Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Case StudyUrinary Free Cortisol Output and Disruptive Behavior in Children
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The role of inflammatory markers and cortisol in the association between early social cognition abilities and later internalising or externalising problems: Evidence from a UK birth cohort
2022, Brain, Behavior, and ImmunityCitation Excerpt :Our finding adds to this evidence by indicating that hypocortisolism may be related to externalising problems in adolescence. One explanation for this link may be that children with underregulated HPA axis tend to seek more stimulation to raise their arousal levels, thereby engaging in more disruptive or aggressive behaviours (Kruesi et al., 1989). Regarding internalising problems, contrary to previous evidence of hypercortisolism in depression (Paslakis et al., 2011), we did not find an association with cortisol.
An exploratory analysis of testosterone, cortisol, and aggressive behavior type in men and women
2021, Biological PsychologyCitation Excerpt :The majority of evidence indicates a negative association between cortisol and aggressive or antisocial behavior (van Goozen, Fairchild, Snoek, & Harold, 2007). However, there are null findings and significant results that are opposite general trends (Gerra et al., 1997; Kruesi, Schmidt, Donnelly, Hibbs, & Hamburger, 1989; McBurnett et al., 2005; Schulz, Halperin, Newcorn, Sharma, & Gabriel, 1997; van Bokhoven et al., 2005). Mixed results and weak associations across studies relating cortisol and testosterone individually to aggression may be explained by the interactive effects of these hormones on aggressive behaviors.
Links between early baseline cortisol, attachment classification, and problem behaviors: A test of differential susceptibility versus diathesis-stress
2017, Infant Behavior and DevelopmentCitation Excerpt :As such, a secure attachment relationship may help buffer against the harmful effects of low cortisol levels on socioemotional behaviors. The finding that attachment security moderates the relations between low baseline cortisol and problem behaviors may also help reconcile prior null findings of the relations between low baseline cortisol and problem behaviors (e.g., see Dahl et al., 1989; Kruesi, Schmidt, Donnelly, Hibbs, & Hamburger, 1989; Ouellet-Morin et al., 2010). For example, Ouellet-Morin et al. (2010) did not find relations between low baseline cortisol levels and externalizing or internalizing problems in a low-risk sample of toddlers.
Examining the concurrent and longitudinal relationship between diurnal cortisol rhythms and conduct problems during childhood
2016, PsychoneuroendocrinologyCitation Excerpt :Although no studies to our knowledge have identified the mechanism by which blunted HPA axis activity leads to increases in externalizing behavior, there are a number of possible explanations for the direction of this relationship. One hypothesis is that children with blunted diurnal cortisol rhythms are chronically under-stimulated and under-aroused, leading them to seek out more stimulation, thereby engaging in aggressive or antisocial behaviors (Kruesi et al., 1989; Zuckerman, 1979). This theory suggests that children seek to raise their arousal levels by engaging in externalizing or rule-breaking behavior.
Systematic review, structural analysis, and new theoretical perspectives on the role of serotonin and associated genes in the etiology of psychopathy and sociopathy
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