Sind Städter depressiver und ängstlicher im Vergleich zur Landbevölkerung? Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Bevölkerungsumfrage

 

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Zusammenfassung

Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs zwischen Urbanisierungsgrad und mentaler Gesundheit in der Allgemeinbevölkerung. Mittels einer Repräsentativbefragung (N=5 036) wurden Daten zur Depressivität (PHQ-2), Angst (GAD-2) und Lebenszufriedenheit (FLZ^M) erhoben. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen die Annahme, dass in städtischen Gegenden die Prävalenz für pathologische Depressivitäts- und Angstwerte im Vergleich zum Land erhöht ist. Ein eindeutig linearer Zusammenhang zwischen Urbanisierung und mentaler Gesundheit besteht jedoch nicht. Der Urbanisierungsgrad scheint nur ein distaler Faktor für höhere Depressivitäts- und Angstwerte zu sein. Die in anderen Studien gefundenen Stadt-Land-Unterschiede in der mentalen Gesundheit sind auf Deutschland nicht ohne Weiteres übertragbar. Zukünftige Forschung sollte bei der Betrachtung von Stadt-Land-Unterschieden der mentalen Gesundheit Variablen auf Individuums- und Gemeindeebene beim Urbanisierungsgrad berücksichtigen.

Abstract

This study investigates the association between urbanicity and mental health in the general population. We conducted a representative survey (N=5 036) measuring depression (PHQ-2), anxiety (GAD-2) as well as life satisfaction (FLZ^M). Results support the assumption that the prevalence rate for pathological scores of depression and anxiety are higher in urban than in rural areas. But, there is no clear linear association between urbanicity and mental health. Urbanicity seems to be a distal factor for higher rates in anxiety and depression. Urban-rural differences in other studies can not be transferred to the German population that easily. Future studies have to take variables on an individual and community level into account to analyse the relationship between urbanicity and mental health.

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