Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Hypochlorous acid as a precursor of free radicals in living systems

  • Review
  • Published:
Biochemistry (Moscow) Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is produced in the human body by the family of mammalian heme peroxidases, mainly by myeloperoxidase, which is secreted by neutrophils and monocytes at sites of inflammation. This review discusses the reactions that occur between HOCl and the major classes of biologically important molecules (amino acids, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and inorganic substances) to form free radicals. The generation of such free radical intermediates by HOCl and other reactive halogen species is accompanied by the development of halogenative stress, which causes a number of socially important diseases, such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, infectious, and other diseases usually associated with inflammatory response and characterized by the appearance of biomarkers of myeloperoxidase and halogenative stress. Investigations aimed at elucidating the mechanisms regulating the activity of enzyme systems that are responsible for the production of reactive halogen species are a crucial step in opening possibilities for control of the development of the body’s inflammatory response.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

DMPO:

5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide

EPO:

eosinophil peroxidase

Hal:

halogen

LOOH:

lipid hydroperoxide

LPO:

lipid peroxidation

MPO:

myeloperoxidase

RHS:

reactive halogen species

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

References

  1. Vladimirov, Iu. A. (1998) Vestnik Ros. Akad. Med. Nauk, No. 7, 43–51.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Morris, J. C. (1966) J. Phys. Chem., 70, 3798–3805.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Panasenko, O. M., and Sergienko, V. I. (2010) Vestnik Ros. Akad. Med. Nauk, No. 1, 27–39.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Edwards, S. W. (1994) Biochemistry and Physiology of the Neutrophil, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge-New York-Melbourn.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Schultz, J., and Kaminker, K. (1962) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 96, 465–467.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Deby-Dupont, G., Deby, C., and Lamy, M. (1999) Intensive Med., 36, 500–513.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Halliwell, B., and Gutteridge, J. M. C. (1999) Free Radical in Biology and Medicine, Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Carlson, M. G., Peterson, C. G., and Venge, P. (1985) J. Immunol., 134, 1875–1879.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Giembycz, M. A., and Lindsay, M. A. (1999) Pharmacol. Rev., 51, 213–340.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Sakamaki, K., Tomonaga, M., Tsukui, K., and Nagata, S. (1989) J. Biol. Chem., 264, 16828–16836.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Furtmüller, P. G., Burner, U., and Obinger, C. (1998) Biochemistry, 37, 17923–17930.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Furtmüller, P. G., Jantschko, W., Zederbauer, M., Jakopitsch, C., Arnhold, J., and Obinger, C. (2004) Jpn. J. Infect. Dis., 57, S30–S31.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Kussendrager, K. D., van Hooijdonk, A. C. (2000) Br. J. Nutr., 84, Suppl. 1, S19–S25.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Ruf, J., and Carayon, P. (2006) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 445, 269–277.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Marquez, L. A., Huang, J. T., and Dunford, H. B. (1994) Biochemistry, 33, 1447–1454.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Kettle, A. J., and Winterbourn, C. C. (1997) Redox Report, 3, 3–15.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Kettle, A. J., Sangster, D. F., Gebicki, J. M., and Winterbourn, C. C. (1988) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 956, 58–62.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Arnhold, J. (2004) Biochemistry (Moscow), 69, 4–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Panasenko, O. M., Arnhold, J., and Sergienko, V. I. (2002) Biol. Membr. (Moscow), 19, 403–434.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Weiss, S. J., Klein, R., Slivka, A., and Wei, M. (1982) J. Clin. Invest., 70, 598–607.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Foote, C. S., Goyne, T. E., and Lehrer, R. I. (1983) Nature, 301, 715–716.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Furtmüller, P. G., Burner, U., Regelsberger, G., and Obinger, C. (2000) Biochemistry, 39, 15578–15584.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Mayanski, A. N., and Mayanski, D. N. (1983) Essays about Neutrophils and Macrophages [in Russian], Nauka, Novosibirsk.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Zemskov, V. M. (1984) Uspekhi Sovrem. Biol., 98, 219–233.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Gorudko, I. V., Cherkalina, O. S., Sokolov, A. V., Pulina, M. O., Zakharova, E. T., Vasil’ev, V. B., Cherenkevich, S. N., and Panasenko, O. M. (2009) Russ. J. Bioorg. Chem., 35, 566–575.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Baldus, S., Heeschen, C., Meinertz, T., Zeiher, A. M., Eiserich, J. P., Munzel, T., Simoons, M. L., and Hamm, C. W. (2003) Circulation, 108, 1440–1445.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Weiss, S. J. (1989) N. Engl. J. Med., 320, 365–376.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Pryor, W. A. (1986) Annu. Rev. Physiol., 48, 657–667.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Long, C. A., and Bielski, B. H. J. (1980) J. Phys. Chem., 84, 555–557.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Candeias, L. P., Stratford, M. R., and Wardman, P. (1994) Free Radic. Res., 20, 241–249.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Kozlov, Yu. A., Moravskii, A. P., Purmal’, A. P., and Shuvalov, V. F. (1981) Zh. Fiz. Khim., 55, 764–766.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Yakutova, E. Sh., Dremina, Ye. S., Yevgina, S. A., Osipov, A. N., Sharov, V. S., Panasenko, O. M., and Vladimirov, Yu. A. (1994) Biophysics, 39, 241–245.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Osipov, A. N., Yakutova, E. Sh., and Vladimirov, Yu. A. (1993) Biofizika, 38, 390–396.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Sychev, A. Ya., and Isak, V. G. (1995) Russ. Chem. Rev., 64, 1105–1129.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Prütz, W. A. (1996) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 332, 110–120.