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State Regulation and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

  • Chapter
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Part of the book series: Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience ((CCNE))

Abstract

Parents, teachers, and clinicians continue saying that the behavior of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be extremely variable. For activities that are of interest (i.e., watching television), the children can sit still and maintain attention for hours. Their performance accuracy declines rapidly, however, if the task at hand is not appealing, which may happen during (neuro) psychological testing. Here, the clinician needs all his or her experience to keep the child on track in order to estimate the child’s true potential. Once the requirements for testing are finally met (i.e., the child sits still, listens carefully, and is motivated), the clinician is exhausted, and the child shows “no deficits.” This huge variability of behavior may lead to confusing interpretations in our research field. For instance, on the one hand, many researchers consider the classroom to be an optimal condition to study the effects of methylphenidate (MPH) on impulsive and overactive behavior, whereas on the other hand, children with ADHD have more daytime sleep episodes than the norm (1). The role of behavioral variability in ADHD is also emphasized by genetic studies, showing that variable responding during reaction-time (RT) tests mediates the genetic effects, not ability factors per se, including delay aversion (2) or stopping an intended response (3).

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  1. Laboratory of Developmental and Experimental Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Jaap van der Meere PhD

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  1. Kosair Children’s Hospital, Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY

    David Gozal MD

  2. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY

    Dennis L. Molfese PhD

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van der Meere, J. (2005). State Regulation and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. In: Gozal, D., Molfese, D.L. (eds) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-891-9:413

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