Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
RESEARCH UPDATE REVIEW10-Year Research Update Review: The Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders: II. Developmental Epidemiology
Section snippets
FROM DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY TO DEVELOPMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
To understand how the epidemiological study of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders has changed in the past decade, we need to go back in history to the 1980s and examine the integration of child psychiatric and normative developmental research that created a new discipline: developmental psychopathology.
The relationship between child and adolescent psychiatry and developmental psychology has waxed and waned during the past century. In its earliest decades, child and adolescent psychiatry
RECENT RESEARCH ON PREVALENCE, ONSET, AND COMORBIDITY
There are two important measures of disorder in the population: prevalence, the proportion of the population with a disorder, and incidence, the rate at which new cases arise. Changes in the prevalence of a disorder over time can provide clues about etiology. We briefly review some recent findings from studies of both children and adults and then discuss two cases in which the possibility of recent increases in prevalence has caused a public furor: autism and early-onset depression. Then we
EARLY RISK FOR PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
Developmental science has expanded our understanding of risk and protective factors so dramatically in the past decade that it is beyond the scope of this review to cover the whole area. Instead, we focus on two topics of particular interest for child and adolescent psychiatry: the interrelationship between medical and psychiatric risk factors and outcomes and the causal role of vaccines in autism and PDD.
AREAS OF FUTURE GROWTH IN DEVELOPMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
It would be agreeable to think that the tasks involved in monitoring the prevalence and burden of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders-the “public health” duties of epidemiology-would in the next decade be taken over by the agencies tasked to carry out surveillance studies of disease, above all the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Then the research funding available from the National Institutes of Health could be used, as intended, for scientific, etiological research rather
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TREATMENT AND PREVENTION
In summary, developmental epidemiology has made considerable progress in the past decade as both a descriptive and an analytic science. Descriptively, it has shown that there are clear timing patterns in the onset of different psychiatric disorders, that the onset of one disorder affects the timing of others, and that individual development intertwines with the development of the disease process. Analytically, it has begun to make use of new techniques to move beyond what epidemiologists Mervin
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Work on this article was supported in part by grants 06937, 01002, and 01167 from the National Institute of Mental Health, and grants 011301 and 016977 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse.
Disclosure: The authors have no financial relationships to disclose.