Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Preadolescent Conduct Problems in Girls and Boys
Section snippets
Participants.
The survey was funded by the British Department of Health and carried out by the Office for National Statistics; full details of the design and measures are available elsewhere (Ford et al., 2003; Meltzer et al., 2000). Briefly, the Child Benefit Register was used as a sampling frame to identify children ages 5-15 in England, Scotland, and Wales; because Child Benefit is a universal state benefit, this register provides a relatively complete basis for sampling the child population in the United
Prevalence and Comorbidity.
Table 1 shows the prevalence of DSM-IV CD, ODD, and DBD NOS in 5- to 10-year-old girls and boys in B-CAMHS99. Rates of DSM-IV CD and ODD were broadly in line with those reported in previous studies. ODD was more common than CD in this preadolescent age group, and all of the CD/ODD categories were diagnosed at least twice as frequently in boys as they were in girls. There were no significant age variations in the prevalence of any of the selected disorders in either boys or girls (full details
Sex Differences in Correlates of DBDs
To explore correlates of sex differences in DBDs, we followed the three-step strategy suggested by Rutter et al. (2003), testing first for sex differences in exposure to known risks, next for sex differences in sensitivity to risk, and finally the extent to which variations in either of these processes could account for observed sex differences in rates of DBDS.
In terms of exposure, the findings differed consistently between social and familial risks on the one hand and individual child
REFERENCES (28)
- et al.
Childhood behavioral profiles leading to adolescent conduct disorder: risk trajectories for boys and girls
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(2002) - et al.
The British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey 1999: the prevalence of DSM-IV disorders
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(2003) Psychometric properties of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(2001)- et al.
Oppositional defiant and conduct disorder: a review of the past 10 years, part I
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(2000) - et al.
Do the risk factors associated with conduct problems in adolescence vary according to gender?
J Adolesc
(2002) - et al.
Emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence: national panel results from three countries
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(2002) - et al.
DSM-III-R and DSM-III criteria for conduct disorder in preadolescent girls: specific but insensitive
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(1996) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(1994)ACORN User Guide. (CACI Limited)
- et al.
Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence
Arch Gen Psychiatry
(2003)
The development of impulsivity, fearfulness and helpfulness during childhood: patterns of consistency and change in the trajectories of boys and girls
J Child Psychol Psychiatry
The development of psychopathology in females and males: current progress and future challenges
Dev Psychopathol
The British Ability Scales-2nd Edition: Administration and Scoring Manual
The User's Guide to the General Health Questionnaire
Cited by (45)
The Importance of Assessing Impairment Associated With Limited Prosocial Emotions
2021, Behavior TherapyMental health and care needs of British children and young people aged 6–17
2021, Children and Youth Services ReviewCitation Excerpt :There was a gendered pattern to this finding: at 11 years, boys showed greater externalising than internalising problems. Messer, Goodman, and Rowe (2006) also found a gendered pattern to conduct problems, with boys who were subthreshold for conduct disorders being more likely than girls to go on to develop disruptive behavioral disorders. The presence of younger siblings was also found to increase conduct problems at ages 5 and 11 years in the MCS (Fitzsimons et al., 2017).
Mortality in individuals with disruptive behavior disorders diagnosed by specialist services – A nationwide cohort study
2017, Psychiatry ResearchCitation Excerpt :There are plausible reasons for these disorders to have an increased associated mortality. DBDs are associated with a greater risk of substance abuse (Messer et al., 2006), comorbid depression and anxiety disorders (Copeland et al., 2009; Erskine et al., 2016), comorbid schizophreniform psychosis (Maibing et al., 2015), psychiatric in-patient admissions (Dalsgaard et al., 2002), engagement in acts of aggression, violence, and risk taking (Nada-Raja et al., 1997), and criminal convictions (Dalsgaard et al., 2013). These health and psychosocial problems are also likely to contribute to an increased risk of accidental deaths or suicide (von Stumm et al., 2011).
Long-Term Outcomes of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Conduct Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
2016, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryPrevalence of DSM-IV disorder in a representative, healthy birth cohort at school entry: Sociodemographic risks and social adaptation
2010, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryA Swedish national twin study of criminal behavior and its violent, white-collar and property subtypes
2015, Psychological Medicine
This article was supported by Medical Research Council Programme Grant G9901475 to Dr. Maughan. The original data collection was funded by the British Department of Health.
Disclosure: The authors have no financial relationships to disclose.