Abstract
Purpose: To describe and compare adolescent and parent perspectives on communication, family adaptability and cohesion, as well as relationships among these variables, during the first month of an adolescent’s cancer diagnosis.
Methods: Seventy adolescent-parent dyads were enrolled as part of a larger multi-site study. The adolescents ranged in age from 11 to 19, and 61% were males. Parents were predominately mothers (83%). Dyads were predominately non-Hispanic Caucasian (63%). Measures included the Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES II). Paired t-tests, Pearson correlations, intra-class correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression analyses were completed.
Results: Adolescent scores on communication, family adaptability and cohesion were significantly lower than parent scores. The inter-dyadic agreement between adolescents and parents was low. Communication, family adaptability and cohesion were examined separately for adolescents and for parents, and significant relationships were found. Both adolescent- and parent-perceived communication was significantly associated with family adaptability and cohesion outcomes.
Conclusions: Differences were found in adolescent and parent perceptions of communication, family adaptability and cohesion. When both adolescents and parents had better perceived communication, this was associated with better perceived family adaptability and cohesion. Results suggest that the development of interventions to enhance adolescent-parent communication could help foster better family adaptability and cohesion, which may ultimately impact their psychological adjustment. In addition, understanding the degree to which adolescents and parents disagree on their perceptions, including the results that parents generally have more favorable perceptions, may be a useful starting point when developing interventions.
This project was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) R29 (NR03882: PI: Haase). Additional support was provided by the first author’s doctoral scholarships/fellowships: American Cancer Society Doctoral Scholarship in Cancer Nursing (DSCN-05-181-01), Leadership and Education in Adolescent Health (HRSA/T71MC00008-14-00), Individual National Research Service Award, NIH/NINR (F31 NR009733-01A1), Institutional National Research Service Award, NIH/NINR (T32 NR07066), Mary Margaret Walther Cancer Institute Predoctoral Fellowship, Research Incentive Fellowship, Indiana University School of Nursing and the second author’s institutional CTSI career development award PHS (NCCR) KL2RR025760-02.
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