초록

남성과 여성에게서 나타나는 인지적, 행동적 차이는 공감하기(empathizing)와 체계화하기(systemizing)의 두 가지 심리적 차원으로 설명될 수 있다는 Baron-Cohen의 공감하기-체계화하기 이론을 검증하기 위해, 이공계열과 어문계열 전공의 남녀 대학생 374명에게 공감지수 척도, 체계화지수 척도 및 자폐스펙트럼지수 척도를 실시하였다. 연구 결과 남학생은 여학생보다 체계화지수가 더 높았고, 이공계열 전공생은 어문계열 전공생보다 체계화지수가 더 높았다. 반면 공감지수의 성차와 전공 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 각 개인의 공감하기 수준과 체계화하기 수준의 상대적 차이는 성별과 전공에 따라 달라서, 여학생과 어문계열 전공생은 체계화하기에 비해 공감하기 수준이 더 높았으나 남학생과 이공계열 학생은 공감하기에 비해 체계화하기 수준이 더 높았다. 또한 각 개인의 공감하기와 체계화하기의 상대적 수준에 따라 인지유형을 5가지로 나누었을 때 남학생과 이공계열 전공생은 공감하기보다 체계화하기 성향이 더 강한 S형에 많았고 여학생과 어문계열 전공생은 체계화하기보다 공감하기 성향이 더 강한 E형에 많았다. 또한 S형과 극단적 S형의 자폐스펙트럼 지수는 E형과 극단적 E형의 자폐스펙트럼 지수보다 높았다. 이 결과는 공감하기와 체계화하기 수준의 상대적 차이가 성차뿐만 아니라 자폐적 성향을 설명할 수 있다는 공감하기-체계화하기 이론을 지지한다.

키워드

성차, 공감하기, 체계화하기, 인지유형, 전공 분야

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