Abstract
Effects of picture-word format were investigated with four problem-solving items. In Experiment 1, picture-word input was presented for 8 sec followed by a test sentence that included verbatim and inference statements. Subjects made a true/false reaction time to the test sentence. In Experiment 2, the input remained on the screen while the test sentence was presented with varied stimulus onset asynchronies from 0 to 1,000 msec. Results showed that responses to pictures were faster than responses to words, and the format effect was larger with inference than with verbatim sentences. The picture advantage seemed to be due to the nature of the input and how information is extracted from it. The findings are discussed within the context of text-processing theories (Glenberg & Langston, 1992; Larkin & Simon, 1987).
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This work was supported in part by funds from the Foundation of The University of North Carolina at Charlotte and from the State of North Carolina. Some of these findings were reported at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society in St. Louis, November 1994.
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Goolkasian, P. Picture-word differences in a sentence verification task. Mem Cogn 24, 584–594 (1996). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03201085
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03201085