Issues in Pulmonary CareKnowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy and compliance with medical regimen, number of emergency department visits, and hospitalizations in adults with asthma*,**
Section snippets
Literature review
Many definitions have been given for compliance. The most widely accepted is by Haynes et al,5 who state that compliance is the extent to which a person’s behavior, such as taking medications, coincides with medical or health advice. Compliance can be seen as an attitude and as a behavior. Compliance as an attitude is willingness or intention to follow health prescriptions. Compliance as a behavior is related to the actual carrying out of the medical regimen.6 The term compliance, to many
Research questions
Specifically the study sought to answer the following questions:
- 1.
What is the relationship between demographic characteristics and scores on the knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy scales?
- 2.
Is there a relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy in adults with asthma?
- 3.
What is the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy and compliance with prescribed medical regimen?
- 4.
What is the relationship between demographic variables and compliance with prescribed medical
Sample
The sample consisted of 29 adults with a diagnosis of asthma. Subjects were obtained from the office files of a private-practice primary care provider. All adult patients at the practice site with a diagnosis of asthma (N = 51) were included in the study. Twenty-nine subjects returned the questionnaires, resulting in a response rate of 59%.
Setting
The private practice setting, from which the sample was obtained, is managed by a primary care physician and an adult nurse practitioner. Management of
Results
In computing the score of the KASE-AQ, consideration had to be given to managing missing values. Missing values for items measuring self-efficacy and attitudes were substituted with the item mean before the scores were summed. Missing items on the knowledge scale were coded as equivalent to incorrect answers. The KASE-AQ scores for the total sample are listed in Table II.Scale Mean SD Scale range Knowledge 12.23 3.71 0-20 Attitude 86.47 8.31 20-100
Discussion
The results revealed that only slightly more than half of the questions on the knowledge scale were answered correctly (mean, 12.23). The mean scores on the attitude (86.47) and the self-efficacy (83.06) scales were high. Compliance with prescribed medical regimen scores was highest regarding the correct use of prescribed medications (0.82) and correct use of metered-dose inhalers (0.90). They were lowest regarding the correct use of peak-flow meters (0.61) and management of asthma symptoms
Acknowledgements
We acknowledge Janice Grzankowski, doctoral candidate, for her data entry and analysis and Yow-Wu Bill Wu, PhD, for his statistical consultation.
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Supported by the Governor’s Office of Employee Relations and United University Professions Individual Development Awards Program.
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Reprint requests: Yvonne Krall Scherer, RN, EdD, School of Nursing, State University of New York at Buffalo, 924 Stockton Kimball Tower, 3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY 14214.