Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
SPECIAL SECTION: ASSESSMENT OF INFANT AND TODDLER MENTAL HEALTH: ADVANCES AND CHALLENGESInfant and Toddler Pathways Leading to Early Externalizing Disorders
Section snippets
PARTICIPANTS
The source for subject recruitment was low-income families who use the Allegheny County's Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Program in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area (Shaw et al., 1998). Over the course of 2 years, 310 participants were recruited from WIC sites throughout the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. Because the intent of the original investigation was to examine the developmental precursors of antisocial behavior, the sample was restricted to boys because of their greater relative risk
RESULTS
Using maternal and teacher reports, we examined between-group differences among the five externalizing disorder groups in relation to child characteristics and psychosocial risk factors. Because sample sizes were small across disorder groups and informants, it was decided to control for type I error post hoc by comparing the ratio of significant to nonsignificant results. Using this approach, we could minimize the risk of type II error while maintaining the ability to assess the probability
DISCUSSION
Based on maternal reports of children's psychiatric diagnosis, children in the comorbid ADHD-ODD/CD group demonstrated the most chronic and pervasive set of child, family, and neighborhood risk factors, especially in comparison with normal and ADHD children. Also according to maternal report, children with CD had a great frequency of child, family, and neighborhood risk factors in comparison with nonproblem children. Children in the ODD group were characterized primarily by family risk factors
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This study was supported by NIMH grant 50907 to Dr. Shaw.