1932

Abstract

Over the past 30 years, conservation of resources (COR) theory has become one of the most widely cited theories in organizational psychology and organizational behavior. COR theory has been adopted across the many areas of the stress spectrum, from burnout to traumatic stress. Further attesting to the theory's centrality, COR theory is largely the basis for the more work-specific leading theory of organizational stress, namely the job demands-resources model. One of the major advantages of COR theory is its ability to make a wide range of specific hypotheses that are much broader than those offered by theories that focus on a single central resource, such as control, or that speak about resources in general. In this article, we will revisit the principles and corollaries of COR theory that inform those more specific hypotheses and will review research in organizational behavior that has relied on the theory.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104640
2018-01-21
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/orgpsych/5/1/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104640.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104640&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. Abele AE, Spurk D. 2009. How do objective and subjective career success interrelate over time. ? J. Occup. Organ. Psychol. 82:4803–24 [Google Scholar]
  2. Airila A, Hakanen JJ, Schaufeli WB, Luukkonen R, Punakallio A, Lusa S. 2014. Are job and personal resources associated with work ability 10 years later? The mediating role of work engagement. Work Stress 28:187–105 [Google Scholar]
  3. Allen DG, Peltokorpi V, Rubenstein AL. 2016. When “embedded” means “stuck”: moderating effects of job embeddedness in adverse work environments. J. Appl. Psychol. 101:121670–86 [Google Scholar]
  4. Aron A, Aron EN. 1986. Love and the Expansion of Self: Understanding Attraction and Satisfaction New York: Hemisphere/Harper & Row
  5. Aron A, Aron EN, Norman C. 2001. Self-expansion model of motivation and cognition in close relationships and beyond. Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology: Interpersonal Processes G Fletcher, M Clark 478–501 Malden, MA: Blackwell [Google Scholar]
  6. Aron A, Aron EN, Tudor M, Nelson G. 1991. Close relationships as including other in the self. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 60:2241–53 [Google Scholar]
  7. Aron A, Mashek D, McLaughlin-Volpe T, Wright S, Lewandowski G, Aron EN. 2005. Including close others in the cognitive structure of the self. Interpersonal Cognition MW Baldwin 206–32 New York: Guilford Press [Google Scholar]
  8. Au WC, Ahmed PK. 2016. Relationships between superior support, work role stressors and work-life experience. Pers. Rev. 45:4782–803 [Google Scholar]
  9. Baltes PB. 1997. On the incomplete architecture of human ontogeny: selection, optimization, and compensation as foundation of developmental theory. Am. Psychol. 52:4366–80 [Google Scholar]
  10. Bakker AB, Demerouti E, Sanz-Vergel I. 2014. Burnout and work engagement: the JD-R approach. Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav. 1:389–411 [Google Scholar]
  11. Bakker AB, Demerouti E, Schaufeli WB. 2005. The crossover of burnout and work engagement among working couples. Hum. Relat. 58:5661–89 [Google Scholar]
  12. Bakker A, Emmerik H, Euwema M. 2006. Crossover of burnout and engagement in work teams. Work Occup 33:4464–89 [Google Scholar]
  13. Bakker AB, Westman M, Emmerik H. 2009. Advancement in crossover theory. J. Manag. Psychol. 24:3206–19 [Google Scholar]
  14. Bakker AB, Xanthopoulou D. 2009. The crossover of daily work engagement: test of an actor- partner interdependence model. J. Appl. Psychol. 94:61562–71 [Google Scholar]
  15. Barberia JL. 2015. Spain—A great place to live, a terrible place to work?. El Pais Oct. 20. http://elpais.com/elpais/2014/12/17/inenglish/1418816737_691083.html
  16. Bauman Z. 2000. Liquid Modernity Cambridge, UK: Polity Press
  17. Beehr TA, Bowling NA, Bennett MM. 2010. Occupational stress and failures of social support: when helping hurts. J. Occup. Health Psychol. 15:145–59 [Google Scholar]
