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Statins and the Reduction of Sudden Cardiac Death

Antiarrhythmic or Anti-Ischemic Effect?

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Abstract

Sudden cardiac death is an important cause of cardiovascular mortality with the majority of cases occurring in low-risk groups. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) have recently been shown to reduce the incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT)/fibrillation (VF) and sudden cardiac death, and this has been attributed to their pleiotropic effects. However, it is unclear whether this occurs through an ‘indirect’ anti-ischemic or ‘direct’ antiarrhythmic effect. We systematically reviewed articles published on MEDLINE between January 1996 and December 2009 focusing on the reduction of VT/VF and sudden cardiac death by statins and the potential mechanisms. Studies reporting sudden cardiac death or VT/VF outcomes with statin use (n = 23) or the pathophysiology of sudden cardiac death reduction by statins (n = 19) were included. We found that statins have been shown to reduce VT/VF and sudden cardiac death only in subjects with underlying coronary artery disease or ischemic cardiomyopathy. No definite benefits were seen with statins in sudden cardiac death and VT/VF in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. There is insufficient evidence to point toward a benefit in populations at low risk for VT/VF. In conclusion, an anti-ischemic rather than a primary antiarrhythmic effect emerges as the likely mechanism of sudden cardiac death reduction with statins.

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Acknowledgments

No funding was provided for the preparation of this review. None of the authors have any conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this review.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Internal Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

    Abhimanyu Beri & Tahmeed Contractor

  2. Department of Rheumatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    Atul Khasnis

  3. Department of Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology, Thoracic and Cardiovascular Institute, Lansing, Michigan, USA

    Ranjan Thakur

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  1. Abhimanyu Beri
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Beri, A., Contractor, T., Khasnis, A. et al. Statins and the Reduction of Sudden Cardiac Death. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 10, 155–164 (2010). https://doi.org/10.2165/11536690-000000000-00000

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