Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Television Media as a Potential Negative Factor in the Racial Identity Development of African American Youth

  • Media Column
  • Published:
Academic Psychiatry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Peffley M, Shields T, Williams B: The intersection of race and crime in television news stories: an experimental study. Political Communication 1996; 13: 309–327

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Wright JC, Houston AC, Truglio R, et al: Occupational portrayals on television: children’s role schemata, career aspirations and perceptions of reality. Child Dev 1995; 66: 1706–1718

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Gerbner G, Gross J: Living with television: the violence profile. J Communication 1976; 26: 172–194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Children Now: A different world: children’s perceptions of race and class in the media, 1999. Available at http://publications.childrennow.org/publications/media/differentworld_1999b.cfm

  5. Children Now: Fall Colors: Primetime Diversity Report, 2003–2004. Available at http://publications.childrennow.org/publications/media/fallcolors_2003.cfm

  6. U.S. Census Bureau. Census 2000. Available at www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/c2kbr01-5.pdf

  7. Nielsen Media Research 2006. Nielsen Media research reports television’s popularity is still growing. Available at http://www.nielsenmedia.com/nc/portal/site/Public/menuitem.55dc65b4a7d5adff3f65936147a062a0/?vgnextoid156527aacccd010VgnVCM100000ac0a260aRCRD

  8. Jackson DK: A march on too much television. The Boston Globe, November 2, 2005. Available at http://www.commercialalert.org/news/archive/2005/11/a-march-on-too-much-television

  9. Tan AS, Tan, G: Television use and self-esteem of blacks. J Communication 1979; 29: 129–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Cosby CO: Television’s imageable influences: the self-perceptions of young African Americans. Maryland/London, University Press of America, 1994

    Google Scholar 

  11. Barnes EJ: The Black community as the source of positive self-concept for Black children: a theoretical perspective, in Black Psychology. Edited by Jones RL. New York, Harper and Row, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  12. Norton D: Black family life patterns, the development of the self, and cognitive development of Black children, in The Psychosocial Development of Minority Group Children. Edited by Powell GJ. New York, Brunner/Mazel, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  13. Miller DB: Racial socialization and racial identity: can they promote resiliency for African American adolescents. Adolescence 1999; 34: 493–501

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Banks JA: Racial prejudice and black self-concept. Black Self Concept: implications for education and social science. Edited by Banks JA, Grambs JD. New York, McGraw-Hill Company, 1972

    Google Scholar 

  15. Mays VM: Identity development of black Americans: the role of history and the importance of ethnicity. Am J Psychotherapy 1986; 40: 582–593

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Mosby DP: Toward a theory of the unique personality of blacks: a psychocultural assessment, in Black Psychology. Edited by Jones RL. New York, Harper and Row Publishers, 1972

    Google Scholar 

  17. Williams-Morris RS: Racism and children’s health: issues in development. Ethn Dis 1996; 6: 69–82

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Bogle D: Toms, Coons, Mulattos, Mammies, and Bucks. New York, Continuum Publishing, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  19. Rich M, Woods ER, Goodman E, et al: Aggressors or victims: gender and race in music video violence. Pediatrics 1998; 101: 669–674

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Steele CM, Aronson J: Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans. J Pers Soc Psychol 1995; 69: 797–811

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Arroyo GA, Zigler E: Racial identity, academic achievement, and the psychological well-being of economically disadvantaged adolescents. J Pers Soc Psychol 1995; 69: 903–914

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Fordham S, Ogbu JU: Black student’s school success: coping with the burden of “acting white.” Urban Review 1986; 18: 176–206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Fordham S: Racelessness as a factor in Black student’s school success: pragmatic strategy of pyrrhic victory? Harvard Educational Review 1988; 58: 54–84

    Google Scholar 

  24. Fernando S: Racism as a cause of depression. Int J Soc Psychiatry 1984; 30: 41–49

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Cross WE Jr: Shades of Black: Diversity in African American Identity. Philadelphia, Temple University Press, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  26. Sellers RM, Caldwell CH, Schmeelk-Cone KH, et al: Racial identity, racial discrimination, perceived stress, and psychological distress among African American young adults. J Health Soc Behav 2003; 43: 302–317

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. West Central Mental Health Center, Canon City, Colo, USA

    Ardis C. Martin M.D. (Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, Private Practice)

Authors
  1. Ardis C. Martin M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ardis C. Martin M.D..

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Martin, A.C. Television Media as a Potential Negative Factor in the Racial Identity Development of African American Youth. Acad Psychiatry 32, 338–342 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ap.32.4.338

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ap.32.4.338

Keywords

Search

Navigation