  18. Beehr TA, Farmer SJ, Glazer S, Gudanowski DM, Nair VN. 2003. The enigma of social support and occupational stress: source congruence and gender role effects. J. Occup. Health Psychol. 8:3220–31 [Google Scholar]
  19. Bellairs T, Halbesleben JR, Leon MR. 2014. A multilevel model of strategic human resource implications of employee furloughs. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management 32 MR Buckley, JR Halbesleben, AR Wheeler 99–146 Bingley, UK: Emerald Group [Google Scholar]
  20. Bianco T, Eklund RC. 2001. Conceptual considerations for social support research in sport and exercise settings: the case of sport injury. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 23:285–107 [Google Scholar]
  21. Bolger N, DeLongis A, Kessler RC, Wethington E. 1989. The contagion of stress across multiple roles. J. Marriage Fam. 51:1175–83 [Google Scholar]
  22. Bono JE, Glomb TM, Shen W, Kim E, Koch AJ. 2013. Building positive resources: effects of positive events and positive reflection on work stress and health. Acad. Manag. J. 56:61601–27 [Google Scholar]
  23. Breevaart K, Bakker A, Hetland J, Demerouti E, Olsen O, Espevik R. 2014. Daily transactional and transformational leadership and daily employee engagement. J. Occup. Organ. Psychol. 87:1138–57 [Google Scholar]
  24. Butts MM, Casper WJ, Yang TS. 2013. How important are work-family support policies? A meta-analytic investigation of their effects on employee outcomes. J. Appl. Psychol. 98:11–25 [Google Scholar]
  25. Byrne A, Dionisi AM, Barling J, Akers A, Robertson J. et al. 2014. The depleted leader: the influence of leaders' diminished psychological resources on leadership behaviors. Leadersh. Q. 25:2344–57 [Google Scholar]
  26. Chen S, Westman M, Hobfoll SE. 2015. The commerce and crossover of resources: resource conservation in the service of resilience. Stress Health 31:295–105 [Google Scholar]
  27. Chi SCS, Liang SG. 2013. When do subordinates' emotion-regulation strategies matter? Abusive supervision, subordinates' emotional exhaustion, and work withdrawal. Leadersh. Q. 24:1125–37 [Google Scholar]
  28. Clark MA, Rudolph CW, Zhdanova L, Michel JS, Baltes BB. 2015. Organizational support factors and work-family outcomes: exploring gender differences. J. Fam. Issues 1:1–26 [Google Scholar]
  29. Cohen S, Wills TA. 1985. Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychol. Bull. 98:2310–57 [Google Scholar]
  30. De Cuyper N, Mäkikangas A, Kinnunen U, Mauno S, Witte HD. 2012. Cross-lagged associations between perceived external employability, job insecurity, and exhaustion: testing gain and loss spirals according to the conservation of resources theory. J. Organ. Behav. 33:6770–88 [Google Scholar]
  31. De Cuyper N, Schreurs B, Elst TV, Baillien E, de Witte H. 2014. Exemplification and perceived job insecurity: associations with self-rated performance and emotional exhaustion. J. Pers. Psychol. 13:11–10 [Google Scholar]
  32. Debus ME, Unger D. 2017. The interactive effects of dual-earner couples' job insecurity: linking conservation of resources theory with crossover research. J. Occup. Organ. Psychol. 90:2225–47 [Google Scholar]
  33. Deelstra JT, Peeters MC, Schaufeli WB, Stroebe W, Zijlstra FR, van Doornen LP. 2003. Receiving instrumental support at work: when help is not welcome. J. Appl. Psychol. 88:2324–31 [Google Scholar]
  34. Demerouti E, Bakker AB, Bulters AJ. 2004. The loss spiral of work pressure, work-home interference and exhaustion: reciprocal relations in a three-wave study. J. Vocat. Behav. 64:1131–49 [Google Scholar]
  35. Demerouti E, Bakker AB, Halbesleben JR. 2015. Productive and counterproductive job crafting: a daily diary study. J. Occup. Health Psychol. 20:4457–69 [Google Scholar]
  36. Demerouti E, Bakker AB, Leiter M. 2014. Burnout and job performance: the moderating role of selection, optimization, and compensation strategies. J. Occup. Health Psychol. 19:196–107 [Google Scholar]
  37. Demerouti E, Bakker AB, Nachreiner F, Schaufeli WB. 2001. The Job Demands-Resources model of burnout. J. Appl. Psychol. 86:3499–512 [Google Scholar]
  38. Demerouti E, Bakker AB, Schaufeli WB. 2005. Spillover and crossover of exhaustion and life satisfaction among dual-earner parents. J. Vocat. Behav. 67:2266–89 [Google Scholar]
