The Blue Zones: areas of exceptional longevity around the world

Michel Poulain; Anne Herm; Gianni Pes

doi:doi:10.1553/populationyearbook2013s87

Vienna Institute of Demography (Ed.)

Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2013

ISSN 1728-4414
Print Edition
ISSN 1728-5305
Online Edition
ISBN 978-3-7001-7625-1
Print Edition
ISBN 978-3-7001-7645-9
Online Edition

doi:10.1553/populationyearbook2013
Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2013
2013, 349 Seiten, 24x17cm, broschiert
€ 40,–
Open access

Introduction
Graziella Caselli and Marc Luy: Determinants of unusual and differential longevity

Refereed Articles
Elizabeth Wrigley-Field: Mortality deceleration is not informative of unobserved heterogeneity in open groups

Shiro Horiuchi, Nadine Ouellette, Siu Lan Karen Cheung and Jean-Marie Robine: Modal age at death: lifespan indicator in the era of longevity extension

Jon Anson: Surviving to be the oldest old—destiny or chance?

Michel Poulain, Anne Herm and Gianni Pes: The Blue Zones: areas of exceptional longevity around the world

Luis Rosero-Bixby, William H. Dow and David H. Rehkopf: The Nicoya region of Costa Rica: a high longevity island for elderly males

Sebastian Klüsener and Rembrandt D. Scholz: Regional hot spots of exceptional longevity in Germany

Richard G. Rogers, Patrick M. Krueger, Richard Miech and Elizabeth M. Lawrence: Lifetime abstainers and mortality risk in the United States

Maria Winkler-Dworak and Heiner Kaden: The longevity of academicians: evidence from the Saxonian Academy of Sciences and Humanities in Leipzig

Morgan E. Levine and Eileen M. Crimmins: Evidence of resiliency among long-lived smokers

Ethan J. Sharygin and Michel Guillot: Ethnicity, russification and excess mortality in Kazakhstan

Graziella Caselli, Rosa Maria Lipsi, Enrica Lapucci and James W. Vaupel: Exploring Sardinian longevity: women fertility and parental transmission of longevity

Valérie Jarry, Alain Gagnon and Robert Bourbeau: Maternal age, birth order and other early-life factors: a family-level approach to exploring exceptional survival

Leonid A. Gavrilov and Natalia S. Gavrilova: Determinants of exceptional human longevity: new ideas and findings

Luisa Salaris, Nicola Tedesco and Michel Poulain: Familial transmission of human longevity: a population-based study in an inland village of Sardinia (Italy), 1850–2010

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Tel. +43-1-515 81/DW 3420, Fax +43-1-515 81/DW 3400
https://verlag.oeaw.ac.at, e-mail: verlag@oeaw.ac.at

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Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2013
ISSN 1728-4414
Print Edition
ISSN 1728-5305
Online Edition
ISBN 978-3-7001-7625-1
Print Edition
ISBN 978-3-7001-7645-9
Online Edition

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doi:10.1553/populationyearbook2013s87

Online Edition

Table of Contents

Vienna Institute of Demography (Ed.)

Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2013

ISSN 1728-4414
Print Edition
ISSN 1728-5305
Online Edition
ISBN 978-3-7001-7625-1
Print Edition
ISBN 978-3-7001-7645-9
Online Edition

doi:10.1553/populationyearbook2013
Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2013
2013, 349 Seiten, 24x17cm, broschiert
€ 40,–
Open access

Michel Poulain,

Anne Herm,

Gianni Pes

The Blue Zones: areas of exceptional longevity around the world ()

S. 87 - 108
doi:10.1553/populationyearbook2013s87

Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften

Abstract:
The aim of this study was to compare the level of population longevity and the characteristics of four geographic areas where unusually high proportions of longlived individuals have been observed. For these areas (Ogliastra in Sardinia, Okinawa in Japan, the Nicoya peninsula in Costa Rica and the island of Ikaria in Greece). The term of ‘blue zone’ (BZ) given to these areas is defined as a limited region where the population shares a common lifestyle and environment and whose exceptional longevity has been accurately verified. This paper discusses the use of different indexes to measure the longevity of a population. As a preliminary result of our investigations we confirm the exceptional level of male longevity in the Sardinian BZ and both male and female longevity in Okinawa. Considering possible explanations, we observed that BZ populations are geographically and/or historically isolated (islands and mountainous regions). These populations succeeded in maintaining a traditional lifestyle implying an intense physical activity that extends beyond the age of 80, a reduced level of stress and intensive family and community support for their oldest olds as well as the consumption of locally produced food. This is likely to have facilitated the accumulation of ideal conditions capable of limiting the factors that negatively impact on health in most Western populations. These people experienced the epidemiological transition—and its implications—in relative recent times, and their remarkably good health status during ageing could be the result of a delicate balance between the benefits of the traditional lifestyle and those of modernity (increased wealth, better medical care). All these factors could have promoted an ideal milieu for the emergence of long-lived phenotypes at the population level.

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Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Austrian Academy of Sciences Press

A-1011 Wien, Dr. Ignaz Seipel-Platz 2
Tel. +43-1-515 81/DW 3420, Fax +43-1-515 81/DW 3400
https://verlag.oeaw.ac.at, e-mail: verlag@oeaw.ac.at