Efectos de un Programa de Equitación Adaptada y Terapéutica en un Grupo de Niños con Trastornos del Espectro Autista
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14204/ejrep.32.13115Palabras clave:
Autismo, calidad de vida, equitación terapéutica, equitación adaptada, evaluación de la conducta.Resumen
Introducción. El uso de caballos en la terapia tiene una historia bastante larga. Hay muchas referencias acerca de los beneficios terapéuticos de esta actividad. Estas terapias han experimentado un auge a nivel internacional en los últimos años. Sin embargo, la investigación científica sobre el uso efectivo de esta actividad en los niños con autismo se encuentra todavía en las primeras etapas de desarrollo.
Método. Se evalúa el impacto de un programa de equitación terapéutica en un conjunto de variables psicosociales en un grupo de 16 sujetos con trastorno del espectro autista de 7 a 14 años de edad. El diseño del estudio fue cuasi-experimental, test-retest, con grupo experimental y grupo de control. Los instrumentos de medición fueron el "Sistema de Evaluación de la Conducta Infantil" (BASC) y un cuestionario de calidad de vida basado en un modelo están-dar que se utiliza en los contextos de salud mental. El programa de tratamiento comprende veinticuatro sesiones de 45 minutos.
Resultados. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en algunos de los indicadores de calidad de vida y niveles más bajos de agresividad en la batería (BASC).
Discusión y conclusiones. La equitación es una actividad que se adapta particularmente bien a las características específicas de las personas con autismo, ya que se basa en una actividad individual, pero al mismo tiempo pone en juego múltiples interacciones en un contexto que es más estructurado y menos caótico que otros deportes de equipo.
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