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Kagan, V. E., Orlov, O. N., and Prilipko, L. L. (1986) Advances in Science and Technology, Ser. Biophysics [in Russian], Vol. 18, VINITI, Moscow.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Panasenko, O. M., Briviba, K., Klotz, L.-O., and Sies, H. (1997) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 343, 254–259.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Johnson, D. W., and Margerum, D. W. (1991) Inorg. Chem., 30, 4845–4851.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Eiserich, J. P., Cross, C. E., Jones, A. D., Halliwell, B., and van der Vliet, A. (1996) J. Biol. Chem., 271, 19199–19208.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Byun, J., Mueller, M., Fabjan, J. S., and Heinecke, J. W. (1999) FEBS Lett., 455, 243–246.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Ghibaudi, E., Barker, J. R., and Benson, S. W. (1979) Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 11, 843–851.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Pattison, D. I., and Davies, M. J. (2001) Chem. Res. Toxicol., 14, 1453–1464.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Hawkins, C. L., and Davies, M. J. (1998) J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans., 2, 1937–1945.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Zgliczynski, J. M., Stelmaszynska, T., Domanski, J., and Ostrowski, W. (1971) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 235, 419–424.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Zgliczynski, J. M., Stelmaszynska, T., Ostrowiski, W., Naskalski, J., and Sznajd, J. (1968) Eur. J. Biochem., 4, 540–547.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Clark, R. A., Szot, S., Williams, M. A., and Kagan, H. M. (1986) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 135, 451–457.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Hazell, L. J., van den Berg, J. J., and Stocker, R. (1994) Biochem. J., 302, 297–304.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Hazen, S. L., d’Avignon, A., Anderson, M. A., Hsu, F. F., and Heinecke, J. W. (1998) J. Biol. Chem., 273, 4997–5005.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Hazen, S. L., Hsu, F. F., d’Avignon, A., and Heinecke, J. W. (1998) Biochemistry, 37, 6864–6873.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Hawkins, C. L., and Davies, M. J. (2005) Free Radic. Biol. Med., 39, 900–912.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Hawkins, C. L., and Davies, M. J. (1998) Biochem. J., 332, 617–625.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Hawkins, C. L., and Davies, M. J. (2001) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1504, 196–219.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Davies, J. M., Horwitz, D. A., and Davies, K. J. (1993) Free Radic. Biol. Med., 15, 637–643.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Davies, M. J., and Hawkins, C. L. (2000) Free Rad. Res., 33, 719–729.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Pattison, D. I., Hawkins, C. L., and Davies, M. J. (2007) Biochemistry, 46, 9853–9864.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Thomas, E. L. (1979) Infect. Immun., 23, 522–531.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Hawkins, C. L., Pattison, D. I., and Davies, M. J. (2003) Amino Acids, 25, 259–274.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Baker, R. W. R. (1947) Biochem. J., 41, 337–342.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Drozdz, R., Guevara, I., and Naskalski, J. W. (1995) Clin. Chem. Acta, 236, 155–160.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Sharonov, B. P., Govorova, N. I., and Lyzlova, S. N. (1989) Biochem. Int., 19, 27–35.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Bergt, C., Marsche, G., Panzenboeck, U., Heinecke, J. W., Malle, E., and Sattler, W. (2001) Eur. J. Biochem., 268, 3523–3531.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Hawkins, C. L., and Davies, M. J. (1999) Biochem. J., 340, 539–548.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Matheson, N. R., and Travis, J. (1985) Biochemistry, 24, 1941–1945.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Aruoma, O. I., and Halliwell, B. (1987) Biochem. J., 248, 973–976.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Sharonov, B. P., and Churilova, I. V. (1990) Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 314, 1500–1502.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Sharonov, B. P., and Churilova, I. V. (1992) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 189, 1129–1135.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Mashino, T., and Fridovich, I. (1988) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 953, 63–69.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Vissers, M. C., and Winterbourn, C. C. (1987) Biochem. J., 245, 277–280.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Floris, R., and Wever, R. (1992) Eur. J. Biochem., 207, 697–702.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Stark, J. A., and Henderson, A. R. (1993) Clin. Chem., 39, 986–992.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Terada, L. S., Beehler, C. J., Banerjee, A., Brown, J. M., Grosso, M. A., Harken, A. H., McCord, J. M., and Repine, J. E. (1988) J. Appl. Physiol., 65, 2349–2353.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Albrich, J. M., McCarthy, C. A., and Hurst, J. K. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 78, 210–214.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Hawkins, C. L., and Davies, M. J. (2005) Chem. Res. Toxicol., 18, 1669–1677.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Hawkins, C. L., and Davies, M. J. (2005) Chem. Res. Toxicol., 18, 1600–1610.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Dai, J., Meij, J. T. A., Padua, R., and Panagia, V. (1992) Circ. Res., 71, 970–977.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Kukreja, R. C., Weaver, A. B., and Hess, M. L. (1990) Am. J. Physiol., 259, H1330–H1336.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Matsuoka, T., Kato, M., and Kako, K. J. (1990) Basic. Res. Cardiol., 85, 330–341.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Kukreja, R. C., Weaver, A. B., and Hess, M. L. (1989) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 990, 198–205.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Van Rensburg, C. E., and van Staden, A. M. (1991) Free Radic. Biol. Med., 11, 285–291.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Gorbatenkova, E. A., Naumenko, K. V., and Sergienko, V. I. (1991) in Electrochemical Methods in Medicine (Lopukhin, Yu. M., ed.) Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, pp. 5–6.