  39. DeWall CN, Baumeister RF, Stillman TF, Gailliot MT. 2007. Violence restrained: effects of self-regulation and its depletion on aggression. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 43:162–76 [Google Scholar]
  40. Donald JN, Atkins PW, Parker PD, Christie AM, Ryan RM. 2016. Daily stress and the benefits of mindfulness: examining the daily and longitudinal relations between present-moment awareness and stress responses. J. Res. Personal. 65:30–37 [Google Scholar]
  41. Elst TV, Näswall K, Bernhard-Oettel C, de Witte H, Sverke M. 2016. The effect of job insecurity on employee health complaints: a within-person analysis of the explanatory role of threats to the manifest and latent benefits of work. J. Occup. Health Psychol. 21:165–76 [Google Scholar]
  42. Ford IW, Gordon S. 1999. Coping with sport injury: resources loss and the role of social support. J. Pers. Interpers. Loss 4:3243–56 [Google Scholar]
  43. Ford MT, Matthews RA, Wooldridge JD, Mishra V, Kakar UM, Strahan SR. 2014. How do occupational stressor-strain effects vary with time? A review and meta-analysis of the relevance of time lags in longitudinal studies. Work Stress 28:19–30 [Google Scholar]
  44. Fredrickson BL. 2001. The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. Am. Psychol. 56:218–26 [Google Scholar]
  45. Freund AM, Baltes PB. 2002. Life-management strategies of selection, optimization, and compensation: measurement by self-report and construct validity. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 82:4642–62 [Google Scholar]
  46. Fritz C, Sonnentag S. 2006. Recovery, well-being, and performance-related outcomes: the role of workload and vacation experiences. J. Appl. Psychol. 91:4936–45 [Google Scholar]
  47. Gao Y, Shi J, Niu Q, Wang L. 2013. Work-family conflict and job satisfaction: emotional intelligence as a moderator. Stress Health 29:3222–28 [Google Scholar]
  48. Gerstner CR, Day D. 1997. Meta-analytic review of leader-member exchange theory: correlates and construct issues. J. Appl. Psychol. 82:6827–44 [Google Scholar]
  49. Goh Z, Ilies R, Wilson KS. 2015. Supportive supervisors improve employees' daily lives: the role supervisors play in the impact of daily workload on life satisfaction via work-family conflict. J. Vocat. Behav. 89:65–73 [Google Scholar]
  50. Goldfarb R, Ben-Zur H. 2017. Resource loss and gain following military reserve duty in Israel: an assessment of conservation of resources (COR) theory. Int. J. Stress Manag. 24:2135–55 [Google Scholar]
  51. Graen GB, Uhl-Bien M. 1995. Relationship-based approach to leadership: development of leader−member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective. Leadersh. Q. 6:2219–47 [Google Scholar]
  52. Grandey A, Foo SC, Groth M, Goodwin RE. 2012. Free to be you and me: A climate of authenticity alleviates burnout from emotional labor. J. Occup. Health Psychol. 17:11–14 [Google Scholar]
  53. Grove JR, Stoll O. 1999. Performance slumps in sports: personal resources and perceived stress. J. Pers. Interpers. Loss 4:3203–14 [Google Scholar]
  54. Guterman D, Lehman-Willenbrocck N, Boer D, Born M, Voel S. 2017. How leaders affect followers' work engagement and performance: integrating leader-member exchange and crossover theory. Br. J. Manag. 28:21–16 [Google Scholar]
  55. Hagger MS. 2015. Conservation of resources theory and the “strength” model of self-control: conceptual overlap and commonalities. Stress Health 31:289–94 [Google Scholar]
  56. Halbesleben JR. 2006. Sources of social support and burnout: a meta-analytic test of the conservation of resources model. J. Appl. Psychol. 91:51134–45 [Google Scholar]
  57. Halbesleben JR. 2010. The role of exhaustion and workarounds in predicting occupational injuries: a cross-lagged panel study of health care professionals. J. Occup. Health Psychol. 15:11–16 [Google Scholar]
  58. Halbesleben JR, Bowler WM. 2007. Emotional exhaustion and job performance: the mediating role of motivation. J. Appl. Psychol. 92:193–106 [Google Scholar]
  59. Halbesleben JR, Harvey J, Bolino MC. 2009. Too engaged? A conservation of resources view of the relationship between work engagement and work interference with family. J. Appl. Psychol. 94:61452–65 [Google Scholar]
