Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
ARTICLESFourteen-Year Follow-up of Speech/Language-Impaired and Control Children: Psychiatric Outcome
Section snippets
Sample and Design of Initial Study (1982) and First Follow-up Study (1989–1990)
In 1982, a one-in-three random sample of all 5-year-old English-speaking children in the Ottawa-Carleton region of Ontario, Canada (N = 1,655; 794 girls and 861 boys), was administered the first stage of a three-stage S/L screening procedure. Among the four school boards in the region, a grid was drawn on a map to contain geographical clusters of three schools in each segment with similar enrollment and smallest distance between schools. One school was randomly selected from each segment. This
Age 19 Rates of Psychiatric Disorder by Age 5 S/L Status
In Table 2, rates of age 19 psychiatric disorder by age 5 S/L status are shown. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals are reported for contrasts with α levels at or below the .05 level. Indicator contrasts showed that the language-impaired group had significantly higher rates of anxiety disorder compared with the control group. Most participants with an anxiety disorder had social phobia. Although rates of social phobia did not differ significantly by S/L group, they showed a pattern similar
Disorder Rates
Young adults with a history of early childhood language impairment have one of the highest rates of psychiatric disorder in the community. Using the UM-CIDI, the NCS and the OHS reported disorder rates of 37% for 18-to 24-year-olds (Kessler et al., 1994) and 26.6% for 18-to 20-year-olds, respectively (E. Lin, personal communication, March 5, 1998). Both studies found the highest rates of disorder among young adult cohorts. Unlike the NCS and the OHS, we included the GAF criterion, suggesting
Conclusions
These results reveal the long-term psychiatric outcome associated with early childhood S/L impairment. Language-impaired children were significantly more likely to develop anxiety disorders in young adulthood. Most participants with an anxiety disorder had a diagnosis of social phobia. Males from the language-impaired group had significantly higher ASP rates compared with males from the control group. That age 5 language impairment is associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorder at
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This study was made possible through the support of Health Canada, grant 6606-5639-102.