Abstract
In five experiments, participants studied pairs of words and yes/no recognition memory for both item and associative information was tested. Two stimulus manipulations, nouns versus nonnouns and high versus low word concreteness, produced the mirror effect for both item and associative recognition. The mirror effect was reflected in both measures of accuracy and response latency. A word frequency manipulation, however, produced the mirror effect only for item recognition. Two additional experiments showed that the mirror effect could also be obtained between nouns and nonnouns and between high and low concrete words for associative recognition in a forced-choice recognition procedure. The results extend the generality of the mirror effect to measures of response latency and to associative recognition and also suggest that similar retrieval and decision processes underlie recognition of item and associative information.
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This work was supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Grant OGPIN012. Portions of this study were presented at the XXV International Congress of Psychology, Brussels, in July 1992.
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Hockley, W.E. Reflections of the mirror effect for item and associative recognition. Memory & Cognition 22, 713–722 (1994). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03209256
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03209256