Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
ArticlesA Longitudinal Community Study: Do Psychosocial Risk Factors and Child Behavior Checklist Scores at 5 Years of Age Predict Psychiatric Diagnoses at a Later Age?
Section snippets
Subjects and Procedure
Stage 1: Months 1–9. In the first stage of the study, all parents of children in the second grade of normal kindergarten schools in the south of the province Limburg (the Netherlands) were approached by the Youth Health Care organization for participation in the study. This included all public schools in this region (private schools do not exist in the Netherlands) excluding those for special educational needs. The national organization is responsible for performing a periodic health
Psychosocial Risk Factors
Risk factors were calculated for the five domains and for the category “any disorder.”Table 2 presents the impact of the selected risk factors on these domains. Confidence intervals (CIs) are given for significant odds ratios (ORs). The occurrence of a life event was associated with ADHD, mood disorders, and anxiety disorders. Whereas low-level parental occupation was a risk factor for conduct disorders, middle-level parental occupation was protective, compared with a high-level occupation,
DISCUSSION
This article reports the results of a longitudinal community study of a large-population sample in the Netherlands. It describes the influence of psychosocial risk factors and CBCL scores at 5 to 6 years of age in relation to child psychiatric disorders 1.5 years later. Because diagnostic groups were nonexclusive (irrespective of comorbidity), it is not possible to draw conclusions for “pure” groups. However, this makes the study representative of psychopathology in the general population, in
REFERENCES (29)
- et al.
Scales, diagnoses, and psychopathology, I: CBCL and DISC relationships
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(1993) - et al.
DSM-III-R disorders in preschool children from low-income families
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(1997) - et al.
Child psychiatric diagnoses generalized to a population of Dutch schoolchildren aged 6 to 8 years
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(2001) - et al.
Psychiatric disorders with onset in the preschool years, II: correlates and predictors of stable case status
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(1998) - et al.
Individual and familial predictors of impairment in childhood anxiety disorders
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(1998) - et al.
A longitudinal analysis of selected risk factors for childhood psychopathology
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(1989) - et al.
Reliability, validity, and parent–child agreement studies of the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents (DICA)
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(1987) - et al.
Risk factors for behavioral and emotional disorders in preadolescent children
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(1990) - et al.
Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist and Revised Child Behavior Profile
(1983) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd revised edition-revised (DSM-III-R)
(1987)
Comorbidity
J Child Psychol Psychiatry
Convergence of the Child Behavior Checklist with structured interview–based psychiatric diagnoses of ADHD children with and without comorbidity
J Child Psychol Psychiatry
Behavior problems in preschool children: a review of recent research
J Child Psychol Psychiatry
Diagnostic accuracy of the Child Behavior Checklist scales for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a receiver-operating characteristic analysis
J Consult Clin Psychol
Cited by (57)
Vocabulary size predicts behavioral problems in emotionally reactive children
2024, Early Childhood Research QuarterlyEvaluation of symptoms of preopoperative and postoperative psychosomatic screening in children with adenoidectomy and adenotonsillectomy
2020, International Journal of Pediatric OtorhinolaryngologyModeration of the relationship between the error-related negativity and anxiety by age and gender in young children: A preliminary investigation
2019, Developmental Cognitive NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :Early anxiety, even at subclinical levels, increases risk for clinically significant internalizing problems (i.e., anxiety and depressive disorders) in mid-childhood and into adult life (Kroes et al., 2002; Mesman et al., 2001; Moffitt et al., 2007; Petty et al., 2008).
Using latent profile and transition analyses to understand patterns of informant ratings of child depressive symptoms
2018, Journal of School PsychologyCitation Excerpt :The Internalizing score of the CBCL has test-retest reliability of 0.91 and an alpha coefficient of 0.90 (Achenbach & Rescoral, 2001); in the present study, one-year test-retest reliabilities of the TRF and the CBCL Internalizing scores were 0.28 and 0.61, respectively. Of most relevance to the present study, prior studies have found that the Internalizing score predicts concurrent (Jansen, Salzberg, Richters, &, 1993) and future mood disorders over a 1.5 (Kroes et al., 2002) and 8-year timeframe in young children (Mesman & Koot, 2001). We used T-scores on each indicator in the analyses to aid interpretation.
Associations among the number of mental health problems, stigma, and seeking help from psychological services: A path analysis model among Chinese adolescents
2014, Children and Youth Services ReviewCitation Excerpt :A total of 920 students validly completed questionnaires. According the criteria of the CBCL (Kroes et al., 2002), the clinical and borderline cutoff values for the problem subscales are the 98th and 95–98th percentiles, respectively. We chose the 95th percentile; participants with subscale scores exceeding this percentile were considered to have mental health problems.
Disentangling psychobiological mechanisms underlying internalizing and externalizing behaviors in youth: Longitudinal and concurrent associations with cortisol
2011, Hormones and BehaviorCitation Excerpt :Children's problem behaviors typically fall into two broad categories: internalizing problems (e.g. depression and anxiety) and externalizing problems (e.g. aggression and oppositional behaviors) and often these disorders are co-morbid (Angold et al., 1999). Given that children who demonstrate higher levels of internalizing and externalizing behaviors are at an increased risk of developing clinical level-disorders (Kroes et al., 2002; Mesman and Koot, 2001; Petty et al., 2008), it is critical to identify mechanisms associated with such behaviors before they develop into more severe disorders. While there is little doubt that both internalizing and externalizing problems are etiologically heterogeneous, promising research in the area of psychobiology has helped provide a window into the onset and persistence of these types of behaviors.
This study was supported by the University Hospital of Maastricht fund for outstanding and competitive clinical research, “Het Profileringsfonds”; the Prevention Foundation of the Netherlands; the Brain and Behavior Research Institute of the University of Maastricht; and the St-Clemens and Kan. Salden Foundations of the Netherlands.