  81. Wasil, M., Halliwell, B., Hutchison, D. C., and Baum, H. (1987) Biochem. J., 243, 219–223.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Winterbourn, C. C. (1985) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 840, 204–210.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Bouriche, H., Salavei, P., Lessig, J., and Arnhold, J. (2007) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 459, 137–142.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Chatham, W. W., Blackburn, W. D., Jr., and Heck, L. W. (1992) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 184, 560–567.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Saari, H., Sorsa, T., Lindy, O., Suomalainen, K., Halinen, S., and Konttinen, Y. T. (1992) Int. J. Tissue React., 14, 113–120.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Peppin, G. J., and Weiss, S. J. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 83, 4322–4326.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Michaelis, J., Vissers, M. C., and Winterbourn, C. C. (1992) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 292, 555–562.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Weiss, S. J., Peppin, G., Ortiz, X., Ragsdale, C., and Test, S. T. (1985) Science, 227, 747–749.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Vissers, M. C., and Winterbourn, C. C. (1991) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 285, 53–59.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Prütz, W. A. (1998) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 349, 183–191.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Hawkins, C. L., and Davies, M. J. (2001) Chem. Res. Toxicol., 14, 1071–1081.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Hawkins, C. L., and Davies, M. J. (2002) Chem. Res. Toxicol., 15, 83–92.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Hawkins, C. L., Pattison, D. I., and Davies, M. J. (2002) Biochem. J., 365, 605–615.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Gomez-Mejiba, S. E., Zhai, Z., Gimenez, M. S., Ashby, M. T., Chilakapati, J., Kitchin, K., Mason, R. P., and Ramirez, D. C. (2010) J. Biol. Chem., 285, 20062–20071.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. McGowan, S. E., and Thompson, R. J. (1989) J. Appl. Physiol., 66, 400–409.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. McGowan, S. E. (1990) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 2, 271–279.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Pattison, D. I., and Davies, M. J. (2006) Curr. Med. Chem., 13, 3271–3290.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Rees, M. D., Pattison, D. I., and Davies, M. J. (2005) Biochem. J., 391, 125–134.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Hawkins, C. L., and Davies, M. J. (1998) Free Radic. Biol. Med., 24, 1396–1410.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Rees, M. D., Hawkins, C. L., and Davies, M. J. (2003) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 125, 13719–13733.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Rees, M. D., Hawkins, C. L., and Davies, M. J. (2004) Biochem. J., 381, 175–184.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Rees, M. D., and Davies, M. J. (2006) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128, 3085–3097.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Rychly, J., Syoltes, L., Stankovska, M., Janigova, I., Csomorova, K., Sasinkova, V., Kogan, G., and Gemeiner, P. (2006) Polym. Degrad. Stab., 91, 3174–3184.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Syoltes, L., Kogan, G., Stankovska, M., Mendichi, R., Rychly, J., Schiller, J., and Gemeiner, P. (2007) Biomacromolecules, 8, 2697–2705.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Woods, A. A., and Davies, M. J. (2003) Biochem. J., 376, 219–227.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Heinecke, J. W. (1999) J. Lab. Clin. Med., 133, 321–325.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Baskol, G., Demir, H., Baskol, M., Kilic, E., Ates, F., Karakukcu, C., and Ustdal, M. (2006) Cell Biochem. Funct., 24, 307–311.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Wu, W., Samoszuk, M. K., Comhair, S. A. A., Thomassen, M. J., Farver, C. F., Dweik, R. A., Kavuru, M. S., Erzurum, S. C., and Hazen, S. L. (2000) J. Clin. Invest., 105, 1455–1463.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Andreadis, A. A., Hazen, S. L., Comhair, S. A. A., and Erzurum, S. C. (2003) Free Radic. Biol. Med., 35, 213–225.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Panasenko, O. M., Arnhold, J., Sergienko, V. I., Arnold, K., and Vladimirov, Yu. A. (1996) Membr. Cell Biol., 10, 291–302.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Carr, A. C., Winterbourn, C. C., and van den Berg, J. J. (1996) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 327, 227–233.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Winterbourn, C. C., van den Berg, J. J., Roitman, E., and Kuypers, F. A. (1992) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 296, 547–555.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Arnhold, J., Panasenko, O. M., Schiller, J., Vladimirov, Yu. A., and Arnold, K. (1995) Chem. Phys. Lipids, 78, 55–64.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Panasenko, O. M., Arnhold, J., Vladimirov, Yu. A., Arnold, K., and Sergienko, V. I. (1995) Biophysics, 40, 1249–1257.

