Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
ArticlesAssociation of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms With Levels of Cigarette Smoking in a Community Sample of Adolescents
Section snippets
Sample
Longitudinal Cohort. The research cohort comprised 1,136 tenth-grade students (52% male, 48% female) enrolled in five public high schools in northern Virginia who were being followed for 4 years (9th–12th grade) to evaluate social, psychological, and genetic predictors of adolescent smoking adoption. Students were ineligible to participate if they had a special classroom placement (i.e., severe learning disability and/or English as a second language) that might preclude valid survey
Characteristics of Study Participants
The characteristics of the study sample are shown in Table 1. Fifty-two percent were female, and 65% were white. Regarding smoking, 43% (n = 457) were ever smokers; among those who had ever tried smoking, 31% (n = 140) were current smokers. In terms of exposure to others who smoke, 28% were exposed through family members, and 52% were exposed through peers. Consistent with epidemiological prevalence data, clinically significant inattention symptoms only (2%, n = 21), hyperactivity-impulsivity
DISCUSSION
ADHD has been associated with smoking among clinically referred youths (Lambert and Hartsough, 1998). However, the association of ADHD symptoms with smoking in adolescent community populations is less well understood. To better identify the influence of ADHD symptoms on adolescent smoking practices, we examined clinically significant inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity in a community sample. Of 1,066 high school sophomores surveyed, 21 (2%) met DSM-IV criteria on a validated self-report
REFERENCES (30)
- et al.
The adolescent outcome of hyperactive children diagnosed by research criteria, I: an 8-year prospective follow-up study
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(1990) - et al.
Which adolescent experimenters progress to established smoking in the United States?
Am J Prev Med
(1997) - et al.
Smoking history and nicotine effects on cognitive performance
Neuropsychopharmacology
(2001) - et al.
Prevalence and implications of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder among adolescents in treatment for substance abuse
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(1997) - et al.
Development of nicotinic drug therapy for cognitive disorders
Eur J Pharmacol
(2000) - et al.
ADHD is associated with early initiation of cigarette smoking in children and adolescents
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(1997) - et al.
Cigarette smoking in adult patients diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
J Subst Abuse
(1995) - et al.
Relationship of ADHD, depression, and non-tobacco substance use disorders to nicotine dependence in substance-dependent delinquents
Drug Alcohol Depend
(1999) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV)
(1994)- et al.
Recruiting adolescents into genetic studies of smoking behavior
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
(2002)
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Clinical Workbook
Nicotine and attention in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Psychopharmacol Bull
Why children start smoking cigarettes: predictors of onset
Br J Addict
The impact of a written parental consent policy on estimates from a school-based drug use survey
Eval Rev
Youth risk behavior surveillance—United States, 1997
Mor Mortal Wkly Rep CDC Surveill Summ
Cited by (0)
A portion of this research was presented at the 8th Florida Conference on Child Health Psychology in Gainesville, FL (Dr. Tercyak).
This work was supported by grant P5084718 from the National Cancer Institute and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (Dr. Lerman) .