Where are all the Autistic Parents? A Thematic Analysis of Autistic Parenting Discourse within the Narrative of Parenting and Autism in Online Media

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v16i2.2701

Keywords:

adulthood autism, Autistic parents, thematic media analysis, neurodiverse parenting, #ActuallyAutistic

Abstract

Although content related to parenting Autistic children is common in online media, little attention is paid to the experiences of Autistic parents. There is a growing trend of parents receiving autism diagnoses after their children are diagnosed, yet a basic Google search on “parents” and “autism” reveals myriad data on the experiences of parents of Autistic children and little on experiences of Autistic parents. A systematic online search, augmented with a “crowd-sourcing” request to online parent support groups, identified only 15 articles and blogs that discuss Autistic parenting in advocacy, lifestyle, and parenting websites. This article explores the scope and content of Autistic parenting discourse in these online media to consider how the experiences of Autistic parents are conceptualized and situated within broader narratives of neurodiversity, autism and parenting. Media discourse focused on women who had received their autism diagnosis in adulthood, their experiences navigating their diagnoses, minimizing parenting challenges, and pushing back against autism stereotypes, with the majority of content intended for Allistic audiences. Recent increased recognition of autism in women has coincided with a new interest in Autistic parenthood, raising questions about gendered assumptions and disabled mothering. The media narrative includes “defying stereotypes” and “proving” autism is compatible with parenthood, echoing mainstream beliefs. Social justice issues reinscribed in the narrative illustrate how centring the voices of Autistic parents can reconceptualize public perception of autism and bridge the disconnect between parenting Autistic children, and Autistic parenting of children.

References

Altay, A. (2021, June 28). Why autistic people are using #actuallyautistic on social media. Medium. https://medium.com/artfullyautistic/why-autistic-people-are-using-actualyautistic-on-social-media-f75fbb210bbc

APA (American Psychiatric Association). (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: Fifth edition. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596

Autism Canada. (2020) What do the terms neurotypical, neurodivergent, neurodiversity, and allistic mean? Resources: Frequently asked questions. https://autismcanada.org/resources/faq/

ASAN (Autistic Self-Advocacy Network). (2021a). About Autism. About ASAN. https://autisticadvocacy.org/about-asan/about-autism/

ASAN (Autistic Self-Advocacy Network). (2021b). Neurodiversity and disability rights. What we believe. https://autisticadvocacy.org/about-asan/what-we-believe/

Ballou, E. P. (2018, February 6th). What the neurodiversity movement does—and doesn’t—offer. Thinking Person’s Guide to Autism. http://www.thinkingautismguide.com/2018/02/what-neurodiversity-movement-doesand.html

Bargiela, S., Steward, R., & Mandy, W. (2016). The experiences of late-diagnosed women with autism spectrum conditions: An investigation of the female autism phenotype. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(10), 3281-3294.

Barnes, C. (2019). Understanding the social model of disability: Past, present and future. In N. Watson & S. Vehmas (Eds.), Routledge handbook of disability studies (2nd ed.) (pp. 14-31). Routledge.

Blumenthal, A. (2015). Child neglect I: Scope, consequences, and risk and protective factors. Canadian Child Welfare Research Portal. https://cwrp.ca/sites/default/files/publications/en/141E.pdf

Braedley, S. (2006). Someone to watch over you: Gender, class, and social reproduction. In K. Bezanson & M. Luxton (eds) Social reproduction: Feminist political economy challenges neo-liberalism (pp. 215-230). McGill-Queen’s University Press

Davidson, J., & Orsini, D. (2013). Worlds of autism: Across the spectrum of neurological difference. University of Minnesota Press.

Deweert, S. (2017, May 18). The joys and challenges of being a parent with autism. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2017/05/autism-parenting/526989/

Dias, I. (2019, June 11). ‘I understand exactly who he is’: Moms discover they share autism with their children. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/i-understand-exactly-who-he-is-moms-discover-they-share-autism-with-their-children/2019/06/07/a8c6d06a-5fc4-11e9-9ff2-abc984dc9eec_story.html

Eartharcher, L. (2017, January 2). The #acutallyautistic hashtag is *only* for actually-autistic people. The Silent Wave. https://thesilentwaveblog.wordpress.com/2017/01/02/the-actuallyautistic-hashtag-is-only-for-actually-autistic-people/

Farmer, R., & Reupert, A. (2013). Understanding autism and understanding my child with autism: An evaluation of a group parent education program in rural Australia. The Australian Journal of Rural Health, 21(1), 20-27.