    Google Scholar 

  115. Panasenko, O. M., Arnhold, J., Vladimirov, Yu. A., Arnold, K., and Sergienko, V. I. (1997) Free Rad. Res., 27, 1–12.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Arnhold, J., Osipov, A. N., Spalteholz, H., Panasenko, O. M., and Schiller, J. (2001) Free Radic. Biol. Med., 31, 1111–1119.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Panasenko, O. M., Osipov, A. N., Schiller, J., and Arnhold, J. (2002) Biochemistry (Moscow), 67, 889–900.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Pattison, D. I., Hawkins, C. L., and Davies, M. J. (2003) Chem. Res. Toxicol., 16, 439–449.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Prütz, W. A. (1998) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 357, 265–273.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Spalteholz, H., Wenske, K., and Arnhold, J. (2005) BioFactors, 24, 67–76.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Chekanov, A. V., Osipov, A. N., Vladimirov, Yu. A., Sergienko, V. I., and Panasenko, O. M. (2007) Biophysics, 52, 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  122. Panasenko, O. M., Arnhold, J., Schiller, J., Arnold, K., and Sergienko, V. I. (1994) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1215, 259–266.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Panasenko, O. M., and Arnhold, J. (1996) Membr. Cell Biol., 10, 93–104.

    Google Scholar 

  124. Skaff, O., Pattison, D. I., and Davies, M. J. (2007) Chem. Res. Toxicol., 20, 1980–1988.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Panasenko, O. M., Spalteholz, H., Schiller, J., and Arnhold, J. (2006) Biochemistry (Moscow), 71, 571–580.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Stelmaszynska, T., Kukovetz, E., Egger, G., and Schaur, R. J. (1992) Int. J. Biochem., 24, 121–128.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Panasenko, O. M., Arnhold, J., Arnold, K., Vladimirov, Yu. A., and Sergienko, V. I. (1996) Biophysics, 41, 321–328.

    Google Scholar 

  128. Panasenko, O. M. (1997) BioFactors, 6, 181–190.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Noguchi, N., Nakada, A., Itoh, Y., Watanabe, A., and Niki, E. (2002) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 397, 440–447.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Kawai, Y., Kiyokawa, H., Kimura, Y., Kato, Y., Tsuchiya, K., and Terao, J. (2006) Biochemistry, 45, 14201–14211.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. Evgina, S. A., Panasenko, O. M., Sergienko, V. I., and Vladimirov, Yu. A. (1992) Biol. Membr., 6, 1247–1254.

    Google Scholar 

  132. Panasenko, O. M., Evgina, S. A., Aidyraliev, R. K., Sergienko, V. I., and Vladimirov, Yu. A. (1994) Free Radic. Biol. Med., 16, 143–148.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  133. Panasenko, O. M., Evgina, S. A., Driomina, E. S., Sharov, V. S., Sergienko, V. I., and Vladimirov, Yu. A. (1995) Free Radic. Biol. Med., 19, 133–140.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Panasenko, O. M., and Arnhold, J. (1999) Free Rad. Res., 30, 479–487.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Panasenko, O. M., Evgina, S. A., and Sergienko, V. I. (1993) Bull. Exper. Biol. Med., 115, 373–375.

    Google Scholar 

  136. Panasenko, O. M., Panasenko, O. O., Briviba, K., and Sies, H. (1997) Biochemistry (Moscow), 62, 1140–1145.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Arnhold, J., Müller, S., Arnold, K., and Grimm, E. (1991) J. Biolumin. Chemilumin., 6, 189–192.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. Held, A. M., Halko, D. J., and Hurst, J. K. (1978) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 100, 5732–5740.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Folkes, L. K., Candeias, L. P., and Wardman, P. (1995) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 323, 120–126.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  140. Candeias, L. P., Patel, K. B., Stratford, M. R., and Wardman, P. (1993) FEBS Lett., 333, 151–153.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  141. Osipov, A. N., Panasenko, O. M., Chekanov, A. V., and Arnhold, J. (2002) Free Rad. Res., 36, 749–754.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Panasenko, O. M., Osipov, A. N., Chekanov, A. V., Arnhold, J., and Sergienko, V. I. (2002) Biochemistry (Moscow), 67, 880–888.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Chekanov, A. V., Panasenko, O. M., Osipov, A. N., Arnhold, J., Kazarinov, K. D., Vladimirov, Yu. A., and Sergienko, V. I. (2002) Biophysics, 47, 731–737.

    Google Scholar 

  144. Chekanov, A. V., Panasenko, O. M., Osipov, A. N., Matveeva, N. S., Kazarinov, K. D., Vladimirov, Yu. A., and Sergienko, V. I. (2005) Biophysics, 50, 8–14.

    Google Scholar 

  145. Panasenko, O. M., Chekanov, A. V., Arnhold, J., Sergienko, V. I., Osipov, A. N., and Vladimirov, Yu. A. (2005) Biochemistry (Moscow), 70, 998–1004.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Chekanov, A. V., Osipov, A. N., Vladimirov, Yu. A., Sergienko, V. I., and Panasenko, O. M. (2006) Biol. Membr., 23, 426–432.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Miyamoto, S., Martinez, G. R., Rettori, D., Augusto, O., Medeiros, M. H. G., and Di Mascio, P. (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103, 293–298.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  148. Arnhold, J., Panasenko, O. M., Schiller, J., Arnold, K., Vladimirov, Yu. A., and Sergienko, V. I. (1996) Z. Naturforsch., 51c, 386–394.