  60. Halbesleben JR, Neveu JP, Paustian-Underdahl SC, Westman M. 2014. Getting to the “COR”: understanding the role of resources in conservation of resources theory. J. Manag. 40:51334–64 [Google Scholar]
  61. Halbesleben JR, Wheeler AR. 2011. I owe you one: coworker reciprocity as a moderator of the day-level exhaustion-performance relationship. J. Organ. Behav. 32:4608–26 [Google Scholar]
  62. Halbesleben JR, Wheeler AR. 2015. To invest or not? The role of coworker support and trust in daily reciprocal gain spirals of helping behavior. J. Manag. 41:61628–50 [Google Scholar]
  63. Halbesleben JR, Wheeler AR, Paustian-Underdahl SC. 2013. The impact of furloughs on emotional exhaustion, self-rated performance, and recovery experiences. J. Appl. Psychol. 98:3492–503 [Google Scholar]
  64. Hammer L, Johnson RC, Crain TL, Bodner T, Kossek EE. et al. 2016. Intervention effects on safety compliance and citizenship behaviors. J. Appl. Psychol. 101:2190–208 [Google Scholar]
  65. Harari MD. 2015. “To be on stage means to be alive”: theatre work with undergraduates as a promoter of students' health. Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci. 209:161–66 [Google Scholar]
  66. Heath NM, Hall BJ, Russ EU, Canetti D, Hobfoll SE. 2012. Reciprocal relationships between resource loss and psychological distress following exposure to political violence: an empirical investigation of COR theory's loss spirals. Anxiety Stress Coping 25:6679–95 [Google Scholar]
  67. Hobfoll SE. 1988. The Ecology of Stress Washington, DC: Hemisphere
  68. Hobfoll SE. 1989. Conservation of resources: a new attempt at conceptualizing stress. Am. Psychol. 44:3513–24 [Google Scholar]
  69. Hobfoll SE. 1998. Stress, Culture, and Community: The Psychology and Philosophy of Stress New York: Plenum
  70. Hobfoll SE. 2001. The influence of culture, community, and the nested-self in the stress process: advancing conservation of resources theory. Appl. Psychol.: Int. Rev. 50:3337–70 [Google Scholar]
  71. Hobfoll SE. 2002. Social and psychological resources and adaptation. Rev. Gen. Psychol. 6:4307–24 [Google Scholar]
  72. Hobfoll SE. 2011a. Conservation of resource caravans and engaged settings. J. Occup. Organ. Psychol. 84:116–22 [Google Scholar]
  73. Hobfoll SE. 2011b. Conservation of resources theory: its implication for stress, health, and resilience. The Oxford Handbook of Stress, Health, and Coping S Folkman 127–47 New York: Oxford Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  74. Hobfoll SE. 2012. Conservation of resources and disaster in cultural context: the caravans and passageways for resources. Psychiatry: Interpers. Biol. Process. 75:3227–32 [Google Scholar]
  75. Hobfoll SE, Stevens NR, Zalta AK. 2015. Expanding the science of resilience: conserving resources in the aid of adaptation. Psychol. Inq. 26:2174–80 [Google Scholar]
  76. Hofstede G. 2003. Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
  77. Hofstede G, Hofstede GJ, Minkov M. 2010. Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind New York: McGraw-Hill, 3rd ed..
  78. Höge T, Sora B, Weber WG, Peiró JM, Caballer AM. 2015. Job insecurity, worries about the future, and somatic complaints in two economic and cultural contexts: a study in Spain and Austria. Int. J. Stress Manag. 22:3223–42 [Google Scholar]
  79. Hoppe A, Toker S, Schachler V, Ziegler M. 2017. The effect of change in supervisor support and job control on change in vigor: differential relationships for immigrant and native employees in Israel. J. Organ. Behav. 38:3391–414 [Google Scholar]
  80. Huang J, Wang Y, Wu G, You X. 2016. Crossover of burnout from leaders to followers: a longitudinal study. Eur. J. Work Organ. Psychol. 25:6849–61 [Google Scholar]
  81. Hunter EM, Wu C. 2016. Give me a better break: choosing workday break activities to maximize resource recovery. J. Appl. Psychol. 101:2302–11 [Google Scholar]
  82. Hunter ST, Cushenbery LD, Jayne B. 2017. Why dual leaders will drive innovation: resolving the exploration and exploitation dilemma with a conservation of resources solution. J. Organ. Behav. 38:1183–95 [Google Scholar]
