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Original ResearchSleep MedicinePower Spectral Analysis of EEG Activity During Sleep in Cigarette Smokers
Section snippets
Study Sample
The current investigation used data from the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS), which is a multicenter study on sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease. Details regarding the design of the SHHS study have been published previously.5 Briefly, the baseline cohort for the SHHS study was recruited from ongoing epidemiologic studies of cardiovascular and respiratory disease. The SHHS cohort was used to identify a group of matched smokers and nonsmokers using a computerized algorithm.
Results
Forty smokers and nonsmokers met the strict exclusion criteria, and were individually matched on age, gender, race, BMI, neck circumference, and AHI (Table 1). Smokers reported smoking an average of 25.3 cigarettes per day (range, 20 to 50 cigarettes per day). Lack of restful sleep was reported by 5.0% of the nonsmokers and 22.5% of the smokers (p < 0.02). Measures of mental health status were similar between smokers and nonsmokers as was the amount of self-reported alcohol consumption.
Discussion
The last few decades have seen substantial advancements in our knowledge of the harmful health effects of cigarette smoking. The present study shows that cigarette smoking can alter sleep architecture independent of factors such as age, gender, race, anthropometric measures, caffeine and alcohol consumption, medical comorbidity, and mental health status. Despite similar sleep stage architecture, the EEG power spectrum in smokers was shifted toward higher frequencies compared to nonsmokers.
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The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Indian Health Service.
Supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute through the following cooperative agreements: HL53940 (University of Washington); HL53941 (Boston University); HL63463 (Case Western Reserve University); HL53937 (Johns Hopkins University); HL53938 (University of Arizona); HL53916 (University of California, Davis); HL53934 (University of Minnesota); HL63429 (Missouri Breaks Research); and HL53931 (New York University). Dr. Punjabi was also supported by grants HL075078, HL086862, and AG025553.
The authors have reported to the ACCP that no significant conflicts of interest exist with any companies/organizations whose products or services may be discussed in this article.