Disordered Eating in Women: Implications for the Obesity Pandemic

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
14 February 2011

Abstract

Contemporary Western society emphasizes thinness for women, and the ideal female body size has become progressively smaller over the past half century. Meanwhile, the actual female body size has increased steadily, and rates of aberrant attitudes and behaviours surrounding food and weight have risen and tend to be much more common in overweight individuals. Thus disordered eating and excess body weight may perpetuate each other's development. We have synthesized the literature concerning female body size and disordered eating within a sociocultural context. Eight cognitions and behaviours that occur in women were examined: media exposure, weight stereotypes, body dissatisfaction, dieting, “fat talk,” emotional eating, perfectionism, and the “superwoman” ideal. The research literature suggests that these factors may play a role in both disordered eating and obesity. Furthermore, these factors may induce triggers, exacerbated by perfectionism and excess weight, that increase the risk of binge eating. These triggers include interpersonal discrepancies, low interpersonal esteem, depressive affect, and dietary restraint. Comprehensive interventions targeting the indicated sociocultural cognitions and behaviours, combined with healthy living education, may be the most effective strategy for reducing the prevalence of disordered eating and obesity among females.

Résumé

La société occidentale contemporaine prône la minceur chez la femme. En effet, au cours de la dernière moitié de siècle, la taille d'un corps de femme idéal est progressivement devenue plus petite. Or, la taille véritable du corps de la femme a augmenté de façon constante, et les taux d'attitudes et de comportements aberrants envers les aliments et le poids ont augmenté. De plus, ces attitudes et comportements ont tendance à être beaucoup plus communs chez les gens présentant un surplus de poids. Par conséquent, on croit que les troubles de l'alimentation pourraient entraîner un surplus de poids, et vice-versa. Cet article présente une synthèse de la littérature relative à la taille du corps de la femme et aux troubles de l'alimentation dans un contexte socioculturel. Huit cognitions et comportements constatés chez les femmes ont été examinés : l'exposition aux médias, les stéréotypes liés au poids, le mécontentement par rapport à son corps, les régimes amaigrissants, le « discours sur le poids », le fait de manger ses émotions, le perfectionnisme et l'idéal de la « superfemme ». La littérature de recherche suggère que ces facteurs pourraient jouer un rôle dans la survenue de troubles de l'alimentation et de l'obésité. De plus, ces facteurs pourraient faire naître des éléments déclencheurs – aggravés par le perfectionnisme et un excès de poids – dont des différences interpersonnelles, une faible estime de soi, un affect dépressif et des restrictions sur le plan de l'alimentation, qui augmentent le risque de frénésie alimentaire. Les interventions complètes qui ciblent les cognitions et comportements socioculturels mentionnés, jumelées à une éducation sur la vie saine, pourraient constituer la stratégie la plus efficace pour réduire à la fois la prévalence des troubles de l'alimentation et de l'obésité chez les femmes.

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Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 72Number 1March 2011
Pages: e115 - e125

History

Version of record online: 14 February 2011

Authors

Affiliations

Christie S. Urquhart, BSNH
School of Nutrition & Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS
Tanis V. Mihalynuk, BSc, PhD, RD, PDt
School of Nutrition & Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS

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Cited by

1. Body Satisfaction and Associated Predictors Among Baby Boomer Women in Rural and Urban Manitoba
2. A Review of Eating Disorders and Disordered Eating amongst Nutrition Students and Dietetic Professionals

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