  83. Innstrand ST, Langballe EM, Espnes GA, Falkum E, Aasland OG. 2008. Positive and negative work-family interaction and burnout: a longitudinal study of reciprocal relations. Work Stress 22:11–15 [Google Scholar]
  84. Jansen NWH, Kant I, Kristensen TS, Nijhuis FJN. 2003. Antecedents and consequences of work-family conflict: a prospective cohort study. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 45:5479–91 [Google Scholar]
  85. Janssen O, Lam CK, Huang X. 2010. Emotional exhaustion and job performance: the moderating roles of distributive justice and positive affect. J. Organ. Behav. 31:6787–809 [Google Scholar]
  86. Kalshoven K, Boon CT. 2012. Ethical leadership, employee well-being, and helping. J. Pers. Psychol. 11:160–68 [Google Scholar]
  87. Kammeyer-Mueller JD, Simon LS, Judge TA. 2016. A head start or a step behind? Understanding how dispositional and motivational resources influence emotional exhaustion. J. Manag. 42:3561–81 [Google Scholar]
  88. Kiazad K, Seibert SE, Kraimer ML. 2014. Psychological contract breach and employee innovation: a conservation of resources perspective. J. Occup. Organ. Psychol. 87:3535–56 [Google Scholar]
  89. Kim SD, Hollensbe EC, Schwoerer CE, Halbesleben JR. 2015. Dynamics of a wellness program: a conservation of resources perspective. J. Occup. Health Psychol. 20:162–71 [Google Scholar]
  90. Kroon B, Menting C, van Woerkom M. 2015. Why mindfulness sustains performance: the role of personal and job resources. Ind. Organ. Psychol. 8:4638–42 [Google Scholar]
  91. Krulak CC. 1999. The strategic corporal: leadership in the Three Block War. Mar. Corps Gaz. 83:1 https://www.mca-marines.org/gazette/1999/01/strategic-corporal-leadership-three-block-war [Google Scholar]
  92. Kurtessis JN, Eisenberger R, Ford MT, Buffardi LC, Stewart KA, Adis CS. 2017. Perceived organizational support: a meta-analytic evaluation of organizational support theory. J. Manag. 43:61854–84 [Google Scholar]
  93. Lam CK, Walter F, Huang X. 2017. Supervisors' emotional exhaustion and abusive supervision: the moderating roles of perceived subordinate performance and supervisor self-monitoring. J. Organ. Behav. 38:1151–66 [Google Scholar]
  94. Langballe EM, Innstrand ST, Aasland OG, Falkum E. 2011. The predictive value of individual factors, work-related factors, and work-home interaction on burnout in female and male physicians: a longitudinal study. Stress Health 27:173–87 [Google Scholar]
  95. Lavner JA, Clark MA. 2017. Workload and marital satisfaction over time: testing lagged spillover and crossover effects during the newlywed years. J. Vocat. Behav. 101:67–76 [Google Scholar]
  96. Lazarus RS, Folkman S. 1984. Stress, Appraisal, and Coping New York: Springer
  97. Li Y, Wang Z, Yang LQ, Liu S. 2016. The crossover of psychological distress from leader to subordinates in teams: the role of abusive supervision, psychological capital, and team performance. J. Occup. Health Psychol. 21:2142–53 [Google Scholar]
  98. Lim VKG, Chen D, Aw SS, Tan M. 2016. Unemployed and exhausted: job-search fatigue and reemployment quality. J. Vocat. Behav. 92:68–78 [Google Scholar]
  99. Liu H, Ngo HY, Cheung FM. 2016. Work-family enrichment and marital satisfaction among Chinese couples: a crossover-spillover perspective. Int. J. Stress Manag. 23:2209–31 [Google Scholar]
  100. Mandeville A, Halbesleben J, Whitman M. 2016. Misalignment and misperception in preferences to utilize family-friendly benefits: implications for benefit utilization and work-family conflict. Pers. Psychol. 69:4895–929 [Google Scholar]
  101. Marchand C, Vandenberghe C. 2016. Perceived organizational support, emotional exhaustion, and turnover: the moderating role of negative affectivity. Int. J. Stress Manag. 23:4350–75 [Google Scholar]
  102. Matthews RA, Wayne JH, Ford MT. 2014. A work-family conflict/subjective well-being process model: a test of competing theories of longitudinal effects. J. Appl. Psychol. 99:61173–87 [Google Scholar]
  103. McTernan WP, Dollard MF, Tuckey MR, Vandenberg RJ. 2016. Enhanced co-worker social support in isolated work groups and its mitigating role on the work-family conflict-depression loss spiral. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 13:4382 [Google Scholar]
