Original ArticleAnalysis of stress in the metatarsals
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Cited by (20)
Archery and the arm
2023, Behaviour in our Bones: How Human Behaviour Influences Skeletal MorphologyProspective study of biomechanical risk factors for second and third metatarsal stress fractures in military recruits
2019, Journal of Science and Medicine in SportCitation Excerpt :A more abducted (toe-out) foot orientation has also been found to increase medially-directed horizontal ground reaction force.22 Since it has been demonstrated that the third metatarsal is more sensitive to horizontal than vertical loads,6 greater abduction may also be influential on injury risk through a direct influence on loading of the metatarsal, likely effecting both bending and torsional loading. The later forefoot loading may also be associated with arch collapse, consistent with a foot type which exhibits forefoot abduction.
Three-dimensional impact kinetics with foot-strike manipulations during running
2017, Journal of Sport and Health ScienceCitation Excerpt :Although measurement of 3D kinetics is common, examining impact characteristics in each axis independently and in combination via the 3D resultant may provide more comprehensive insight into the magnitude and direction of applied forces.2 High-frequency shear forces applied to the structures of the fore- and mid-foot, including the metatarsal heads, plantar fascia, and toe flexor muscles, may highlight contrasting mechanisms of injury in each respective foot-strike pattern relative to rear-foot strike.2,11,15 Thus, the location, direction, magnitude, and patterns of force application are each considered important in understanding the implications of foot-strike manipulations, potentially relocating the site of injury rather than mitigating the cause.
Stress Fractures of the Foot
2015, Clinics in Sports MedicineCitation Excerpt :A recent study found that MT length did not correlate with peak plantar loading pressure.23,24 A study investigating loading conditions of the lesser MT found that maximum stress occurred within 3 to 4 cm of the proximal end of the lesser MT. This area generally corresponds to the typical location of stress fracture.25 Although the first MT fracture is typically found proximally, the second to fourth MTs usually fracture in midshaft or more distally.
The relationship between lower-extremity stress fractures and the ground reaction force: A systematic review
2011, Clinical BiomechanicsCitation Excerpt :The horizontal component of the GRF may be important in stress fractures as well (Dixon et al., 2006). For example, the force bearing capacity of the third metatarsal is shown to be less in the horizontal direction compared to the vertical direction (Arangio et al., 1998). As a result, measurement of all components of the external forces is required, particularly for the risk analysis of metatarsal stress fractures.