Abstract
This research examined the relative effectiveness of two mood induction procedures (MIPs) for inducing four specific moods varying along the dimensions of both valence and arousal. Participants were randomly assigned either to an autobiographical recall or to a music and guided imagery MIP and underwent a happiness, serenity, anger, or sadness mood induction. The findings confirmed the effectiveness of the two MIPs in producing changes on both the valence and arousal dimensions of mood. The results also revealed an unexpected greater efficiency of the autobiographical recall than of the combined procedure.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Albersnagel, F. A. (1988). Velten and musical mood induction procedures: A comparison with accessibility of thought associations. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 26, 79–95. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(88)90035-6
Baas, M., De Dreu, C. K. W., & Nijstad, B. A. (2008). A meta-analysis of 25 years of mood-creativity research: Hedonic tone, activation, or regulatory focus? Psychological Bulletin, 134, 779–806. doi:10.1037/ a0012815.
Bach, J. S. (1977). Brandenburg Concerto No. 2, BWV 1047 (First Movement; Allegro) [Recorded by J. Levine (Cond.), Chicago Symphony Orchestra]. In Music From Ravinia Series. New York: RCA Victor Gold Seal (60378-2RG). (Original work published 1721)
Baker, R. C., & Gutterfreund, D. O. (1993). The effects of written autobiographical recollection induction procedures on mood. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49, 563–568. doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199307)49:4〈563::AID-JCLP2270490414>⃛.0.CO;2-W
Bigand, E., Vieillard, S., Madurell, F., Marozeau, J., & Dacquet, A. (2005). Multidimensional scaling of emotional responses to music: The effect of musical expertise and of the duration of the excerpts. Cognition & Emotion, 19, 1113–1139. doi:10.1080/02699930500204250
Bless, H., Clore, G. L., Schwarz, N., Golisano, V., Rabe, C., & Wölk, M. (1996). Mood and the use of scripts: Does a happy mood really lead to mindlessness? Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 71, 665–679. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.71.4.665
Bodenhausen, G. V., Kramer, G. P., & Süsser, K. (1994). Happiness and stereotypic thinking in social judgment. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 66, 621–632. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.66.4.621
Bower, G. H. (1981). Mood and memory. American Psychologist, 36, 129–148. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.36.2.129
Bradley, M. M., Codispoti, M., Cuthbert, B. N., & Lang, P. J. (2001). Emotion and motivation: I. Defensive and appetitive reac tions in picture processing. Emotion, 1, 276–298. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.1.3.276
Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (2000). Affective reactions to acoustic stimuli. Psychophysiology, 37, 204–215. doi:10.1017/ S0048577200990012
Brewer, D., Doughtie, E. B., & Lubin, B. (1980). Induction of mood and mood shift. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36, 215–226. doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198001)36:1〈215::AID-JCLP2270360127>⃛.0.CO;2-6
Brunyé, T. T., Mahoney, C. R., Augustyn, J. S., & Taylor, H. A. (2009). Emotional state and local versus global spatial memory. Acta Psychologica, 130, 138–146. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.200811.002
Chartier, G. M., & Ranieri, D. J. (1989). Comparison of two mood induction procedures. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 13, 275–282. doi:10.1007/BF01173408
Chopin, F. (1989). Preludes, Opus 28 (2. A Minor) [Recorded by A. Rubinstein (Pianist)]. New York: RCA Victor Gold Seal (60047-2-RG). (Original work published 1839)
Clark, D. M. (1983). On induction of depressed mood in the laboratory: Evaluation and comparison of the Velten and musical procedures. Advances in Behaviour Research & Therapy, 5, 27–49. doi:10.1016/0146-6402(83)90014-0
Corson, Y. (2006). Émotions et propagation de l’activation en mémoire sémantique [Emotions and propagation of activation in semantic memory]. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 60, 127–147. doi:10.1037/cjep2006013
Corson, Y., & Verrier, N. (2007). Emotions and false memories: Valence or arousal? Psychological Science, 18, 208–211. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01874.x
Delibes, L. (1969). Coppelia (Mazurka, Act I, No. 3) [Recorded by R. Bonynge (Cond.), Orchestre de la Suisse Romande]. New York: London Records/Polygram (425472-2). (Original work published 1870)
Eich, E., & Metcalfe, J. (1989). Mood dependent memory for internal versus external events. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 15, 443–455. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.15.3.443
Feldman-Barrett, L. (2004). Feelings or words? Understanding the content in self-report ratings of experienced emotion. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 87, 266–281. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.2.266
Forgas, J. (1995). Mood and judgment: The affect infusion model (AIM). Psychological Bulletin, 117, 39–66. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.117.1.39
Garceau, A., & Iachini, B. (2001). Pensée positive. Immerposi 1 et 2 [Programme musical de relaxation bioacoustique]. Origins, Honey-B Publishing.