  104. Morelli NA, Cunningham CJL. 2012. Not all resources are created equal: COR theory, values, and stress. J. Psychol. 146:4393–415 [Google Scholar]
  105. Moreno-Jimenez B, Mayo M, Sanz-Vergel AI, Geurts S, Rodríguez-Muñoz A, Garrosa E. 2009. Effects of work-family conflict on employee's well-being: the moderating role of recovery strategies. J. Occup. Health Psychol. 14:4427–40 [Google Scholar]
  106. Moss SE, Valenzi ER, Taggart W. 2003. Are you hiding from your boss? The development of a taxonomy and instrument to assess the feedback management behaviors of good and bad performers. J. Manag. 29:4487–510 [Google Scholar]
  107. Neff A, Niessen C, Sonnentag S, Unger D. 2013a. Expanding crossover research: the crossover of job-related self-efficacy within couples. Hum. Relat. 66:6803–27 [Google Scholar]
  108. Neff A, Sonnentag S, Niessen C, Unger D. 2012. What's mine is yours: the crossover of day-specific self-esteem. J. Vocat. Behav. 81:3385–94 [Google Scholar]
  109. Neff A, Sonnentag S, Niessen C, Unger D. 2013b. The crossover of self-esteem: a longitudinal perspective. Eur. J. Work Organ. Psychol. 24:2197–210 [Google Scholar]
  110. Neveu JP, Kakavand B. 2016. Motivated for bad: preserving resources through workplace corruption Presented at Annu. Conf. Soc. Ind. Organ. Psychol., 31st Anaheim, CA:
  111. Ng SI, Lee JA, Soutar GN. 2007. Are Hofstede's and Schwartz's value frameworks congruent. ? Int. Mark. Rev. 24:2164–80 [Google Scholar]
  112. Nicolas M, Gaudreau P, Franche V. 2011. Perception of coaching behaviors, coping, and achievement in a sport competition. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 33:3460–68 [Google Scholar]
  113. Niks IM, Gevers JM, De Jonge J, Houtman IL. 2016. The relation between off-job recovery and job resources: person-level differences and day-level dynamics. Eur. J. Work Organ. Psychol. 25:2226–38 [Google Scholar]
  114. Nohe C, Meier LL, Sonntag K, Michel A. 2015. The chicken or the egg? A meta-analysis of panel studies of the relationship between work-family conflict and strain. J. Appl. Psychol. 100:2522–36 [Google Scholar]
  115. Park HI, Lee H. 2015. The effects of recovery-related self-efficacy on occupational health among Korean workers. Int. J. Stress Manag. 22:4372–94 [Google Scholar]
  116. Park HI, O'Rourke E, O'Brien KE. 2014. Extending conservation of resources theory: the interaction between emotional labor and interpersonal influence. Int. J. Stress Manag. 21:4384–405 [Google Scholar]
  117. Reina CS, Rogers KM, Peterson SJ, Byron K, Hom PW. 2017. Quitting the boss? The role of manager influence tactics and employee emotional engagement in voluntary turnover. J. Leadersh. Organ. Stud. In press. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051817709007 [Crossref]
  118. Remlein M, Olszanski R, Siermontowski P, Kobos Z, Buczynski J, Buczynski A. 2015. Stress: an underestimated hazard in water sports. Pol. Hyperb. Res. 53:47–18 [Google Scholar]
  119. Ritter KJ, Matthews RA, Ford MT, Henderson AA. 2016. Understanding role stressors and job satisfaction over time using adaptation theory. J. Appl. Psychol. 101:121655–69 [Google Scholar]
  120. Rodríguez-Muñoz A, Antino M, Sanz-Vergel AI. 2017. Cross-domain consequences of workplace bullying: a multi-source daily diary study. Work Stress In press. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2017.1330782 [Crossref]
  121. Rodríguez-Muñoz A, Sanz-Vergel AI, Demerouti E, Bakker AB. 2012. Reciprocal relationships between job demands, job resources, and recovery opportunities. J. Pers. Psychol. 11:286–94 [Google Scholar]
  122. Rofcanin Y, Las Heras M, Bakker AB. 2017. Family supportive supervisor behaviors and organizational culture: effects on work engagement and performance. J. Occup. Health Psychol. 22:2207–17 [Google Scholar]
  123. Russell E, Woods SA, Banks AP. 2017. Examining conscientiousness as a key resource in resisting email interruptions: implications for volatile resources and goal achievement. J. Occup. Organ. Psychol. 90:3407–35 [Google Scholar]
  124. Sanz-Vergel AI, Demerouti E, Mayo M, Moreno-Jimenez B. 2011. Work-home interaction and psychological strain: the moderating role of sleep quality. Appl. Psychol.: Int. Rev. 60:2210–30 [Google Scholar]