Farmer, S. (2020). Aspie dad, spectrum son. The Asperger/Autism Network. https://www.aane.org/aspie-dad-spectrum-son/

Fleischmann, A. (2005). The hero’s story and autism: Grounded theory study of websites for parents of children with autism. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 9(3), 299-316.

Frederick, A. (2014). Mothering while disabled. Contexts, 13(4), 30-35.

Grant, L. (2015) From here to maternity, pregnancy and motherhood on the autism spectrum. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

Grue, L., & Lærum, K. T. (2002). “Doing motherhood”: Some experiences of mothers with physical disabilities. Disability & Society, 17(6), 671-683.

Gruson-Wood, J. (2016). Autism, expert discourses, and subjectification: A critical examination of applied behavioural therapies. Studies in Social Justice, 10(1), 38-58.

Hall, C. M., Culler, E. D., & Frank-Webb, A. (2016). Online dissemination of resources and services for parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDS): A systematic review of evidence. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 3(4), 273-285.

Hammer, A., & Cunningham, R. (Directors). (July 9, 2020). Gestation (Season 1, Episode 2) [TV series episode]. In A. Schumer (Executive Producer), Expecting Amy. It’s So Easy Productions.

Hill, A. (2016, December 26). Autism: ‘Hidden pool’ of undiagnosed mothers with condition emerging. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/dec/26/autism-hidden-pool-of-undiagnosed-mothers-with-condition-emerging

Hill, A. (2017, April 15). Mothers with autism: ‘I mothered my children in a very differentway’. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/apr/15/women-autistic-mothers-undiagnosed-children

James, L. (2019, February 1). Having autism made me a better mother. Today’s Parent. https://www.todaysparent.com/family/special-needs/having-autism-made-me-a-better-mother/#

Justine, L. (2020, October 28). My neurodiverse household. Medium. https://medium.com/artfullyautistic/my-neurodiverse-household-62be05a3a68f

Kim, C. (2014a, January 22). Motherhood: Autistic parenting. Autistic Women & Nonbinary Network (AWN). https://awnnetwork.org/motherhood-autistic-parenting/

Kim, C. (2014b, April 17). Autistic motherhood: Honoring our personal choices. Autistic Women & Nonbinary Network (AWN). https://awnnetwork.org/autistic-motherhood-honoring-our-personal-choices/

Kim, C. (n.d.) Musings of an aspie: One woman’s thoughts about life on the spectrum. Musings of an Aspie. https://musingsofanaspie.com

Ku, S., Stinson, J. D., & MacDonald, M. (2019). Parental behavior comparisons between parents of children with autism spectrum disorder and parents of children without autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analysis. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(6), 1445-1460.

Lai, M. C., Lombardo, M. V., Auyeung, B., Chakrabarti, B., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2015). Sex/gender differences and autism: Setting the scene for future research. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(1), 11-24.

Loomes R., Hull, L., & Mandy W. P. L. (2017). What is the male-to-female ratio in autism spectrum disorder? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(6), 466-474.

MacDonald, J. (2016). Intersectionality and disability. In J. Robertson & G. Larson (Eds.), Disability and social change: A progressive Canadian approach (pp. 136-166). Fernwood Press.

Malacrida, C. (2009). Performing motherhood in a disablist world: Dilemmas of motherhood, femininity and disability. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 22(1), 99-117.

Malia, J. (2020, April 15). My daughter and I were diagnosed with autism on the same day. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/15/parenting/autism-mom.html

O Donnell, A. (2019, May 20). Autistic dad shares his struggles with being a parent. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-foyle-west-48289636

Oliver, M. (1996) Understanding disability: From theory to practice. Saint Martin’s Press

Oliver, M. (2013). The social model of disability: Thirty years on. Disability & Society, 28(7), 1024-1026.

Orsini, M. (2012). Autism, neurodiversity and the welfare state: The challenges of accommodating neurological difference. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 45(4), 805-827.