Gayle, M. C. (1997). Mood-congruency in recall: The potential effect of arousal. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 12, 471–480.
Gerrards-Hesse, A., Spies, K., & Hesse, F. W. (1994). Experimental inductions of emotional states and their effectiveness: A review. British Journal of Psychology, 85, 55–78.
Gilet, A.-L. (2008). Procédures d’induction d’humeurs en laboratoire: Une revue critique [Mood-induction procedures: A critical review]. L’Encéphale, 34, 233–239. doi:10.1016/j.encep.2006.08.003
Greenwald, M. K., Cook, N., & Lang, P. J. (1989). Affective judgment and psychophysiological response: Dimensional covariation in the evaluation of pictorial stimuli. Journal of Psychophysiology, 3, 51–64.
Harmon-Jones, E., Harmon-Jones, C., Abramson, L., & Peterson, C. K. (2009). PANAS positive activation is associated with anger. Emotion, 9, 183–196. doi:10.1037/a0014959
Hertel, P. T., & Rude, S. S. (1991). Depressive deficits in memory: Focusing attention improves subsequent recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 120, 301–309. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.120.3.301
Hirokawa, E. (2004). Effects of music listening and relaxation instructions on arousal changes and the working memory task in older adults. Journal of Music Therapy, 41, 107–127.
Holst, G. (1986). The Planets: Mars, the bringer of war [Recorded by A. Davis (Cond.), Toronto Symphony]. ON: EMI Digital (CDC 547417). (Original work published 1918)
Isen, A. M., & Gorgoglione, J. M. (1983). Some specific effects of four affect-induction procedures. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 9, 136–141. doi:10.1177/0146167283091019
Jallais, C., & Corson, Y. (2008). Influence d’inductions d’humeurs positive et négative sur la structure des scripts [Impact of positive and negative mood inductions on the structure of scripts]. Psychologie Française, 53, 81–95. doi:10.1016/j.psfr.2007.09.004
Kensinger, E. A., & Schacter, D. L. (2006). Processing emotional pictures and words: Effects of valence and arousal. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 6, 110–126. doi:10.3758/CABN.6.2.110.
Krauth-Gruber, S., & Ric, F. (2000). Affect and stereotypic thinking: A test of the mood-and-general-knowledge model. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 1587–1597. doi:10.1177/ 01461672002612012
Lang, P. J., Greenwald, M. K., Bradley, M. M., & Hamm, A. O. (1993). Looking at pictures: Affective, facial, visceral, and behavioral reactions. Psychophysiology, 30, 261–273. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1993.tb03352.x
Martin, M. (1990). On the induction of mood. Clinical Psychology Review, 10, 669–697. doi:10.1016/0272-7358(90)90075-L
Mayer, J. D., Allen, J., & Beauregard, K. (1995). Mood inductions for four specific moods: A procedure employing guided imagery vignettes with music. Journal of Mental Imagery, 19, 133–150.