    Google Scholar 

  149. Panasenko, O. M., Arnhold, J., and Schiller, J. (1997) Biochemistry (Moscow), 62, 951–959.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Rice-Evans, C., Leake, D., Bruckdorfer, K. R., and Diplock, A. T. (1996) Free Rad. Res., 25, 285–311.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Hazell, L. J., Davies, M. J., and Stocker, R. (1999) Biochem. J., 339, 489–495.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  152. Girotti, A. W. (1998) J. Lipid Res., 39, 1529–1542.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  153. Freeman, B. A., Sharman, M. C., and Mudd, L. (1979) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 197, 264–272.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  154. Nelson, M. J., and Seitz, S. P. (1994) Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol., 4, 878–884.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  155. Kuhn, H., Chaitidis, P., Roffeis, J., and Walther, M. (2007) J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 50, 609–620.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  156. Sergienko, V. I., Panasenko, O. M., and Murina, M. A. (1999) Efferent. Terap., 5, 8–17.

    Google Scholar 

  157. Heinecke, J. W., Li, W., Mueller, D. M., Bohrer, A., and Turk, J. (1994) Biochemistry, 33, 10127–10136.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  158. Carr, A. C., Winterbourn, C. C., Blunt, J. W., Philipps, A. J., and Abell, A. D. (1997) Lipids, 32, 363–367.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  159. Hazen, S. L., Hsu, F. F., Duffin, K., and Heinecke, J. W. (1996) J. Biol. Chem., 271, 23080–23088.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  160. Carr, A. C., van den Berg, J. J., and Winterbourn, C. C. (1996) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 332, 63–69.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  161. Van den Berg, J. J., Winterbourn, C. C., and Kuypers, F. A. (1993) J. Lipid Res., 34, 2005–2012.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  162. Iuliano, L. (2011) Chem. Phys. Lipids, 164, 457–468.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  163. Panasenko, O. M., Vakhrusheva, T., Tretyakov, V., Spalteholz, H., and Arnhold, J. (2007) Chem. Phys. Lipids, 149, 40–51.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  164. Arnhold, J., Osipov, A. N., Spalteholz, H., Panasenko, O. M., and Schiller, J. (2002) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1572, 91–100.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  165. Carr, A. C., van den Berg, J. J., and Winterbourn, C. C. (1998) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1392, 254–264.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  166. Richter, G., Schober, C., Süβ, R., Fuchs, B., Birkemeyer, C., and Schiller, J. (2008) Anal. Biochem., 376, 157–159.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  167. Kulinsky, V. I. (1999) Soros. Obrazovat. Zh., No. 1, 2–7.

    Google Scholar 

  168. Vladimirov, Yu. A. (2002) Biol. Membr., 19, 356–377.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Malle, E., Marsche, G., Arnhold, J., and Davies, M. J. (2006) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1761, 392–415.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  170. Klebanoff, S. J. (2005) J. Leukoc. Biol., 77, 598–625.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  171. Winterbourn, C. C., Vissers, M. C. M., and Kettle, A. J. (2000) Curr. Opin. Hematol., 7, 53–58.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  172. Hoy, A., Leininger-Muller, B., Kutter, D., Siest, G., and Visvikis, S. (2002) Clin. Chem. Lab. Med., 40, 2–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  173. Selye, H. (1957) The Stress of Life, McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  174. Kolomiets, A. F. (1991) Russ. Chem. Rev., 60, 256–260.

    Google Scholar 

  175. Fedorov, L. A. (1993) Dioxins as an Environmental Hazard: Retrospect and Prospect [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow.

    Google Scholar 

  176. Sugiyama, S., Okada, Y., Sukhova, G. K., Virmani, R., Heinecke, J. W., and Libby, P. (2001) Am. J. Pathol., 158, 879–891.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  177. Daugherty, A., Dunn, J. L., Rateri, D. L., and Heinecke, J. W. (1994) J. Clin. Invest., 94, 437–444.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  178. Hazen, S. L., and Heinecke, J. W. (1997) J. Clin. Invest., 99, 2075–2081.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  179. Hazen, S. L., Crowley, J. R., Mueller, D. M., and Heinecke, J. W. (1997) Free Radic. Biol. Med., 23, 909–916.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  180. Pennathur, S., Bergt, C., Shao, B., Byun, J., Kassim, S. Y., Singh, P., Green, P. S., McDonald, T. O., Brunzell, J., Chait, A., Oram, J. F., O’Brien, K., Geary, R. L., and Heinecke, J. W. (2004) J. Biol. Chem., 279, 42977–42983.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  181. Shao, B., Pennathur, S., and Heinecke, J. W. (2012) J. Biol. Chem., 287, 6375–6386.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  182. Hazell, L. J., Arnold, L., Flowers, D., Waeg, G., Malle, E., and Stocker, R. (1996) J. Clin. Invest., 97, 1535–1544.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  183. Hazell, L. J., Baernthaler, G., and Stocker, R. (2001) Free Radic. Biol. Med., 31, 1254–1262.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  184. Thukkani, A. K., McHowat, J., Hsu, F. F., Brennan, M. L., Hazen, S. L., and Ford, D. A. (2003) Circulation, 108, 3128–3133.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  185. Messner, M. C., Albert, C. J., McHowat, J., and Ford, D. A. (2008) Lipids, 43, 243–249.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  186. Takeshita, J., Byun, J., Nhan, T. Q., Pritchard, D. K., Pennathur, S., Schwartz, S. M., Chait, A., and Heinecke, J. W. (2006) J. Biol. Chem., 281, 3096–3104.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  187. Zhang, R., Brennan, M. L., Fu, X., Aviles, R. J., Pearce, G. L., Penn, M. S., Topol, E. J., Sprecher, D. L., and Hazen, S. L. (2001) JAMA, 286, 2136–2142.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  188. Roman, R. M., Camargo, P. V., Borges, F. K., Rossini, A. P., and Polanczyk, C. A. (2010) Coron. Artery Dis., 21, 129–136.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  189. Wainstein, R. V., Wainstein, M. V., Ribeiro, J. P., Dornelles, L. V., Tozzati, P., Ashton-Prolla, P., Ewald, I. P., Vietta, G., and Polanczyk, C. A. (2010) Clin. Biochem., 43, 57–62.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  190. Cojocaru, I. M., Cojocaru, M., Iliescu, I., Botnaru, L., Gurban, C. V., Sfrijan, F., and Tanasescu, R. (2010) Rom. J. Int. Med., 48, 101–104.

