W. M., McCrary, J. W., & Smith, K. U. 1960 Delayed visual feedback and behavior. Science, 132, 1013-1014.
Teulings, H.-L., Thomassen, A. J., & van Galen, G. P. 1983 Preparation of partly precued handwriting movements: The size of movement units in handwriting. Acta Psvchologica, 54, 165-177.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : We investigated effects of delayed visual feedback on handwriting some familiar English words, using various delays 0, 33. 67, 100, 133, 167, 267, and 500 ms. With increasing the delay, the writing error rate increased. Among the writing errors, there was a tendency for some additional strokes to be inserted, especially for sonic original strokes to be duplicated. This type of error named “addition error” was observed frequently where a set of strokes should be repeated (e.g. the word “feeling” was often misspelled as “feeeling”). These results indicate that visual monitoring is indispensable in producing repetition of a set of strokes.
Right : We investigated effects of delayed visual feedback on handwriting some familiar English words, using various delays -0. 33. 67, 100, 133, 167, 267, and 500 ms. With increasing the delay, the writing error rate increased. Among the writing errors, there was a tendency for some additional strokes to be inserted, especially for some original strokes to be duplicated. This type of error named “addition error” was observed frequently where a set of strokes should be repeated (e.g. the word “feeling” was often misspelled as “feeeling”). These results indicate that visual monitoring is indispensable in producing repetition of a set of strokes.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : Ellise, A. 1979 Slip of the pen. Visible Language, 13, 265-282.
Cruse, H., Dean, J., Heuer, H., & Schmidt, R. A. 1990 Utilization of sensory information for motor control. In O. Neumann & W. Prinz (Eds.), Relationship between perception and action. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Pp.43-79.
Lashley, K. S. 1951 The problem of serial order in behavior. In L. A. Jeffress (Ed.), Cerebral mechanisms in behavior. New York: Wiley. Pp.112-136.
Margolin, D. I., & Wing, A. M. 1983 Agraphia and micrographia: Clinical manifestations of motor programming and performance disorders. Acta Psvchologica, 54, 263-283.
Morikiyo, Y. & Matsushima, T. 1990 Effects of delayed visual feedback on motor control performance. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 70, 111-114.
Schmidt, R. A. 1988 Motor control and learning: A behavioral emphasis (2nd ed.). Champaign: Human Kinetics.
Smith, W. M., McCrary, J. W., & Smith, K. U. 1960 Delayed visual feedback and behavior. Science, 132, 1013-1014.
Teulings, H.-L., Thomassen, A. J., & van Galen, G. P. 1983 Preparation of partly precued handwriting movements: The size of movement units in handwriting. Acta Psvchologica, 54, 165-177.

Right : Ellise, A. 1979 Slip of the pen. Visible Language, 13, 265-282.
Cruse, H., Dean, J., Heuer, H., & Schmidt, R. A. 1990 Utilization of sensory information for motor control. In O. Neumann & W. Prinz (Eds.), Relationship between perception and action. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Pp. 43-79.
Lashley, K. S. 1951 The problem of serial order in behavior. In L. A. Jeffress (Ed.), Cerebral mechanisms in behavior. New York: Wiley. Pp.112-136.
Margolin, D. I., & Wing, A. M. 1983 Agraphia and micrographia: Clinical manifestations of motor programming and performance disorders. Acta Psychologica, 54, 263-283.
Morikiyo, Y. & Matsushima, T. 1990 Effects of delayed visual feedback on motor control performance. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 70, 111-114.
Schmidt, R. A. 1988 Motor control and learning: A behavioral emphasis (2nd ed.). Champaign: Human Kinetics.
Smith, W. M., McCrary, J. W., & Smith, K. U. 1960 Delayed visual feedback and behavior. Science, 132, 1013-1014.
Teulings, H.-L., Thomassen, A. J., & van Galen, G. P. 1983 Preparation of partly precued handwriting movements: The size of movement units in handwriting. Acta Psychologica, 54, 165-177.

Abstract

We investigated effects of delayed visual feedback on handwriting some familiar English words, using various delays -0. 33. 67, 100, 133, 167, 267, and 500 ms. With increasing the delay, the writing error rate increased. Among the writing errors, there was a tendency for some additional strokes to be inserted, especially for some original strokes to be duplicated. This type of error named “addition error” was observed frequently where a set of strokes should be repeated (e.g. the word “feeling” was often misspelled as “feeeling”). These results indicate that visual monitoring is indispensable in producing repetition of a set of strokes.

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