Osorio, R. (2020, May 26). I am #actuallyautistic, hear me Tweet: The autist-topoi of autistic activists on twitter. Enculturation. http://enculturation.net/I_Am_ActuallyAutistic

Pacton, J. (2016, February 3). 4 moms share what it’s like to be an autistic parent. Parents. https://www.parents.com/health/special-needs-now/4-moms-share-what-its-like-to-be-an-autistic-parent/

Parker, L. (2019). The truth about being autistic and a mother. Motherly. https://www.mother.ly/life/the-truth-about-being-autistic-and-a-mother

Pearson, A., & Rose, K. (2020). A conceptual analysis of autistic masking: Understanding the narrative of stigma and the illusion of choice. Autism in Adulthood, 3(1), 52-60.

Pellicano, D., Dinsmore, A., & Charman, T. (2014). What should autism research focus upon? Community views and priorities from the United Kingdom. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 18(7), 756-770.

Pinto, P. (2010) Beyond the state: The making of disability and gender under neoliberalism in Portugal. In S. Braedley & M. Luxton (Eds.), Neoliberalism and everyday life (pp. 113-135). McGill-Queens University Press.

Pohl, A. L., Crockford, S. K., Blakemore, M., Allison, C., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2020). A comparative study of autistic and non-autistic women’s experience of motherhood. Molecular Autism, 11, 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0304-2

Poslawsky, I., Naber, F. B., Van Daalen, E., & Van Engeland, H. (2014). Parental reaction to early diagnosis of their children’s autism spectrum disorder: An exploratory study. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 45(3), 294-305.

Pozo, S., Sarriá, E., & Brioso, A. (2014). Family quality of life and psychological well-being in parents of children with autism spectrum disorders: A double abcx model. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 58(5), 442-458.

Pyne, J. (2021). Autistic disruptions, trans temporalities: A narrative “trap door” in time. South Atlantic Quarterly, 120(2), 343-361.

Reinke, J. S., & Solheim, C. A. (2015). Online social support experiences of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(8), 2364-2373.

Rogers, C., Lepherd, L., Ganguly, R., & Jacob-Rogers, S. (2017). Perinatal issues for women with high functioning autism spectrum disorder. Women and Birth: Journal of the Australian College of Midwives, 30(2), e89-e95.

Romero, M. (2018). Introducing intersectionality. Polity Press

Rudy, L. J. (2020, November 21). Autistic adults as parents. Very Well Health. Retrieved December 2, 2020, from https://www.verywellhealth.com/autistic-adults-as-parents-4147325

Sandham, E. (2017, December 27). My invisible struggles as a mother with asperger’s syndrome. The Mighty. https://themighty.com/2017/12/invisible-struggles-of-a-mother-with-aspergers-syndrome/

Shakespeare, T. (2006). Disability rights and wrongs. Taylor & Francis.

Shakespeare, T. (2010). The social model of disability. In J. L. Davis (Eds.), The disability studies reader (pp. 266-73). Routledge.

Strang J., van der Miesen A., Caplan R., Hughes C., daVanport S., & Lai M-C. (2020). Both sex- and gender-related factors should be considered in autism research and clinical practice. Autism, 24(3), 539-543.

Suplee, P., Gardner, M., Bloch, J., & Lecks, K. (2014). Childbearing experiences of women with asperger syndrome. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 43(S1), S76-S76.

Track, L. (2014). Able mothers: The intersection of parenting, disability and the law. West Coast Leaf. http://www.westcoastleaf.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/2014-REPORT-Able-Mothers.pdf

Walker, N. (2021). Neuroqueer heresies: Notes on the neurodiversity paradigm, autistic empowerment, and postnormal possibilities. Autonomous Press.

Whiteley, P., Todd, L., & Carr, K. (2010). Gender ratios in autism, Asperger Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism Insights, 2, 17-24.

Zeman, L.D., Swanke, S., & Doktor, J. (2011). Strengths classification of social relationships among cybermothers raising children with autism spectrum disorders. The School Community Journal, 21(1), 37-51.

Downloads

Published

2022-03-11

Issue

Section

Autism_Media_Social Justice