Abstract
Obesity is now classically characterized by a cluster of several metabolic disorders, and by a low grade inflammation. The evidence that the gut microbiota composition can be different between healthy and or obese and type 2 diabetic patients has led to the study of this environmental factor as a key link between the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases and the gut microbiota. Several mechanisms are proposed linking events occurring in the colon and the regulation of energy metabolism, such as i.e. the energy harvest from the diet, the synthesis of gut peptides involved in energy homeostasis (GLP-1, PYY … ), and the regulation of fat storage. Moreover, the development of obesity and metabolic disorders following a high-fat diet may be associated to the innate immune system. Indeed, high-fat diet feeding triggers the development of obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis by mechanisms dependent of the LPS and/or the fatty acids activation of the CD14/TLR4 receptor complex. Importantly, fat feeding is also associated with the development of metabolic endotoxemia in human subjects and participates in the low-grade inflammation, a mechanism associated with the development of atherogenic markers. Finally, data obtained in experimental models and human subjects are in favour of the fact that changing the gut microbiota (with prebiotics and/or probiotics) may participate in the control of the development of metabolic diseases associated with obesity. Thus, it would be useful to find specific strategies for modifying gut microbiota to impact on the occurrence of metabolic diseases.
Keywords: high fat diet, metabolic endotoxemia- obesity, prebiotics, gut peptides, bifidobacteria, gut bacteria, cardiovascular diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Energy Metabolism and Metabolic Disease
Volume: 15 Issue: 13
Author(s): Patrice D. Cani and Nathalie M. Delzenne
Affiliation:
Keywords: high fat diet, metabolic endotoxemia- obesity, prebiotics, gut peptides, bifidobacteria, gut bacteria, cardiovascular diseases
Abstract: Obesity is now classically characterized by a cluster of several metabolic disorders, and by a low grade inflammation. The evidence that the gut microbiota composition can be different between healthy and or obese and type 2 diabetic patients has led to the study of this environmental factor as a key link between the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases and the gut microbiota. Several mechanisms are proposed linking events occurring in the colon and the regulation of energy metabolism, such as i.e. the energy harvest from the diet, the synthesis of gut peptides involved in energy homeostasis (GLP-1, PYY … ), and the regulation of fat storage. Moreover, the development of obesity and metabolic disorders following a high-fat diet may be associated to the innate immune system. Indeed, high-fat diet feeding triggers the development of obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis by mechanisms dependent of the LPS and/or the fatty acids activation of the CD14/TLR4 receptor complex. Importantly, fat feeding is also associated with the development of metabolic endotoxemia in human subjects and participates in the low-grade inflammation, a mechanism associated with the development of atherogenic markers. Finally, data obtained in experimental models and human subjects are in favour of the fact that changing the gut microbiota (with prebiotics and/or probiotics) may participate in the control of the development of metabolic diseases associated with obesity. Thus, it would be useful to find specific strategies for modifying gut microbiota to impact on the occurrence of metabolic diseases.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Cani D. Patrice and Delzenne M. Nathalie, The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Energy Metabolism and Metabolic Disease, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2009; 15 (13) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161209788168164
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161209788168164 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
High-Density Lipoprotein at the Interface of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus And Cardiovascular Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design Repositioning of Drugs in Cardiometabolic Disorders: Importance and Current Scenario
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacotherapy of Mixed Dyslipidemia in the Metabolic Syndrome
Current Clinical Pharmacology Adiponectin: A Key Player in Obesity Related Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design Targeting Inhibition of COX-2: A Review of Patents, 2002 - 2006
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Targeting Matrix Metalloproteinases in Acute Inflammatory Shock Syndromes
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Is Bilirubin a Marker of Vascular Disease and/or Cancer and is it a Potential Therapeutic Target?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Vitamin D Supplementation: A Promising Approach for the Prevention and Treatment of Strokes
Current Drug Targets Plasminogen Activator System and Vascular Disease
Current Vascular Pharmacology Mechanisms of Endothelial Dysfunction: Clinical Significance and Preventive Non-Pharmacological Therapeutic Strategies
Current Pharmaceutical Design Role for Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Activation in Diabetic Nephropathy, Neuropathy and Retinopathy
Current Vascular Pharmacology Determinants of Paraoxonase 1 Status: Genes, Drugs and Nutrition
Current Medicinal Chemistry Air Pollution, Platelet Activation and Atherosclerosis
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Cardiovascular Effects of Endogenous Estrogen and Hormone Therapy
Current Vascular Pharmacology Pragmatic Analysis of Dyslipidemia Involvement in Coronary Artery Disease: A Narrative Review
Current Cardiology Reviews Hyperhomocysteinaemia: A Critical Review of Old and New Aspects
Current Drug Metabolism The Importance of Novel Inflammatory Biomarkers in Renal Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry Experimental Models of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: An Overview
Current Pharmaceutical Design A Therapeutic Target for Microvascular Complications in Diabetes: Endothelium- Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor
Current Cardiology Reviews A Fresh Prospect of Extracellular Matrix Hydrolytic Enzymes and Their Substrates
Current Pharmaceutical Design