    Google Scholar 

  191. Tang, W. H., Wu, Y., Nicholls, S. J., and Hazen, S. L. (2011) Clin. Chem., 57, 33–39.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  192. Karakas, M., Koenig, W., Zierer, A., Herder, C., Rottbauer, W., Baumert, J., Meisinger, C., and Thorand, B. (2012) J. Int. Med., 271, 43–50.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. Zheng, L., Nukuna, B., Brennan, M. L., Sun, M., Goormastic, M., Settle, M., Schmitt, D., Fu, X., Thomson, L., Fox, P. L., Ischiropoulos, H., Smith, J. D., Kinter, M., and Hazen, S. L. (2004) J. Clin. Invest., 114, 529–541.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  194. Cheng, M. L., Chen, C. M., Gu, P. W., Ho, H. Y., and Chiu, D. T. (2008) Clin. Biochem., 41, 554–560.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  195. Rudolph, V., Andrie, R. P., Rudolph, T. K., Friedrichs, K., Klinke, A., Hirsch-Hoffmann, B., Schwoerer, A. P., Lau, D., Fu, X., Klingel, K., Sydow, K., Didie, M., Seniuk, A., von Leitner, E. C., Szoecs, K., Schrickel, J. W., Treede, H., Wenzel, U., Lewalter, T., Nickenig, G., Zimmermann, W. H., Meinertz, T., Boger, R. H., Reichenspurner, H., Freeman, B. A., Eschenhagen, T., Ehmke, H., Hazen, S. L., Willems, S., and Baldus, S. (2010) Nat. Med., 16, 470–474.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  196. Higashi, N., Mita, H., Taniguchi, M., Turikisawa, N., Higashi, A., Ozawa, Y., Tohma, S., Arimura, K., and Akiyama, K. (2004) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 114, 1353–1358.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  197. Wu, S. M., and Pizzo, S. V. (2001) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 391, 119–126.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  198. Stamp, L. K., Khalilova, I., Tarr, J. M., Senthilmohan, R., Turner, R., Haigh, R. C., Winyard, P. G., and Kettle, A. J. (2012) Rheumatology (Oxford), 51, 1796–1803.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. Schiller, J., Arnhold, J., Sonntag, K., and Arnold, K. (1996) Magn. Reson. Med., 35, 848–853.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  200. Steinbeck, M. J., Nesti, L. J., Sharkey, P. F., and Parvizi, J. (2007) J. Orthop. Res., 25, 1128–1135.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  201. Mita, H., Higashi, N., Taniguchi, M., Higashi, A., Kawagishi, Y., and Akiyama, K. (2004) Clin. Exp. Allergy, 34, 931–938.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  202. MacPherson, J. C., Comhair, S. A., Erzurum, S. C., Klein, D. F., Lipscomb, M. F., Kavuru, M. S., Samoszuk, M. K., and Hazen, S. L. (2001) J. Immunol., 166, 5763–5772.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  203. O’Donnell, C., Newbold, P., White, P., Thong, B., Stone, H., and Stockley, R. A. (2010) COPD, 7, 411–417.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  204. Buss, I. H., Senthilmohan, R., Darlow, B. A., Mogridge, N., Kettle, A. J., and Winterbourn, C. C. (2003) Pediatr. Res., 53, 455–462.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  205. Harwood, D. T., Darlow, B. A., Cheah, F. C., McNeill, N., Graham, P., and Winterbourn, C. C. (2011) Pediatr. Res., 69, 28–33.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  206. Lamb, N. J., Gutteridge, J. M., Baker, C., Evans, T. W., and Quinlan, G. J. (1999) Crit. Care Med., 27, 1738–1744.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  207. Lamb, N. J., Quinlan, G. J., Westerman, S. T., Gutteridge, J. M., and Evans, T. W. (1999) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 160, 1031–1034.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  208. Van Der Vliet, A., Nguyen, M. N., Shigenaga, M. K., Eiserich, J. P., Marelich, G. P., and Cross, C. E. (2000) Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol., 279, L537–L546.