  125. Sanz-Vergel AI, Demerouti E, Moreno-Jimenez B, Mayo M. 2010. Work-family balance and energy: a day-level study on recovery conditions. J. Vocat. Behav. 76:1118–30 [Google Scholar]
  126. Schaufeli WB, Bakker AB. 2004. Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: a multi-sample study. J. Organ. Behav. 25:3293–315 [Google Scholar]
  127. Schmitt A, Den Hartog DN, Belschak FD. 2016. Transformational leadership and proactive work behaviour: a moderated mediation model including work engagement and job strain. J. Occup. Organ. Psychol. 89:3588–610 [Google Scholar]
  128. Schmitt A, Zacher H, Frese M. 2012. The buffering effect of selection, optimization, and compensation strategy use on the relationship between problem solving demands and occupational well-being: a daily diary study. J. Occup. Health Psychol. 17:2139–49 [Google Scholar]
  129. Schwartz SH. 1994. Beyond individualism/collectivism: new cultural dimensions of values. Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Method, and Applications U Kim, HC Triandis, C Kâğitçibaşi, SC Choi, G Yoon 85–119 Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage [Google Scholar]
  130. Seligman MEP, Csikszentmihalyi M. 2000. Positive psychology: an introduction. Am. Psychol. 55:15–14 [Google Scholar]
  131. Sender A, Arnold A, Staffelbach B. 2017. Job security as a threatened resource: reactions to job insecurity in culturally distinct regions. Int. J. Hum. Resour. Manag. 28:172403–29 [Google Scholar]
  132. Shipp AJ, Cole MS. 2015. Time in individual-level organizational studies: What is it, how is it used, and why isn't it exploited more often?. Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav. 2:237–60 [Google Scholar]
  133. Shirom A. 2011. Vigor as a positive affect at work: conceptualizing vigor, its relations with related constructs, and its antecedents and consequences. Rev. Gen. Psychol. 15:130–64 [Google Scholar]
  134. Shteyn M, Schumm JA, Vodopianova N, Hobfoll SE, Lilly R. 2003. The impact of the Russian transition on psychosocial resources and psychological distress. J. Community Psychol. 31:2113–27 [Google Scholar]
  135. Siu OL. 2013. Psychological capital, work well-being, and work-life balance among Chinese employees: a cross-lagged analysis. J. Pers. Psychol. 12:4170–81 [Google Scholar]
  136. Siu OL, Bakker AB, Brough P, Lu C, Wang H. et al. 2015. A three-wave study of antecedents of work-family enrichment: the role of social resources and affect. Stress Health 31:4306–14 [Google Scholar]
  137. Smith W. 2010. Athlete satisfaction and the peak event: adapting the athlete satisfaction questionnaire (ASQ) to a New Zealand setting PhD Thesis Massey Univ. Palmerston North, New Zealand:
  138. Sonnentag S, Fritz C. 2015. Recovery from job stress: the stressor detachment model as an integrative framework. J. Organ. Behav. 36:72–103 [Google Scholar]
  139. Stajkovic AD, Luthans F. 1998. Self-efficacy and work-related performance: a meta-analysis. Psychol. Bull. 124:2240–61 [Google Scholar]
  140. Stucke TS, Baumeister RF. 2006. Ego depletion and aggressive behavior: Is the inhibition of aggression a limited resource. ? Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 36:11–13 [Google Scholar]
  141. Sue DW. 2010. Microaggressions in Everyday Life: Race, Gender, and Sexual Orientation New York: Wiley & Sons
  142. Sun LY, Pan W. 2008. HR practices perceptions, emotional exhaustion, and work outcomes: a conservation-of-resources theory in the Chinese context. Hum. Resour. Dev. Q. 19:155–74 [Google Scholar]
  143. ten Brummelhuis LL, Bakker AB. 2012. A resource perspective on the work-home interface: the work-home resources model. Am. Psychol. 67:7545–56 [Google Scholar]
  144. Tepper BJ, Duffy MK, Henle CA, Lambert LS. 2006. Procedural injustice, victim precipitation, and abusive supervision. Pers. Psychol. 59:1101–23 [Google Scholar]
  145. Tepper BJ, Moss SE, Duffy MK. 2011. Predictors of abusive supervision: supervisor perceptions of deep-level dissimilarity, relationship conflict, and subordinates performance. Acad. Manag. J. 54:2279–94 [Google Scholar]
  146. Toffler A, Toffler H. 2006. Revolutionary Wealth New York: Random House
  147. Toker S, Biron M. 2012. Job burnout and depression: unraveling their temporal relationship and considering the role of physical activity. J. Appl. Psychol. 97:3699–710 [Google Scholar]
