Abstract
Three experiments were performed to explore the effects of mismatches between actions (keypresses) and the contents of auditory feedback (pitch events) during music performance. Pianists performed melodies from memory during altered auditory feedback that was synchronized with keypresses but matched the pitch of other sequence events. Feedback direction was manipulated by presenting pitches that matched events intended for the past (delays; Experiments 1 and 3) or the future (prelays; Experiments 2 and 3). Feedback distance was manipulated by varying the absolute separation between the current event and the location of the feedback pitch. All alterations disrupted the accuracy of performance (pitch errors) more so than timing. Serial-ordering errors indicated confusions among proximal and metrically similar events, consistent with the predictions of an incremental planning model (Palmer & Pfordresher, 2003). Patterns of serial-ordering errors suggested that performers compensate for the disruptive effects of altered feedback by changing event activations during planning.
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This research was sponsored in part by NSF Grant BCS-0344892, awarded to P.Q.P., and by the Canada Research Chairs program, NSERC Grant 298173, and NIMH Grant R01-45764, awarded to C.P. Portions of these results were presented at the 2001 Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society and the 2002 Auditory Perception, Cognition, and Action meeting.
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Pfordresher, P.Q., Palmer, C. Effects of hearing the past, present, or future during music performance. Perception & Psychophysics 68, 362–376 (2006). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193683
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193683