    Google Scholar 

  209. Saude, E. J., Lacy, P., Musat-Marcu, S., Mayes, D. C., Bagu, J., Man, S. F., Sykes, B. D., and Moqbel, R. (2004) Magn. Reson. Med., 52, 807–814.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  210. Thomson, E., Brennan, S., Senthilmohan, R., Gangell, C. L., Chapman, A. L., Sly, P. D., Kettle, A. J., Balding, E., Berry, L. J., Carlin, J. B., Carzino, R., de Klerk, N., Douglas, T., Foo, C., Garratt, L. W., Hall, G. L., Harrison, J., Kicic, A., Laing, I. A., Logie, K. M., Massie, J., Mott, L. S., Murray, C., Parsons, F., Pillarisetti, N., Poreddy, S. R., Ranganathan, S. C., Robertson, C. F., Robins-Browne, R., Robinson, P. J., Skoric, B., Stick, S. M., Sutanto, E. N., and Williamson, E. (2010) Free Radic. Biol. Med., 49, 1354–1360.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  211. Harwood, D. T., Kettle, A. J., Brennan, S., and Winterbourn, C. C. (2009) J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 877, 3393–3399.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  212. Himmelfarb, J., McMenamin, M. E., Loseto, G., and Heinecke, J. W. (2001) Free Radic. Biol. Med., 31, 1163–1169.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  213. Malle, E., Woenckhaus, C., Waeg, G., Esterbauer, H., Grone, E. F., and Grone, H.-J. (1997) Am. J. Pathol., 150, 603–615.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  214. Paquet, P., De Groote, D., and Pierard, G. E. (2010) Dermatology, 220, 201–207.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  215. Maki, R. A., Tyurin, V. A., Lyon, R. C., Hamilton, R. L., DeKosky, S. T., Kagan, V. E., and Reynolds, W. F. (2009) J. Biol. Chem., 284, 3158–3169.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  216. Green, P. S., Mendez, A. J., Jacob, J. S., Crowley, J. R., Growdon, W., Hyman, B. T., and Heinecke, J. W. (2004) J. Neurochem., 90, 724–733.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  217. Nagra, R. M., Becher, B., Tourtellotte, W. W., Antel, J. P., Gold, D., Paladino, T., Smith, R. A., Nelson, J. R., and Reynolds, W. F. (1997) J. Neuroimmunol., 78, 97–107.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  218. Sánchez-López, F., Tasset, I., Agüera, E., Feijóo, M., Fernández-Bolaños, R., Sánchez, F. M., Ruiz, M. C., Cruz, A. H., Gascón, F., and Túnez, I. (2012) Neurol. Res., 34, 721–724.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  219. Choi, D. K., Pennathur, S., Perier, C., Tieu, K., Teismann, P., Wu, D. C., Jackson-Lewis, V., Vila, M., Vonsattel, J. P., Heinecke, J. W., and Przedborski, S. (2005) J. Neurosci., 25, 6594–6600.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  220. Henderson, J. P., Byun, J., Takeshita, J., and Heinecke, J. W. (2003) J. Biol. Chem., 278, 23522–23528.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  221. Borato, D. C., Parabocz, G. C., Ribas, S. R., Kalva-Filho, C. A., Borba, L. M., Ito, C. A., Bail, L., Dos Santos, F. A., and Vellosa, J. C. (2012) Metabolism, 61, 1353–1360.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  222. Kothari, N., Keshari, R. S., Bogra, J., Kohli, M., Abbas, H., Malik, A., Dikshit, M., and Barthwal, M. K. (2011) J. Crit. Care, 26, 435.e1–435.e7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  223. Masoodi, I., Kochhar, R., Dutta, U., Vaishnavi, C., Prasad, K. K., Vaiphei, K., Kaur, S., and Singh, K. (2009) J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 24, 1768–1774.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  224. Masoodi, I., Kochhar, R., Dutta, U., Vaishnavi, C., Prasad, K. K., Vaiphei, K., Hussain, S., and Singh, K. (2012) Dig. Dis. Sci., 57, 1336–1340.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  225. Do Carmo, R. F., de Almeida, D. B., Aroucha, D. C., Vasconcelos, L. R., de Moraes, A. C., de Mendonço Cavalcanti Mdo, S., de Morais, C. N., Pereira, L. M., and Moura, P. (2012) Hum. Immunol., 73, 1127–1131.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  226. Chalkias, A., Nikotian, G., Koutsovasilis, A., Bramis, J., Manouras, A., Mystrioti, D., and Katergiannakis, V. (2011) Am. J. Clin. Oncol., 34, 561–566.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  227. Roncucci, L., Mora, E., Mariani, F., Bursi, S., Pezzi, A., Rossi, G., Pedroni, M., Luppi, D., Santoro, L., Monni, S., Manenti, A., Bertani, A., Merighi, A., Benatti, P., Di Gregorio, C., and de Leon, P. M. (2008) Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 17, 2291–2297.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  228. Fletcher, N. M., Jiang, Z., Ali-Fehmi, R., Levin, N. K., Belotte, J., Tainsky, M. A., Diamond, M. P., Abu-Soud, H. M., and Saed, G. M. (2011–2012) Cancer Biomark., 10, 267–275.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  229. Song, M., and Santanam, N. (2001) Antioxid. Redox Signal., 3, 1139–1146.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  230. Chen, L. Q., Rohatgi, A., Ayers, C. R., Das, S. R., Khera, A., Berry, J. D., McGuire, D. K., and de Lemos, J. A. (2011) Atherosclerosis, 219, 833–838.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  231. Sokolov, A. V., Ageeva, K. V., Cherkalina, O. S., Pulina, M. O., Zakharova, E. T., Prozorovskii, V. N., Aksenov, D. V., Vasilyev, V. B., and Panasenko, O. M. (2010) Chem. Phys. Lipids, 163, 347–355.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  232. Sokolov, A. V., Chekanov, A. V., Kostevich, V. A., Aksenov, D. V., Vasilyev, V. B., and Panasenko, O. M. (2011) Chem. Phys. Lipids, 164, 49–53.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  233. Panasenko, O. M., Melnichenko, A. A., Aksenov, D. V., Vakhrusheva, T. V., Suprun, I. V., Yanushevskaya, E. V., Vlasik, T. N., Sobenin, I. A., and Orekhov, A. N. (2004) Biol. Membr., 21, 498–505.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  234. Pattison, D. I., and Davies, M. J. (2004) Biochemistry, 43, 4799–4809.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  235. Yap, Y. W., Whiteman, M., and Cheung, N. S. (2007) Cell Signal., 19, 219–228.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  236. Kaur, H., and Halliwell, B. (1990) Chem. Biol. Interact., 73, 235–247.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  237. Becker, B. F. (1993) Free Radic. Biol. Med., 14, 615–631.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  238. Panasenko, O. M., Arnhold, J., Arnold, K., Sergienko, V. I., and Vladimirov, Yu. A. (1995) Membr. Cell Biol., 9, 299–308.

