Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Case StudyThe Etiology of Autism: Pre-, Peri- and Neonatal Factors
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Cited by (102)
Developmental neurotoxicity and autism: A potential link between indoor neuroactive pollutants and the curious birth order risk factor
2017, International Journal of Developmental NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :In addition to body and environmental heat, the primary factor affecting volatile exposure is the quantity of new synthetic material encountered by the infant; families are most likely to acquire new products for first-borns and to reuse them for subsequent children,1 who would benefit from prolonged depletion of emitted neuroactive agents. Interestingly, an oft-found secondary spike in autism rates for fourth-born (and later) children (Deykin and MacMahon, 1980; Tsai and Stewart, 1983; Lord et al., 1991; Piven et al., 1993; Bolton et al., 1997) might correspond to the point when passed-down (and presumably out-gassed) products are sufficiently worn out to induce replacement with fresh (volatile-rich) products. Affluence presumably also affects the quantity of new synthetic material encountered by the infant, not just in infant products, but in household furnishings, flooring and automobiles.
Perinatal and background risk factors for childhood autism in central China
2014, Psychiatry ResearchCitation Excerpt :Many studies over the past decades have attempted to identify genetic, organic, maternal, neurochemical, immunological, and microbial factors that may increase the risk of autism in order to develop preventative strategies (Nelson, 1991; Piven et al., 1993; Croen et al., 2007; Kolevzon et al., 2007; Wallace et al., 2008; Longo et al., 2009; Matsuo et al., 2011). Earlier studies indicated that children with autism were exposed to specific gestational and perinatal risks such as elderly gravida, exposure to certain medications during pregnancy, and maternal infection, and were more likely to have low birth weight, premature delivery, various kinds of injury during delivery, and respiratory distress syndrome (Nelson, 1991; Piven et al., 1993). Both Croen et al. (2007) and Kolevzon et al. (2007) found that the risk of autism increases when parents are older, when the maternal relatives have emotional and anxiety disorders, and when paternal relatives have learning and attention deficits.
The prenatal, perinatal and neonatal risk factors for children's developmental coordination disorder: A population study in mainland China
2014, Research in Developmental DisabilitiesCitation Excerpt :Moreover, threatened abortion at <20 weeks were significantly more common in the mothers of DCD children when it is compared with control subjects and attained the highest OR value among the prenatal risks. Threatened abortion or bleeding during pregnancy has previously been reported in mothers whose children having developmental diseases such as autism and Pervasive Developmental (Glasson et al., 2004; Juul-Dam, Townsend, & Courchesne, 2001; Piven et al., 1993). However, few studies have been conducted in the relationship between threatened abortion and motor impairment.
Prenatal, perinatal and neonatal risk factors of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A comprehensive epidemiological assessment from India
2013, Research in Developmental DisabilitiesCitation Excerpt :Hence, it is imperative to focus of prenatal, perinatal events as risk factors for ASD. There has been a huge focus on pre- and perinatal events as risk factors in various studies across the globe, wherein disruptions and disorders of pregnancy, labor complications, fetal distress, low birth weight and premature birth have been studied and implicated in ASD (Bilder, Pinborough-Zimmerman, Miller, & McMahon, 2009; Bolton et al., 1997; Bryson, Smith, & Eastwood, 1988; Buchmayer et al., 2009; Burd, Severud, Kerbeshian, & Klug, 1999; Burstyn, Sithole, & Zwaigenbaum, 2010; Cryan, Byrne, O‘Donovan, & O‘Callaghan, 1996; Deb et al., 1997; Deykin & MacMahon, 1980; Dodds et al., 2011; Dubovický, 2010; El-Baz et al., 2011; Finegan & Quarrington, 1979; Gardener et al., 2011; Ghaziuddin, Shakal, & Tsai, 1995; Gillberg & Gillberg, 1983; Glasson et al., 2004; Guinchat et al., 2012; Hultman, Sparén, & Cnattingius, 2002; Johnson et al., 2010; Juul-Dam, Townsend, & Courchesne, 2001; Kinney, Munir, Crowley, & Miller, 2008; Kolevzon, Gross, & Reichenberg, 2007; Kröger et al., 2011; Kuban et al., 2009; Larsson et al., 2005; Lord, Mulloy, Wendelboe, & Schopler, 1991; Losh, Esserman, Anckarsäter, Sullivan, & Lichtenstein, 2012; Maimburg & Vaeth, 2006; Mason-brothers et al., 1987; Nelson, 1991; Ornitz, 1985; Piven et al., 1993; Schendel & Bhasin, 2008; Stein, Weizman, Ring, & Barak, 2006; Wallace, Anderson, & Dubrow, 2008; Zambrino, Balottin, Bettaglio, Gerardo, & Lanzi, 1995; Zwaigenbaum et al., 2002). Despite several studies being conducted worldwide to analyze the risk factors of ASD, the results are not conclusive.
Parental and Perinatal Risk Factors for Autism: Epidemiological Findings and Potential Mechanisms
2013, The Neuroscience of Autism Spectrum DisordersThe Environment in Autism Spectrum Disorders
2013, The Neuroscience of Autism Spectrum Disorders
This research was supported by NIMH Grant RO1 MH39936-04 (Dr. Folstein) and The John Merck Fund (Dr. Piven). The authors acknowledge the help of Pat Palmer, Ph.D., Stephan Arndt, Ph.D., and Janiece Thein.