Mayer, J. D., & Gaschke, Y. N. (1988). The experience and meta-experience of mood. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 55, 102–111. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.55.1.102
Mayer, J. D., Gayle, M., Meehan, M., & Haarman, A. (1990). Toward better specification of the mood-congruency effect in recall. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 26, 465–480. doi:10.1016/0022-1031(90)90051-M
Mosak, H. H., & Dreikurs, R. (1973). Adlerian psychotherapy. In R. Corsini (Ed.), Current psychotherapies (pp. 52–95). Hasca, IL: Peacock.
Moussorgsky, M. (1988). Night on Bald Mountain ( first 8:32 to Bell Chime) [Recorded by E. Kunzel (Cond.), Cincinnati Pops Orchestra]. On Chiller. Cleveland, OH: Telarc (CD-80189). (Original work published in 1867)
Natale, M., & Hantas, M. (1982). Effects of temporary mood states on selective memory about the self. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 42, 927–934. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.42.5.927
Parrott, W. G., & Hertel, P. (1999). Research methods in cognition and emotion. In T. Dalgleish & M. J. Power (Eds.), Handbook of cognition and emotion (pp. 61–82). Chichester, U.K.: Wiley. doi:10.1002/0470013494.ch4
Peretz, I. (2001). Listen to the brain: A biological perspective on musical emotions. In P. N. Juslin & J. A. Sloboda (Eds.), Music and emotion: Theory and research (pp. 105–134). New York: Oxford University Press.
Prokofiev, S. (1987). Alexander Nevsky Cantata, Opus 78 (I. Russia Beneath the Yoke of the Mongols) [Recorded by A. Previn (Cond.), Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra]. Cleveland, OH: Telarc (CD-80143). (Original work published 1938)
Revelle, W., & Loftus, D. A. (1992). The implication of arousal effects for the study of affect and memory. In S. A. Christianson (Ed.), The handbook of emotion and memory: Research and theory (pp. 113–149). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Richardson, A., & Taylor, C. C. (1982). Vividness of memory imagery and self-induced mood change. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 21, 111–117.
Russell, J. A. (1980). A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 39, 1161–1178. doi:10.1037/h0077714
Russell, J. A., & Feldman-Barrett, L. (1999). Core affect, prototypical emotional episodes, and other things called emotion: Dissecting the elephant. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 76, 805–819. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.5.805
Russell, J. A., Weiss, A., & Mendelsohn, G. A. (1989). Affect Grid: A single-item scale of pleasure and activation. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 57, 493–502. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.3.493
Schachter, S., & Singer, J. E. (1962). Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state. Psychological Review, 69, 379–399. doi:10.1037/h0046234
Sloboda, J. A., & Juslin, P. N. (2001). Psychological perspectives on music and emotion. In P. N. Juslin & J. A. Sloboda (Eds.), Music and emotion: Theory and research (pp. 71–104). New York: Oxford University Press.
Slyker, J. P., & McNally, R. J. (1991). Experimental induction of anxious and depressed moods: Are Velten and musical procedures necessary? Cognitive Therapy & Research, 15, 33–45. doi:10.1007/ BF01172941
Strack, F., Schwarz, N., & Gschneidinger, E. (1985). Happiness and reminiscing: The role of time perspective, affect, and mode of thinking. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 49, 1460–1469. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.49.6.1460
Velten, E. (1968). A laboratory task for induction of mood states. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 6, 473–482. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(68)90028-4
Westermann, R., Spies, K., Stahl, G., & Hesse, F. W. (1996). Relative effectiveness and validity of mood induction procedures: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Social Psychology, 26, 557–580. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199607)26:4〈557::AID-EJSP769>⃛.0.CO;2-4
Zentner, M., Grandjean, D., & Scherer, K. R. (2008). Emotions evoked by the sound of music: Characterization, classification, and measurement. Emotion, 8, 494–521. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.8.4.494
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Both authors contributed equally to this article.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jallais, C., Gilet, AL. Inducing changes in arousal and valence: Comparison of two mood induction procedures. Behavior Research Methods 42, 318–325 (2010). https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.42.1.318
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.42.1.318