  148. Triandis HC. 1995. Individualism and Collectivism: New Directions in Social Psychology Boulder, CO: Westview Press
  149. Trougakos JP, Beal DJ, Cheng BH, Hideg I, Zweig D. 2015. Too drained to help: a resource depletion perspective on daily interpersonal citizenship behaviors. J. Appl. Psychol. 100:1227–36 [Google Scholar]
  150. Trougakos JP, Hideg I, Cheng BH, Beal DJ. 2014. Lunch breaks unpacked: the role of autonomy as a moderator of recovery during lunch. Acad. Manag. J. 57:2405–21 [Google Scholar]
  151. U. N. Dev. Programme. 2014. Human Development Index http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-index-hdi
  152. Ünal-Karagüven MH. 2009. Psychological impact of an economic crisis: a conservation of resources approach. Int. J. Stress Manag. 16:3177–94 [Google Scholar]
  153. Uy M, Lin K, Ilies R. 2017. Is it better to give or receive? The role of help in buffering the depleting effects of surface acting. Acad. Manag. J. 60:41442–61 [Google Scholar]
  154. van den Heuvel M, Demerouti E, Bakker AB, Schaufeli WB. 2013. Adapting to change: the value of change information and meaning-making. J. Vocat. Behav. 83:111–21 [Google Scholar]
  155. van Steenbergen EF, Kluwer ES, Karney BR. 2014. Work-family enrichment, work-family conflict, and marital satisfaction: a dyadic analysis. J. Occup. Health Psychol. 19:2182–94 [Google Scholar]
  156. van Woerkom M, Bakker AB, Nishii LH. 2016. Accumulative job demands and support for strength use: fine-tuning the job demands-resources model using conservation of resources theory. J. Appl. Psychol. 101:1141–50 [Google Scholar]
  157. Vela-Bueno A, Moreno-Jimenez B, Rodríguez-Muñoz A, Olavarrieta-Nernardino S, Mendoza-Fernandez J. et al. 2008. Insomnia and sleep quality among primary care physicians with low and high burnout levels. J. Psychosom. Res. 64:4435–44 [Google Scholar]
  158. Viotti S, Guidetti G, Loera B, Martini M, Sottimano IL, Converso D. 2017. Stress, work ability, and aging work force: a study among women aged 50 and over. Int. J. Stress Manag. 24:Suppl. 198–121 [Google Scholar]
  159. Walter F, Lam CK, Van der Vegt GS, Huang X, Miao Q. 2015. Abusive supervision and subordinate performance: instrumentality considerations in the emergence and consequences of abusive supervision. J. Appl. Psychol. 100:41056–72 [Google Scholar]
  160. Waugh C, Fredrickson B. 2006. Nice to know you: positive emotions, self-other overlap, and complex understanding in a formation of a new relationship. J. Posit. Psychol. 1:293–106 [Google Scholar]
  161. Wayne JH, Casper WJ. 2016. Why having a family-supportive culture, not just policies, matters to male and female job seekers: an examination of work-family conflict, values, and self-interest. Sex Roles 75:9–10459–75 [Google Scholar]
  162. Westman M. 2001. Stress and strain crossover. Hum. Relat. 54:557–91 [Google Scholar]
  163. Westman M, Etzion D, Chen S. 2009. The crossover of exhaustion and vigor between international business travelers and their spouses. J. Manag. Psychol. 24:3269–84 [Google Scholar]
  164. Westman M, Shadach E, Keinan G. 2013. The crossover of positive and negative emotions: the moderating effect of empathy. Int. J. Stress Manag. 20:2116–33 [Google Scholar]
  165. Wheeler AR, Halbesleben JR, Whitman MV. 2013. The interactive effects of abusive supervision and entitlement on emotional exhaustion and coworker abuse. J. Occup. Organ. Psychol. 86:4477–96 [Google Scholar]
  166. Whitman MV, Halbesleben JR, Holmes O. 2014. Abusive supervision and feedback avoidance: the mediating role of emotional exhaustion. J. Organ. Behav. 35:138–53 [Google Scholar]
  167. Wright TA, Cropanzano R. 1998. Emotional exhaustion as a predictor of job performance and voluntary turnover. J. Appl. Psychol. 83:3486–93 [Google Scholar]
  168. Zacher H, Brailsford HA, Parker SL. 2014. Micro-breaks matter: a diary study on the effects of energy management strategies on occupational well-being. J. Vocat. Behav. 85:3287–97 [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104640
Loading
  • Article Type: Review Article
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error