    Google Scholar 

  239. Porta, C., Larghi, P., Rimoldi, M., Totaro, M. G., Allavena, P., Mantovani, A., and Sica, A. (2009) Immunobiology, 214, 761–777.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  240. Panasenko, O. M., Gorudko, I. V., Kovaleva, A. M., Gusev, S. A., Sergienko, V. I., and Matishev, D. G. (2010) Vestnik Yuzhnogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN, 6, No. 3, 73–90.

    Google Scholar 

  241. Davies, M. J., Hawkins, C. L., Pattison, D. I., and Rees, M. D. (2008) Antioxid. Redox Signal., 10, 1199–1234.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  242. Spickett, C. M., Jerlich, A., Panasenko, O. M., Arnhold, J., Pitt, A. R., Stelmaszynska, T., and Schaur, R. J. (2000) Acta Biochim. Pol., 47, 889–899.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  243. Panasenko, O. M., Vol’nova, T. V., Osipov, A. N., Azizova, O. A., and Vladimirov, Yu. A. (1991) Biomed. Sci., 2, 581–589.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  244. Vladimirov, Yu. A., and Archakov, A. I. (1972) Lipid Peroxidation in Biological Membranes [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow.

    Google Scholar 

  245. Sokolov, A. V., Ageeva, K. V., Pulina, M. O., Cherkalina, O. S., Samygina, V. R., Vlasova, I. I., Panasenko, O. M., Zakharova, E. T., and Vasilyev, V. B. (2008) Free Rad. Res., 42, 989–998.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  246. Panasenko, O. M., Chekanov, A. V., Vlasova, I. I., Sokolov, A. V., Ageeva, K. V., Pulina, M. O., Cherkalina, O. S., and Vasil’ev, V. B. (2008) Biophysics, 53, 268–272.

    Google Scholar 

  247. Galijasevic, S., Abdulhamid, I., and Abu-Soud, H. M. (2008) Free Radic. Biol. Med., 44, 1570–1577.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  248. Vlasova, I. I., Sokolov, A. V., and Arnhold, J. (2012) J. Inorg. Biochem., 106, 76–83.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  249. Galijasevic, S., Saed, G. M., Hazen, S. L., and Abu-Soud, H. M. (2006) Biochemistry, 45, 1255–1262.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  250. Kettle, A. J., Anderson, R. F., Hampton, M. B., and Winterbourn, C. C. (2007) Biochemistry, 46, 4888–4897.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  251. Vlasova, I. I., Arnhold, J., Osipov, A. N., and Panasenko, O. M. (2006) Biochemistry (Moscow), 71, 667–677.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya str. 1a, 119435, Moscow, Russia

    O. M. Panasenko & A. V. Sokolov

  2. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova str. 1, 117997, Moscow, Russia

    O. M. Panasenko

  3. Department of Biophysics, Belarusian State University, Nezavisimosti Avenue 4, 220050, Minsk, Belarus

    I. V. Gorudko

  4. Institute of Experimental Medicine, North West Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Akademika Pavlova str. 12, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia

    A. V. Sokolov

Authors
  1. O. M. Panasenko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. I. V. Gorudko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. V. Sokolov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to O. M. Panasenko.

Additional information

Published in Russian in Uspekhi Biologicheskoi Khimii, 2013, Vol. 53, pp. 195–244.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Panasenko, O.M., Gorudko, I.V. & Sokolov, A.V. Hypochlorous acid as a precursor of free radicals in living systems. Biochemistry Moscow 78, 1466–1489 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297913130075

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297913130075

Key words

Search

Navigation